sion lines are analyzed to yield the following parameters. The reddening, which must be circumstellar at b = -70°, is 0.67 in (B-V). From the ratio of Balmer continuum emission to Hß an electron temperature near 11,000 K is derived, with observational uncertainties that allow values from 9000 K to 16,000 K. From [O ] lines we find n = 3 × 105-5 x 106 on the star position, while from [O 1], which is likely to be formed in a Hi region, we find log n, to be in the range of 3.5 to 5.5. In lines of sight off the star but on visible nebulosity the densities are lower but only by about a factor of ten. Recombination lines of He I and H show a small enhancement of helium and the ratio of O N from [O 1] and [N 1] lines shows a substantial enhancement of nitrogen. The ratios of Ne III and S III to O III are nearly normal. A model of R Aqr with a white dwarf or O subdwarf accreting material that is lost by the long-period variable is discussed but to date there is no direct evidence that two separate stars are present. The evidence that the maxima were suppressed when the hot source was bright is used to question the binary hypothesis and to suggest that R Aqr may be a single star with a magnetically active region.

19510. Smith, A. V., Goldsmith, J. E. M., Nitz, D. E., Smith, S. J., Absolute photoionization cross-section measurements of the excited 4D and 5S states of sodium, Phys. Rev. A 22, No. 2, 577-581 (Aug. 1980).

Key words: absolute cross section measurement; atom; cross section; excited states; photoionization; sodium. We have measured the absolute cross section for photoionization of the 4D and 5S excited states of sodium for 1.06 μm radiation. The method of measurement is based on saturation of ionization probability at high intensity of the ionizing radiation. The measured cross sections for ionization of unaligned atoms are 15.2 ± 1.7 Mb for the 4D state and 1.49 ± 0.13 Mb for the 5S state, both in excellent agreement with calculated values.

19512. Taylor, P. O., Phaneuf, R. A., Dunn, G. H., Absolute cross sections and polarization for electron-impact excitation of the resonance multiplet of the Be+ ion, Phys. Rev. A 22, No. 2, 435-444 (Aug. 1980).

Key words: Bet; crossed beams; cross sections; electron impact; excitation; polarization.

Crossed beams of electrons and ground state Be+ ions have been used to measure absolute cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the 313.1-nm resonance radiation corresponding to the transition Be*(2p) → Be*(2s). Polarization fractions of the emitted light were also measured. Cross sections are absolute in the sense that all measurables including photon flux at 313 nm have been compared to relevant standards. The doublet emission cross section in units of 10-16 cm2 can be represented as a function of electron energy by σ = -5.10 InE + 23.0 from 4.4 to 21 eV (extrapolating to 16× 10-16 cm2 at the 3.96-eV threshold) and by σ = 101 InE/E-151/E from 21 to 740 eV. Total uncertainties at a high (approximately 98%) confidence level are about ± 10%. Coulomb-Born II calculations of Bely overestimate the value at threshold by a factor of 1.7, and a recent Coulomb-Born calculation by Mann is about 10% higher at 740 eV. Two- and fivestate close-coupling calculations lie, respectively, 28% and 19% above the measurement at threshold. For energies from 5 to 300 eV the measured polarization fractions can be represented by P = 0.0708 InE + 0.284 which given P = 0.19 at threshold. 19514. Reader, J., Corliss, C. H., Eds., Line spectra of the elements, Paper in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61st Edition. Section E-General Physical Constants Line Spectra of the Elements, R. C. Weast and M. J. Astle, Eds., pp. E-219-E-348 (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1980).

Key words: atomic spectra; intensities of lines; line spectra; spectrum lines; tables of spectra; wavelengths.

These tables contain the outstanding spectral lines of neutral (I), singly ionized (II), doubly ionized (III), triply ionized (IV), and quadruply ionized (V) atoms. Listed are lines that appear in emission from the vacuum ultraviolet to the far infrared. For most atoms the lines were selected from much larger lists in such a way as to include the stronger observed lines in each spectral region. In a few cases prominent monoxide band heads are also given. Literature references for each spectrum are collected at the end of the entire set of tables. The wavelengths range from 40 to 40 000 Å. Many of the intensities represent quantitative estimates of relative line strengths that take account of varying detection sensitivity at different wavelengths. They are on a linear scale. For nearly all of the other lines the intensities represent qualitative estimates of the relative strengths of lines not greatly separated in wavelength.

19521. Martinez, R. I., Huie, R. E., Herron, J. T., Products of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with trans-2-butene in the presence of oxygen and nitrogen dioxide, Chem. Phys. Lett. 72, No. 3, 443-447 (June 15, 1980).

Key words: hydroxyl radical; nitrates ozone; nitrogen dioxide; reaction; trans-2-butene.

The reactions of hydroxy-substituted alkyl radicals, formed as secondary products in the reaction of ozone with trans-2-butene, have been identified in photoionization mass spectrometry studies, using acetaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide as free-radical scavengers. Products derived from 2-hydroxyl-1-methylpropyl in the absence of scavengers include 2,3-butanedi-one (diacetyl), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), and 2,3-butanediol. In the presence of added acetaldehyde or nitrogen dioxide, the formation of these products is suppressed. In addition, with added nitrogen dioxide, new products are formed which have been identified as a series of oxoalkyl and hydroxy-substitutedalkyl nitrates and peroxynitrates. These observations may have an important bearing on the chemistry of photochemical smog. 19522. Martin, W. C., Series formulas for the spectrum of atomic sodium (Na 1), J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, No. 7, 784-788 (July 1980).

Key words: atomic energy levels; atomic spectra; quantum defects; Rydberg-Ritz series; sodium; spectroscopic series. The available data on the energy levels of Na 1 yield Ritz quantum-defect formulas predicting all one-electron (nl) levels with an uncertainty of ± 0.03 cm1 with respect to the 3s 2S1/2 ground level. Such formulas are given here for the ns through ni series as expressions for the quantum defect & in inverse even powers of n-do, with 8 constant for each nl series. These formulas are usually more convenient for calculations than the formulas in powers of n-d and core-polarization formulas given previously. Term differences or quantum defects predicted by the ns through nh formulas are compared with a number of more recent experimental determinations in the range n = 13-41.

19523. Linsky, J. L., Stellar chromospheres, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 18, 439-488 (1980).

Key words: chromosphere sun; emission-line stars; late-type stars; stellar chromospheres; stellar winds; ultraviolet spectra; x-ray sources.

This is a comprehensive review of recent observational and theoretical studies of stellar chromospheres. Specific topics covered include the definition of a stellar chromosphere, the regions of the H-R diagram in which chromospheres occur, semiempirical models of chromospheres in single stars, theoreti

cal models, the Wilson-Bappu relation, systematic flow patterns, how chromospheres in close binary systems differ from chromospheres in single stars, and future prospects for research.

19536. Troland, T. H., Heiles, C., Johnson, D. R., Clark, F. O., Polarization properties of the 86.2 GHzv = 1, J = 2→1 SiO maser, Astrophys. J. 232, 143-157 (Aug. 15, 1979).

Key words: interstellar, molecules, masers, polarization; stars, long period variables; stars, supergiants.

Complete Stokes parameters have been measured for a small sample of SiO masers associated with variable stars. These sources were found to be typically 15-30% linearly polarized and to exhibit no circular polarization above limits of as low as a few percent. The Orion Molecular Cloud source exhibited no linear or circular polarization greater than 3% during the present observing period. The Stokes parameters for R Cas, not necessarily including the total intensity, were found to vary over short periods. Comparison of the new profiles for regular variable stars with those obtained several optical periods earlier reveals substantial changes. No apparent correlation exists between these changes and the optical variations of the stars. 19538. Hanley, H. J. M., Evans, D. J., Equilibrium and nonequilibrium radial distribution functions in mixtures, Mol. Phys. 39, No. 4, 1039-1042 (1980).

Key words: computer simulation; conformal solution theory; mixture; molecular dynamics; radial distribution function; soft spheres.

19543. Acquista, N., Reader, J., Spectrum and energy levels of triply ionized zirconium (Zr iv), J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, No. 7, 789-791 (July 1980).

Key words: spectra; ultraviolet; zirconium.

The spectrum of Zr iv was observed with a sliding spark in the region from 440 to 2670 Å on the 10.7-m normal- and grazing-incidence spectrographs at NBS. About 30 new lines were observed. The level system (Rb isoelectronic system, 4p nl) was extended to include the series ns (n = 5—8), np (n = 5—7), nd (n = 4—6), nf (n = 4—6), and ng (n = 5—9). The nf series exhibits irregular fine-structure splittings and quantum defects. The ionization energy was determined from the ng series to be 277 605.8 ± 1.5 cm-1 (34.4190 ± 0.0002 eV). New wavelengths were determined for the 4s24p5-4s4p6 transitions of Zr vi.

19556. Kaufman, V., Artru, M. C., Wavelengths and energy levels of quadruply ionized magnesium (Mg v), J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, No. 9, 1135-1139 (Sept. 1980).

Key words: configuration interaction; energy levels; magnesium; wavelengths.

The spectrum of Mg++ was observed between 95 and 400 Å. New wavelengths result in revised-energy level values and some resolved term structure. Parametric calculations with configuration interaction were made for the 2s2p5, 2s22p33s, and 2s22p33 d configurations. These support rejection of some levels and some new identifications.

19559. Cole, B. E., Ederer, D. L., Stockbauer, R., Codling, K., Parr, A. C., West, J. B., Poliakoff, E. D., Dehmer, J. L., Wavelength and vibrational-state dependence of photoelectron angular distributions. Resonance effects in 5 ơ photoionization of CO, J. Chem. Phys. 72, No. 11, 6308-6310 (June 1980).

Key words: angle resolved photoemission; angular distributions; carbon monoxide; CO; photoelectron spectra; photoionization; shape resonance; synchrotron radiation. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron angular distributions are reported for the 5σ channel of CO. The wavelength dependence of the angular distributions of the first four vibrational levels were obtained at 0.5 eV intervals over a photon energy range of 16 to 26 eV. The instrument used monochromatized from the light NBS synchrotron storage ring (SURF) to photoionize CO molecules in the gas phase. The photoelectron angular distributions were measured by rotating a spherical analyzer. The variation in the angular distributions of the different vibrational states as a function of photon energy is interpreted as arising from autoionization in the low energy range and from shape resonance effects in the high energy range. 19562. Artru, M. C., Kaufman, V., Additions to the analysis of Al vi, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, No. 9, 1130-1135 (Sept. 1980).

Key words: aluminum; configuration interaction; energy levels; sodium; wavelengths.

The spectrum of five-times ionized aluminum was investigated in the 85-113 Å and 100-1500 Å wavelength regions. New energy levels were found in the 2s22p33s, 3p, and 3d configurations. Parametric calculations were made for the 2s22p33

2s22p33s, and 2s22p33d configurations in both Na iv and Al vi. The results are compared with similar calculations in Mg v. 19585. Brown, D. W., Lowry, R. E., Smith, L. E., Kinetics of hydrolytic aging of polyester urethane elastomers, Macromol. 13, No. 2, 248-252 (Mar.-Apr. 1980).

Key words: hydrolytic degradation; polyester urethane elastomers.

The hydrolytic degradation of polyester urethane elastomers is due to the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester group. Acid content (A) and the reciprocal of the number average molecular weight (M-1) increase by equivalent amounts indicating that each molecular chain scission produces one acid group. The time (1) dependence of A and M is given by A = A。ekt and M-1 = M。 ̄1 + A。(ek-1), where the subscripts denote initial values. The fractional rate of increase in acidity, k, is a pseudo-firstorder rate constant because the ester and water contents change only slightly with degradation. Values of k at 85 °C and 100% relative humidity are in the range 15-20% per day for polyurethanes, based on poly(caprolactone and tetramethylene adipate diols). At 100% relative humidity k obeys the Arrhenius equation between 35 and 85 °C with activation energies in the range 68-83 kJ/mol (16-20 kcal/mol). Values of k decrease with relative humidity, becoming zero in dry air. 19603. Rosenstock, H. M., Stockbauer, R., Parr, A. C., Photoelectron-photoion coincidence study of the bromobenzene ion, J. Chem. Phys. 73, No. 2, 773-777 (July 15, 1980).

Key words: benzene; benzonitrile ion; coincidence; fragmentation; kinetics; photoelectron; photoionization; unimolecular.

The technique of variable time photoelectron-photoion coincidence mass spectrometry has been applied to the fragmentation of bromobenzene ion producing a phenyl ion. A detailed analysis of the variation of the breakdown curve with parent

ion residence time was performed. The results lead to AH (phenyl ion) = 270 kcal/mole in close agreement with recalculated results from an earlier study on chlorobenzene. This, combined with other photoionization results leads to AH (phenyl radical) = 83 ± 3 kcal/mole, slightly higher than the value 80.9 ± 2 kcal/mole obtained from neutral kinetics. The analysis leads to a rate-energy dependence for the fragmentation process and an equivalent 1000 K Arrhenius pre-exponential factor of ~9.4 x 104 sec1, which may be compared to the value 2× 1015 sec for the analogous neutral process. The possible contribution of spin orbit splitting is discussed.

19608. Reader, J., Luther, G., Spectra of very highly charged Cu- and Zn-like ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, No. 8, 609-613 (Aug. 25, 1980).

Key words: highly ionized atoms; laser-produced plasma; spectrum; ultraviolet.

The 4s-4p, 4p-4d, and 4d-4f transitions of ten copperlike and zinclike ions from Ba26+ to W45+ have been observed by means of a laser-produced plasma and a 2.2-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. The spectra are accompanied by a prominent continuum lying just below the 4p2P1/2-4ď D3/2 transitions in the copperlike ions. The results support the identification of the resonance lines of Xe24+ and Xe25+ in the Princeton University ST tokamak by Hinnov.

19610. Burkhalter, P. G., Reader, J., Cowan, R. D., Spectra of Mo XIII-XVII from a laser-produced plasma and a low-inductance vacuum spark, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, No. 8, 912-919 (Aug. 1980).

Key words: ion; laser-produced-plasma; molybdenum; vacuum-ultraviolet; wavelengths.

The spectrum of Mo from 20 to 90 Å was obtained with a laser-produced plasma and a low-inductance vacuum spark. Wavelengths and line identifications were determined for transitions of the type 3d-4p and 3d-4f in Mo XIII-XVI and for 3p-3d type transitions in Mo XVI-XVIII. The line identifications were obtained with the aid of relativistically corrected HartreeFock calculations. Energy-level diagrams are given for the 3d 4p and 3d 4f configurations of Mo xvI.

19618. Klais, O., Laufer, A. H., Kurylo, M. J., Atmospheric quenching of vibrationally excited O2(1▲), J. Chem. Phys. 73, No. 6, 2696-2699 (Sept. 15, 1980).

Key words: atmospheric; flash photolysis; kinetics; ozone
O2('▲); vibrational deactivation.

Flash photolysis of O, in the Hartley band has been coupled with absorption spectroscopic detection of О2('A‚v = 0) and resonance fluorescence detection of O(3P) to analyze the fate of O2(1▲‚v ≥ 1) in an atmospheric environment. The results indicate a rapid vibrational deactivation under atmospheric conditions. The same analysis permits an estimate of the relative quantum yield of О,('A‚v ≥ 1) in the photolysis. Similarly, an upper limit for the channel of the O('D) + O3 reaction yielding O2(') is derived.

homopolymer. In addition, band progressions observed in the Raman spectra of a series of isostructural perfluoro-n-alkanes have been used to plot out portions of the wз, w, and w, experimental dispersion curves for PTFE. Comparisons of band assignments and experimental dispersion curves with previous normal mode calculations indicated a lack of agreement between mode symmetries and a sizable discrepancy in the we branch for phase values greater than 120°. Normal mode calculations, based on an isolated chain model, have been performed in which the valence force field constants have been refined to improve the agreement with experimental results.

Building Technology

SP560. Wind and seismic effects. Proceedings of the Tenth Joint Panel Conference of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, May 23-26, 1978, H. S. Lew, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 560, 644 pages (Oct. 1980) SN003-003-02252-7, $11.00.

Key words: accelerograph; codes; design criteria; disaster; earthquakes; ground motion; seismology; standards; storm surge; structural engineering; structural response; tsunami; wind loads, winds.

