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St. Louis Encephalitis - Continued

essential to guide surveillance and control programs to prevent future outbreaks in this populous area, where a substantial proportion of the population appears to be susceptible. References

1. California State Department of Health Services. St. Louis encephalitis in southern California. California Morbidity, October 26, 1984.

2. Longshore WA Jr, Stevens IM, Hollister AC Jr, Gittelsohn A, Lennette EH. Epidemiologic observations on acute infectious encephalitis in California, with special reference to the 1952 outbreak. Am J Hyg 1956;63:69-86.

3. Reeves WC, Hammon WM. Epidemiology of the arthropod-borne viral encephalitides in Kern County, California, 1943-1952. In: Smith CE, Griffiths W, Reeves WC, eds. University of California Publications in Public Health, Vol. 4. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1962.

4. Monath TP. Epidemiology. In: Monath TP, ed. St. Louis encephalitis. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, 1980:239-312.

5. Magy Hl, Work TH, Thomas CV. A reassessment of Culex pipiens as a potential St. Louis encephalitis vector in Imperial County. Proc Pap Annu Conf Calif Mosq Control Assoc 1976;44:41-5.

6. Smith HH, Janssen RJ, Mail GA, Wood SA. Arbovirus activity in southern Arizona. Isolations of virus and observations of sentinel chickens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1969;18:448-54.

7. Luby JP. St. Louis encephalitis. Epidemiol Rev 1979;1:55-73.

8. Monath TP, Cropp CB, Bowen GS, Kemp GE, Mitchell CJ, Gardner JJ. Variation in virulence for mice and rhesus monkeys among St. Louis encephalitis virus strains of different origin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1980;29:948-62.

Current Trends

Influenza Activity ·
- Northern Hemisphere, 1984

Trinidad: Outbreaks of influenza-like illness have occurred in Trinidad since early September. Persons of all ages have been affected, many of whom experienced gastrointestinal symptoms along with fever, cough, coryza, and myalgias. Twenty influenza type B viruses have been recovered from throat swabs collected in September and October from symptomatic children and adults, including one child hospitalized with neurologic symptoms consistent with encephalitis; no type A viruses were recovered. Antigenic analysis of the 20 isolates is currently in progress.

Japan: Influenza-like illness has occurred in northern Japan since mid-October. Influenza type B viruses were recovered from seven children who became ill sporadicallly and from two others who became ill during an outbreak that affected 105 (28%) of 380 children in one school.

Great Britain: Influenza viruses were isolated from sporadic cases occurring in August and September. In Newcastle, type A(H1N1) virus was obtained from an infant with leukemia in remission who became ill August 15. In Edinburgh, type B virus was obtained from a child who developed influenza in September after being hospitalized for several weeks.

United States: Influenza type B virus was isolated from specimens obtained from a 30year-old woman in Houston, Texas, on October 24. The woman became ill with influenza on October 22 while returning from a trip that included stops in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand.

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Influenza A viruses recovered from two patients in Nevada (1) were recently submitted to CDC for reference analysis. Both viruses were closely related to A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2), a strain included in the current vaccine.

Reported by P Diggory, MD, B Hull, Caribbean Epidemiology Centre, Trinidad; M Pereira, PhD, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, England; H Six, PhD, WP Glezen, MD, School of Medicine, Baylor University, Houston, CE Alexander, MD, State Epidemiologist, Texas Dept of Health; Virus Diseases Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva; Influenza Br, Div of Viral Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC. Editorial Note: These early reports of influenza in the Northern Hemisphere are consistent with previous reports from the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics (2) and indicate that influenza A (H3N2), A(H1N1), and influenza B viruses continue to circulate in the world. Viruses related to the prevalent strains of influenza are included in this year's influenza vaccine, which should continue to be provided to persons who are at high risk or in priority groups (3). References

1. CDC. Influenza activity-Nevada. MMWR 1984;33:629-30.

2. CDC. Influenza-Southern Hemisphere, Asia, the Tropics, 1984. MMWR 1984;33:515-6. 3. ACIP. Prevention and control of influenza. MMWR 1984;33:253-60, 265-6.

TABLE I. Summary-cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States

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*The 1983 reports which appear in this table were collected before AIDS became a notifiable condition.

**One of the 3 reported cases for this week was imported from a foreign country or can be directly traceable to a known internationally imported case within two generations.

TABLE III. Cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending
November 17, 1984 and November 19, 1983 (46th Week)

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small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged 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small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][subsumed][merged small][subsumed][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

TABLE III. (Cont'd.) Cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending
November 17, 1984 and November 19, 1983 (46th Week)

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged 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small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

TABLE III. (Cont'd.) Cases of specified notifiable diseases, United States, weeks ending November 17, 1984 and November 19, 1983 (46th Week)

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged 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