Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and ResponsesAnthony J. McMichael World Health Organization, 2003 - 322 pages Over the ages, human societies have altered local ecosystems and modified regional climates. Today, the human influence has attained a global scale. This reflects the recent rapid increase in population size, energy consumption, intensity of land use, international trade and travel, and other human activities. These global changes have heightened awareness that the long-term good health of populations depends on the continued stability and functioning of the biosphere's ecological, physical, and socioeconomic systems. The world's climate system is an integral part of the complex of life-supporting processes. Climate and weather have always had a powerful impact on human health and well-being. But like other large natural systems, the global climate system is coming under pressure from human activities. Global climate change is, therefore, a newer challenge to ongoing efforts to protect human health. This volume seeks to describe the context and process of global climate change, its actual or likely impacts on health, and how human societies and their governments should respond, with particular focus on the health sector. |
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Page v
... factor 134 Type of evidence available for estimating disease burden due to climate change 135 Definition of risk factor and exposure scenario 137 Methods for estimating exposure to climate change . 138 Outcomes to be assessed 139 ...
... factor 134 Type of evidence available for estimating disease burden due to climate change 135 Definition of risk factor and exposure scenario 137 Methods for estimating exposure to climate change . 138 Outcomes to be assessed 139 ...
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... factors . For example , a strong El Niño event in 1877 caused failure of the monsoon rains in south and central India ( 21 ) . However , the intense famine that resulted , which caused somewhere between 6 and 10 million deaths , was ...
... factors . For example , a strong El Niño event in 1877 caused failure of the monsoon rains in south and central India ( 21 ) . However , the intense famine that resulted , which caused somewhere between 6 and 10 million deaths , was ...
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... factors ( vegetation , host species , predators , competitors , parasites and human interventions ) . Various inte- grated modelling studies have forecast that an increase in ambient temperature would cause , worldwide , net increases ...
... factors ( vegetation , host species , predators , competitors , parasites and human interventions ) . Various inte- grated modelling studies have forecast that an increase in ambient temperature would cause , worldwide , net increases ...
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... factors or to the several other factors that are known to be significant determinants of transmission . There are several other categories of likely early impact . Hot weather would amplify the production of noxious photochemical smog ...
... factors or to the several other factors that are known to be significant determinants of transmission . There are several other categories of likely early impact . Hot weather would amplify the production of noxious photochemical smog ...
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... factor that alters the radiation balance or the redistribution of heat energy by the atmos- phere or oceans ... factors , such as orbital fluctuations and impacts from large meteors , also influenced past natural climate change ...
... factor that alters the radiation balance or the redistribution of heat energy by the atmos- phere or oceans ... factors , such as orbital fluctuations and impacts from large meteors , also influenced past natural climate change ...
Common terms and phrases
adaptive capacity air pollution analysis areas associated atmosphere cause cholera climate system climate variability coral bleaching deaths decision-makers dengue dengue fever developing countries diarrhoeal disease disasters distribution drought ecological economic ecosystems effects of climate El Niño emissions ENSO environment Environmental Health epidemics Epidemiology estimates extreme floods future climate global climate change greenhouse gases health effects health impact assessment health outcomes heatwave human health impacts of climate important increase infectious diseases Intergovernmental Panel IPCC Journal Lyme disease malaria measures meteorological monitoring mortality mosquito National Niño outbreaks ozone depletion Panel on Climate pathogen potential precipitation predict projected public health radiation rainfall range rates region relationships response result seasonal skin cancer solar specific stakeholders stratospheric stratospheric ozone temperature Third Assessment Report tion transmission trends tropical uncertainty UVR exposure variation vector vector-borne diseases vitamin D vulnerability weather World Health Organization