Motor-Vehicle-Related Fatalities - Continued ty of arrest and conviction with severe penalty matched by a significant and sustained increase in the number of arrests and convictions. Other proven methods in reducing motor-vehicle fatalities and injuries associated with younger drivers include raising the legal age for the consumption and purchase of alcohol, raising the age of motor-vehicle licensure, and instituting a well-enforced curfew system to restrict night driving. References 1. CDC. Patterns of alcohol use among teenage drivers in fatal motor vehicle accidents-United States, 1977-1981. MMWR 1983;32:344-7. 2. Carlson WL. Age, exposure, and alcohol involvement in night crashes. J Safety Res 1973;5:247-59. 3. Lacey JH, Stewart RJ, Council FH. Techniques for predicting high-risk drivers of alcohol countermeasures. Vol. 1. Technical report. Final report to the U.S. Department of Transportation. Chapel Hill: Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, 1979. 4. Douglas R. Youth alcohol and traffic accidents. In: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Special population issues. Alcohol and health monograph 4. DHHS publication no. (ADM) 82-1193. Washington, D.C.: Department of Health and Human Services, 1982:197-226. 5. National Safety Council, Traffic Safety Department. Press releases, Public Relations Department. December 13, 1982-December 27, 1983. 6. U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs. News release, November 20, 1984. 7. Robertson LS. Control strategies: laws and regulations directed at individuals. In: Injuries: causes, control strategies, and public policy. Lexington, Massachusetts: DC Heath and Company, 1983; 118-25. FIGURE 2. Motor-vehicle-associated fatalities involving young drinking drivers, by holiday* and equivalent nonholiday periods United States, 1983 'The complete holiday period was defined according to the National Safety Council (5) as lasting from 6 p.m. Friday to 12 midnight Monday, except for Thanksgiving, which was from 6 p.m. Wednesday to 12 midnight Sunday, and the New Year's holiday period. The complete New Year's holiday period was defined as lasting from 12:01 a.m. January 1, 1983, through 12 midnight January 2, 1983, and from 6 p.m., December 30, 1983, through 12 midnight, December 31, 1983. The number of nonholiday fatalities for all equivalent periods (same quarter of year, day of week, and time of day as was found in the corresponding holiday period) was divided by the number of nonholiday equivalent periods. These were added to obtain the mean number of fatalities for the complete nonholiday equivalent period. Between May 5, and June 29, 1984, 106 cases of measles were reported on the island of Kauai, Hawaii (Figure 3). All met the clinical case definition for measles; 25 cases were serologically confirmed. Four distinct generations of illness were identified 10-12 days apart. The second generation (May 17-28) was the largest, with 35 (33%) cases. No source was identified. Seven children (7%) of the 106 patients were hospitalized secondary to measles. Three were hospitalized for diarrhea and dehydration, and four, for evaluation. The single largest group of cases, 52 (49%), occurred among children under 5 years of age, including 36 (34%) under 16 months of age (Table 4). Persons 15-19 years of age were the next largest group, accounting for 27 (25%) cases. Forty-five (42%) of the cases occurred among school-aged children (5-19 years). Although more than two-thirds of the first generation occurred among school-aged children (15/22), the second generation occurred mainly in *Cases meeting the CDC measles case definition defined as: (1) generalized maculopapular rash for 3 days or more; (2) fever of 38.3 C (101 F) or higher, if measured; and (3) cough, coryza, or conjunctivitis. *Either by a fourfold rise between acute and convalescent measles titers or a measles-specific immunoglobulin M. (Continued on page 707) TABLE I. Summary—cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States *The 1983 reports which appear in this table were collected before AIDS became a notifiable condition. **There were no cases of internationally imported measles reported for this week. TABLE III. Cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending |