other energy forms. We need every bit of energy that we can get from every possible angle. I think, that for this group, we should understand that while eight people actually work in a central electric powerplant, the actual productivity of energy per individual is providing energy for perhaps thousands of people working in construction jobs, plants, and factories, and in our industries. Mr. OTTINGER. The gentleman will be allowed to revise and extend. Mr. RITTER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. We are going to a panel that consists of Prof. Duane Chapman, of the Department of Economics, Cornell University; Dr. Thomas B. Johansson, Environmental Studies Program of the University of Lund, Helgonavagen, Sweden; Mr. Herb Epstein of the Solar Lobby; Mr. Herbert Wade of the Missouri State Solar Office; and Dr. John Gibbons, the new director of the Office of Technology Assessment. I want to congratulate him on his new role. Because of his time constraints, we are going to ask Dr. Gibbons to go first. With respect to all of the witnesses, we will put your statements in the record. Dr. Gibbons, it is good to have you with us. We will start off with you. PANEL II-ENERGY SUBSIDIES AND THE GOVERNMENT ROLEPROF. DUANE CHAPMAN, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, CORNELL UNIVERSITY; DR. THOMAS B. JOHANSSON, ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM, UNIVERSITY OF LUND, HELGONAVAGEN, SWEDEN; HERB EPSTEIN, SOLAR LOBBY; HERBERT WADE, MISSOURI STATE SOLAR OFFICE; AND DR. JOHN GIBBONS, DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, ACCOMPANIED BY HENRY KELLY, ASSISANT DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT [The biography and prepared statement of Dr. Gibbons follow:] JOHN H. GIBBONS POSITIONS: October, 1974 Present. Director, University of Tennessee Environment Center and Professor of Physics. Directs programs of scientific and policy research and public service in a variety of energy and environmental issues, with emphasis on energy management and efficiency of use; environmental impacts of energy production and use. September, 1973 - September, 1974. Director, Office of Energy Conservation, Federal Energy Administration. Responsibility for initiating and directing overall Federal programs in research, development, and demonstrating on energy conservation; Federal Energy Management Program; Conservation policy analysis. January - August, 1973. Professor of Physics and Director, University of Tennessee Environment Center. 1970-1973. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Director, ORNL-National Science Foundation Environmental Program. 1969 - 1970. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Director, Environmental Quality Study Project. 1954 - 1969. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Physics Division). Group leader, nuclear geophysics. ADVISORY AND WORKING COMMITTEES: National Academy of Sciences: Member, Board on Science and Technology in International Development (1979- ) Chairman, Panel on Energy, Natural Resources, and Environment: NAS Study on the UN Conference on Science and Technology for Development (1977-78) Chairman, Demand/Conservation Panel, Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Committee on Measurements of Energy Consumption (1976) Office of Technology Assessment: . Chairman, Panel on Residential Energy Conservation Assessment (1977- ) . Chairman, Panel on the National Energy Plan Policy Analysis (1977) . Chairman, Control and Abatement Technologies Panel, OTA Review of EPA 5 year R&D Plan (1976) Chairman, Conservation Panel, OTA Analysis of the ERDA Plan and Program Page 2 Department of Energy: Energy Research Advisory Board (1978- ). Chairman, Advisory Committee, Energy and Environmental Systems Division, Advisory Committee, National Center for Analysis of Energy Systems, USAEC Advisory Committee on Nuclear Cross Sections (1969-70). Others: Advisory Panel, Division of Policy Research and Analysis (National Science Advisory Committee, Energy Conservation Programs, National Bureau of . Vice Co-chairman (Industry), Task Force on Fuel Utilization and Conservation, National Coal Policy Project. Office of Technology Assessment; General Accounting Office; National Research Council; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Argonne National Laboratory; Donovan, Hamester, and Rattien, Inc. Board of Trustees, Randolph-Macon College (Ashland, Va.). Policy Committee, Energy Opportunities Consortium, Inc. Knoxville Energy Expo 82: Member, Board of Directors and Chairman, Page 3 BOARD OF DIRECTORS (INDUSTRIAL): Member, Board of Directors, McDowell Enterprises, Inc. . Member, Board of Directors, Environmental Systems Corporation, Inc. HONORS, AWARDS, PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES: Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Fellow, American Physical Society. Distinguished Service Award, Federal Energy Administration. Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Omicron Delta Kappa, Sigma Pi Sigma, Pi Mu PERSONAL: Born (1929) and grew up in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Married Mary Ann Hobart (1955); Children: Virginia, Diana, Mary; Member, Church of the Ascension (Episcopal); Eagle Scout; Member, Tennessee Citizens for Wilderness Planning, Sierra Club; Cosmos Club (Washington); residences in Concord, Tennessee (home) and Lancing, Tennessee (farm). EDUCATION: B.S. (1949), Mathematics & Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Va. Ph.D. (1954), Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Sc.D. (1977), (Honorary), Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia. PUBLICATIONS: (More than fifty) in the areas of energy and environmental policy, energy supply and demand, conservation, technology and policy, resource management and environmental problems, nuclear physics, and origins of solar system elements. March, 1979 TESTIMONY BY DR. JOHN H. GIBBONS, DIRECTOR, O.T.A., BEFORE A HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE Mr. Chairman, it is a pleasure to appear here today in my new capacity as Director of the Office of Technology Assessment, to try to comment on the recent interagency review of solar energy policy. My comments were developed on the basis of several recent OTA studies on related subjects. The Administration is to be commended for undertaking a task as ambitious as the Domestic Policy Review. While there will undoubtedly be a continuing debate over the validity of the wide range of individual assumptions and conclusions contained in this study, most commend the DPR in its attempt to introduce a degree of coherence into policy planning in this area. At the very minimum it has provided a valuable context for a constructive debate on the issues. There are many other areas of energy policy which could profit from an attempt to construct a comprehensive analysis of policy options. I would also like to support the notion of establishing a goal for solar energy. Such a goal can provide a clear and measurable test of policy and motivate both private and public decision makers. Other such goals have excited public imagination and provided a needed sense of continuity, purpose, and consistency. To be useful, however, the goal must be simultaneously plausible and challenging it must be achievable but not without stretching existing and projected capabilities. established yesterday by the President meets this criteria. The goal Before turning to a discussion of specific policies, it is useful to review the opportunities which would motivate a more aggressive program |