Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and ResponsesAnthony J. McMichael World Health Organization, 2003 - 322 pages Over the ages, human societies have altered local ecosystems and modified regional climates. Today, the human influence has attained a global scale. This reflects the recent rapid increase in population size, energy consumption, intensity of land use, international trade and travel, and other human activities. These global changes have heightened awareness that the long-term good health of populations depends on the continued stability and functioning of the biosphere's ecological, physical, and socioeconomic systems. The world's climate system is an integral part of the complex of life-supporting processes. Climate and weather have always had a powerful impact on human health and well-being. But like other large natural systems, the global climate system is coming under pressure from human activities. Global climate change is, therefore, a newer challenge to ongoing efforts to protect human health. This volume seeks to describe the context and process of global climate change, its actual or likely impacts on health, and how human societies and their governments should respond, with particular focus on the health sector. |
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Page 4
... area of land and sea surface several hundred times larger than the sum of the areas of the cities them- selves ( 5 ) . This large ecological footprint , typical of modern industrialized soci- eties , comprises the supplies of food ...
... area of land and sea surface several hundred times larger than the sum of the areas of the cities them- selves ( 5 ) . This large ecological footprint , typical of modern industrialized soci- eties , comprises the supplies of food ...
Page 6
... areas in north - west India , the Middle East , northern Africa and parts of central America . Rainfall events would tend to intensify with more frequent extreme events increasing the likelihood. 6 CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN HEALTH.
... areas in north - west India , the Middle East , northern Africa and parts of central America . Rainfall events would tend to intensify with more frequent extreme events increasing the likelihood. 6 CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN HEALTH.
Page 14
... areas ) would reduce the adverse health impacts of climate change . A good example is the control of water - borne infections . In many areas increased density of rainfall is likely to lead to more frequent occurrence of significant ...
... areas ) would reduce the adverse health impacts of climate change . A good example is the control of water - borne infections . In many areas increased density of rainfall is likely to lead to more frequent occurrence of significant ...
Page 18
... areas ( 1 ) : 1. historical analogue studies to estimate , for specified populations , the risks of climate - sensitive diseases ( including understanding the mechanism of effect ) and to forecast the potential health effects of ...
... areas ( 1 ) : 1. historical analogue studies to estimate , for specified populations , the risks of climate - sensitive diseases ( including understanding the mechanism of effect ) and to forecast the potential health effects of ...
Page 19
... areas receiving more solar energy than those near the poles . As a result , the tropical oceans and land . masses absorb a great deal more heat than the other regions of Earth . The atmos- phere and oceans act together to redistribute ...
... areas receiving more solar energy than those near the poles . As a result , the tropical oceans and land . masses absorb a great deal more heat than the other regions of Earth . The atmos- phere and oceans act together to redistribute ...
Common terms and phrases
adaptive capacity air pollution analysis areas associated atmosphere cause cholera climate system climate variability coral bleaching deaths decision-makers dengue dengue fever developing countries diarrhoeal disease disasters distribution drought ecological economic ecosystems effects of climate El Niño emissions ENSO environment Environmental Health epidemics Epidemiology estimates extreme floods future climate global climate change greenhouse gases health effects health impact assessment health outcomes heatwave human health impacts of climate important increase infectious diseases Intergovernmental Panel IPCC Journal Lyme disease malaria measures meteorological monitoring mortality mosquito National Niño outbreaks ozone depletion Panel on Climate pathogen potential precipitation predict projected public health radiation rainfall range rates region relationships response result seasonal skin cancer solar specific stakeholders stratospheric stratospheric ozone temperature Third Assessment Report tion transmission trends tropical uncertainty UVR exposure variation vector vector-borne diseases vitamin D vulnerability weather World Health Organization