Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and ResponsesAnthony J. McMichael World Health Organization, 2003 - 322 pages Over the ages, human societies have altered local ecosystems and modified regional climates. Today, the human influence has attained a global scale. This reflects the recent rapid increase in population size, energy consumption, intensity of land use, international trade and travel, and other human activities. These global changes have heightened awareness that the long-term good health of populations depends on the continued stability and functioning of the biosphere's ecological, physical, and socioeconomic systems. The world's climate system is an integral part of the complex of life-supporting processes. Climate and weather have always had a powerful impact on human health and well-being. But like other large natural systems, the global climate system is coming under pressure from human activities. Global climate change is, therefore, a newer challenge to ongoing efforts to protect human health. This volume seeks to describe the context and process of global climate change, its actual or likely impacts on health, and how human societies and their governments should respond, with particular focus on the health sector. |
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Page iv
... evidence for early health effects of climate change 64 Developing scenario - based models ( future effects ) Evaluating adaptation options Estimating ancillary benefits and costs Informing policy 66 68 70 70 Recognizing and responding ...
... evidence for early health effects of climate change 64 Developing scenario - based models ( future effects ) Evaluating adaptation options Estimating ancillary benefits and costs Informing policy 66 68 70 70 Recognizing and responding ...
Page v
... evidence of climate / infectious disease links Early indicators for long - term trends in global warming Predictive modelling 111 114 115 Modifying influences 121 Sociodemographic influences 121 Environmental influences 122 Conclusions ...
... evidence of climate / infectious disease links Early indicators for long - term trends in global warming Predictive modelling 111 114 115 Modifying influences 121 Sociodemographic influences 121 Environmental influences 122 Conclusions ...
Page vi
... Evidence of climate change 204 Attribution 205 Effect modification 206 General principles 207 Evidence of climate sensitivity 207 Public health burden 207 Practicality 207 Data requirements and data sources 208 Meteorology 208 Health ...
... Evidence of climate change 204 Attribution 205 Effect modification 206 General principles 207 Evidence of climate sensitivity 207 Public health burden 207 Practicality 207 Data requirements and data sources 208 Meteorology 208 Health ...
Page ix
... evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities " , most importantly the release of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels . Stresses on the climate system are already ...
... evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities " , most importantly the release of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels . Stresses on the climate system are already ...
Page 2
... evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities " ( 3 ) . During the twentieth century , world average surface temperature increased by approximately 0.6 ° C ( Figure 1.1 ) . There ...
... evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities " ( 3 ) . During the twentieth century , world average surface temperature increased by approximately 0.6 ° C ( Figure 1.1 ) . There ...
Common terms and phrases
adaptive capacity air pollution analysis areas associated atmosphere cause cholera climate system climate variability coral bleaching deaths decision-makers dengue dengue fever developing countries diarrhoeal disease disasters distribution drought ecological economic ecosystems effects of climate El Niño emissions ENSO environment Environmental Health epidemics Epidemiology estimates extreme floods future climate global climate change greenhouse gases health effects health impact assessment health outcomes heatwave human health impacts of climate important increase infectious diseases Intergovernmental Panel IPCC Journal Lyme disease malaria measures meteorological monitoring mortality mosquito National Niño outbreaks ozone depletion Panel on Climate pathogen potential precipitation predict projected public health radiation rainfall range rates region relationships response result seasonal skin cancer solar specific stakeholders stratospheric stratospheric ozone temperature Third Assessment Report tion transmission trends tropical uncertainty UVR exposure variation vector vector-borne diseases vitamin D vulnerability weather World Health Organization