This volume includes thirty-eight technical papers presented at the Tenth Joint Meeting of the U.S.-Japan Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects. It also includes the formal resolutions and the reports of the Panel's eight task committees. The subjects covered in the Joint Meeting include: (1) natural wind characterization and extreme wind records, (2) characterization of earthquake ground motions and strong-motion earthquake data, (3) engineering seismology, (4) response of hydraulic and earth structures to seismic forces, (5) structural responses to wind loading, (6) recent developments in seismic design criteria, (7) design and analysis of special structures, (8) damage evaluation, repair and retrofit, (9) earthquake hazard mitigation, and (10) storm surge and tsunami.

SP592. An investigation of the Miyagi-ken-oki, Japan, earthquake of June 12, 1978, B. R. Ellingwood, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 592, 232 pages (Oct. 1980) SN003-003-02257-8, $6.50.

Key words: bridges; buildings; dikes; earthquakes; foreign engineering; geology; highways; housing; landslides; liquefaction; power plants; railroads; rock slides; seismicity; structural engineering.

On June 12, 1978, a destructive earthquake with Richter magnitude of 7.4 occurred off the east coast of Miyagi Perfecture, Japan. Preliminary estimates by the National Land Agency of Japan indicated that the earthquake caused an equivalent of $800 million in total damage. There is a cooperative agreement between the Governments of the United States and Japan termed the U.S.-Japan Program in Natural Resources (UJNR). Following the earthquake, it was arranged through UJNR that teams of U.S. structural engineers and geologists would visit Miyagi Prefecture and inspect the damage caused by the earthquake. This report assembles the information and collective experiences of the investigation team so as to describe the earthquake and document its effects. Field investigations conducted by geologists and structural engineers are described in detail and some of the implications for seismic resistant design and construction of structures in the United States are also discussed.

SP598. Metric conversion in the construction industries-Technical issues and status, H. J. Milton and S. A. Berry, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 598, 145 pages (Oct. 1980) SN003-003-02265-4, $5.00.

Key words: construction industries; dimensional coordination; metric bibliography; metric conversion timetable; metric decision; metric product sizes; metric system (SI). This Special Publication was prepared at the request of the Metric Symposium Planning Committee of the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS). It is intended to provide information on technical issues and status of metric conversion in the United States construction industries. It will be made available to attendees at the NIBS Symposium on "Metric Conversion in the Construction Community" to be held December 2-3, 1980, in Chicago, IL. In addition, it will be available to other affected parties in the construction community.

The report contains information on planning for the metric change, current metric activities of professional and industry groups, technical implications in the construction industries, dimensional coordination, metric building products and services, research issues, and timing. It is intended to provide assistance for informed decisionmaking relative to metric conversion for the U.S. construction industries. Also included in the report is a bibliography of relevant construction industries' metric technical information.

BSS129. Cost estimation and cost variability in residential rehabilitation, R. E. Chapman, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Bldg. Sci. Ser. 129, 120 pages (Nov 1980) SN003-003-02270-5, $4.50.

Key words: applied economics; building codes; building economics; cost estimation; economic analysis; engineering economics; housing; mathematical programming; optimization; rehabilitation; renovation.

This study analyzes four methods of estimating the costs of residential rehabilitation. Each method is critiqued with regard to its treatment of changes in the size of the renovation project, the productivity of labor, and the contractor's markup for overhead and profit. Cost comparisons and a discussion of the way in which the inherent riskiness of renovation activities may be assessed are also presented. A theoretical approach for dealing with cost variability which integrates the performance concept with established engineering economics techniques is also developed.

TN1131. Field investigation of the performance of residential retrofit insulation, J. L. Weidt, R. J. Saxler, and W. J. Rossiter, Jr., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 1131, 67 pages (Sept. 1980) SN003-003-02243-8, $3.75.

Key words: conservation; energy; field survey; insulation; moisture content; residences; retrofit; thermal resistivity.

A study was conducted to obtain information on the performance of in-service insulations of the type commonly used in the United States to retrofit sidewalls of housing: urea-formaldehyde based foam, loose-fill cellulose, and loose-fill mineral fiber.

In the field phase of the study, observations were made on performance-related factors such as: the completeness of filling the cavity, the condition of the insulation and wall components, and evidence of moisture accumulation such as water stains on sheathing, studs and other wall components. Shrinkage was observed to have occurred for all urea-formaldehyde based foam specimens. Where measurable, it was found to be within a range of 4 to 9 percent. For the six test houses containing loose-fill insulation which were opened at the top of the wall cavity, only one with cellulose contained a void of undetermined origin at the location.

Insulation specimens removed from the walls were tested to determine their density, thermal resistivity and moisture content. The pH and moisture absorption of the urea-formaldehyde based foam specimens were also determined. Results of the laboratory measurements are discussed and compared with data

from other studies. Relationships between the moisture contents of the samples and their thermal resistivities were not found. Results indicated that the retrofitting of the inspected sidewalls was for the most part accomplished without adverse effect upon them.

NBSIR 80-2111-9. Review and refinement of ATC 3-06 tentative seismic provisions. Report of technical committee 9: Regulatory use, J. H. Pielert and P. W. Cooke, 70 pages (Oct. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB81-111742, $7.00.

Key words: building; building codes; building design; disaster mitigation; earthquakes; engineering; standards. THE TENTATIVE PROVISIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEISMIC REGULATIONS FOR BUILDINGS were developed by the Applied Technology Council to present, in one comprehensive document, current state-of-knowledge pertaining to seismic engineering of buildings. The TENTATIVE PROVISIONS are in the process of being assessed by the building community. This report is one of a series of reports that documents the deliberations of a group of professionals jointly selected by the Building Seismic Safety Council and the National Bureau of Standards and charged with reviewing the TENTATIVE PROVISIONS prior to the conduct of trial designs. The report contains the recommendations and records of the committee charged with review of the regulatory implementation and enforcement aspects of the provisions. The committee made two recommendations for revisions to the TENTATIVE PROVISIONS and five additional recommendations concerning subsequent activities, such as the conduct of trial designs. These recommendations were made to the parent group, the Joint Committee on Review and Refinement, and their action on these recommendations is documented in a companion report.

NBSIR 80-2116. Dimensional considerations in solar installations, H. J. Milton, 154 pages (Sept. 1980). Order from NTIS as PB81-106312, $11.00.

Key words: dimensions; flat plate collectors; preferred sizes; solar installations; standardization.

The Interim Report contains a study of dimensional considerations in solar installations using non-integrated flat plate collectors. Special attention is given to sizes of collectors and their constituent materials, to dimensions that affect the collector array, and to sizes for thermal storage tanks.

One of the aims of the investigation was to assess the scope for future standardization of collector sizes and their configurations, with the object to facilitate the processes of collector design, production and distribution, system design, installation, operation, and maintenance. An additional aspect was to assess the potential impacts of a change to metric units and product sizes in U.S. industry.

The report deals principally with a listing and evaluation of dimensional data for 185 flat plate collectors in production and/or use in 1978, (141 liquid, 37 air, and 8 special types), produced by 152 manufacturers. Measured sizes cover a wide range of width/length combinations, but some preferred sizes can be observed. Solar water heaters have followed standardization patterns of hot water tank manufacturers. The report suggests that greater standardization of solar systems and components is feasible, and points to some benefits that would result. The report also contains recommendations for follow-up and future investigations.

The Interim Report is intended to provide an overview of trends in the industry in 1978/79, and not an evaluation of individual commercially available components.

19516. Milton, H. J., Dimensional coordination in building, Chapter 6 in AIA Metric Building and Construction Guide, pp.

43-60 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, May 1980).

Key words: building module; controlling dimensions; coordinating sizes; dimensional coordination; metric building design; metric building products; modular coordination.

The chapter provides a general outline of the concepts of metric dimensional coordination in building, based on the international building module of 100 mm, and selected multimodules. The development of the idea of dimensional coordination in the U.S. is traced and contrasted with international developments. Definitions are provided of dimensional coordination and modular coordination. Major elements of a systematic approach to dimensional coordination are listed and include: modules and preferred dimensions; space reference systems, or grids; functional activity spaces; controlling dimensions for building design; coordinating dimensions for building products and assemblies; production (work) sizes, rules of fit, and joints; construction layout; and, drawing conventions, symbols and definitions. These elements are illustrated as needed. Detailed discussion deals with: modules and modular dimensions, including a rationale for their selection; reference grids; horizontal, vertical and intermediate controlling dimensions in building; and, preferred component and assembly sizes, and a matrix for their systematic selection. Suggestions for preferred dimensions and sizes are made for a number of building products, such as panels, masonry units, boards, sheet materials, tiles, partitions, doorsets, windows, skylights, and spacing of concealed members. Advantages of dimensional coordination, and pros and cons, have been summarized.

19518. Mahaffey, C. T., The effect of metrication on building codes and standards, Chapter 9 in AIA Metric Building and Construction Guide, pp. 85-90 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, May 1980).

Key words: building codes; building standards; dimensional coordination; metrication; regulatory coordination; standardization and international harmonization.

The chapter contains an analysis of major metric conversion issues relating to U.S. building standards and codes, with special emphasis on the need for proper planning and coordination. Among technical issues in the change, both the selection of correct SI units, and the consideration of dimensional coordination in the selection of new and preferred metric dimensions are stressed. International progress in standardization and in the harmonization of building regulations is addressed. 19519. Milton, H. J., Packard, R. T., SI units in architecture, Chapter 3 in AIA Metric Building and Construction Guide, pp. 13-20 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, May 1980).

Key words: convenient values; metric conversion; preferred dimensions; preferred values; SI units for building.

The chapter provides advice on conversion approaches, preferred dimensions and values, and SI units for use in architecture and building. Specific discussions relate to SI units for length, area, volume and section modulus, mass, time, and temperature.

19520. Milton, H. J., Guidelines for metric training and the transitional period, Chapter 10 in AIA Metric Building and Construction Guide, pp. 91-100 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, May 1980).

Key words: adaptation of building materials; metric familiarization; metric products and non-metric buildings; repair and maintenance.

The chapter deals with two aspects of metrication: the training of people in the construction community, and technical adaptation during the transition period.

Formal metric training programs are contrasted with informal familiarization outside and within the work environment. Training needs of various groups and the scope for construction industry metric training programs are discussed. The value of metric recognition points and mental images as part of the familiarization program is stressed and some typical examples are given.

Strategies are offered for the technical adaptation of materials and components during the transitional phase, both for design and construction. A matrix shows various degrees of complexity of adaptation, ranging from negligible (no or minimal change] to costly and practically impossible, and recommends courses of adaptive action for designers and contractors. The impact of metrication in relation to existing buildings and their maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, extensions and additions is examined and various strategies for the minimization of costs and problems are recommended. Legal and contractual implications of the change are addressed.

Computer Science and Technology

SP500-64. Computer science & technology: Data base directions-The conversion problem. Proceedings of the Workshop of the National Bureau of Standards and the Association for Computing Machinery, held at Fort Lauderdale, FL, Nov. 1-3, 1977, J. L. Berg, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 500-64, 178 pages (Sept. 1980) SN003-00302248-9, $5.50.

Key words: conversion; data base; data-description; datadictionary; data-directory; data-manipulation; DBMS; languages; query.

What information can help a manager assess the impact a conversion will have on a data base system, and of what aid will a data base system be during a conversion? At a workshop on the data base conversion problem held in November 1977 under the sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards and the Association for Computing Machinery, approximately seventy-five participants provided the decision makers with useful data.

Patterned after the earlier Data Base Directions Workshop, this workshop, Data Base Directions—the Conversion Problem, explores data base conversion from four perspectives: management, previous experience, standards, and system technology. Each perspective was covered by a workshop panel that produced a report included here.

The management panel gave specific direction on such topics as planning for data base conversions, impacts on the EDP organization and applications, and minimizing the impact of the present and future conversions. The conversion experience panel drew upon ten conversion experiences to compile their report and prepared specific checklists of "do's and don'ts" for managers. The standards panel provided comments on standards needed to support or facilitate conversions and the system technology panel reports comprehensively on the systems and tools needed with strong recommendations on future research.

SP500-65. Computer science & technology: Computer performance evaluation users group (CPEUG). Proceedings of the Sixteenth Meeting held at Orlando, FL, Oct. 20-23, 1980, H. J. Highland, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 50065, 316 pages (Oct. 1980) SN003-003-02250-1, $8.00.

Key words: benchmarking; capacity planning; computer performance evaluation; computer performance measure