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MMWR

MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT

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Rubella Vaccination during Pregnancy - United States, 1971-1983

From January 1971 to December 1983, 1,096 pregnant women who received rubella vaccine either within 3 months before or 3 months after their presumed dates of conception were reported to CDC. These women were followed prospectively to determine the risk of fetal abnormalities following exposure to the vaccine.

Cendehill and HPV-77 Vaccines: Before April 1979, data were collected on 538 women vaccinated during pregnancy with either Cendehill or HPV-77 rubella vaccines (1). The outcomes of conception-live birth, stillbirth, or spontaneous or induced abortion-were known for 143 (96%) of the 149 women known to be susceptible at the time of vaccination. Ninetyfour (66%) of these 143 women carried their infants to term. All gave birth to infants free of defects compatible with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) (2), although eight infants had serologic evidence of intrauterine infection (1,3). These eight children were all followed for at least 2 years, at which time all were growing and developing normally. The longest follow-up is for a child who is now 81⁄2 years old who had both an elevated rubella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer at birth and persistence of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. Although he is still Hl-antibody positive (he has not been vaccinated), he continues to grow and develop normally.

An additional 196 infants born to women who either were immune (22) or of unknown immune status (174) at the time of vaccination were also free of CRS-associated defects. Three other women (one susceptible, one immune, and one of unknown immune status) received unknown strains of rubella vaccine. All three delivered normal-appearing, healthy infants.

RA 27/3 Vaccine: Since licensure of the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine in 1979, 555 women who received this vaccine during pregnancy have been reported to CDC (Table 1). One hundred fifty-seven of these 555 women were known to be susceptible at the time of vaccination. Outcomes of pregnancy are known for 147 (94%) of these women. Of the 147 women, 119 (81%) delivered 121 living infants. An additional 28 immune women and 309 women of unknown immune status delivered 338 living infants. All of these 459 infants were free of defects compatible with CRS.

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TABLE 1. Pregnancy outcomes for 555 recipients of RA 27/3 vaccine United States, January 1979 through December 1983

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES/PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

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MMWR

MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT

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Rubella Vaccination during Pregnancy United States, 1971-1983

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From January 1971 to December 1983, 1,096 pregnant women who received rubella vaccine either within 3 months before or 3 months after their presumed dates of conception were reported to CDC. These women were followed prospectively to determine the risk of fetal abnormalities following exposure to the vaccine.

Cendehill and HPV-77 Vaccines: Before April 1979, data were collected on 538 women vaccinated during pregnancy with either Cendehill or HPV-77 rubella vaccines (1). The outcomes of conception-live birth, stillbirth, or spontaneous or induced abortion-were known for 143 (96%) of the 149 women known to be susceptible at the time of vaccination. Ninetyfour (66%) of these 143 women carried their infants to term. All gave birth to infants free of defects compatible with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) (2), although eight infants had serologic evidence of intrauterine infection (1,3). These eight children were all followed for at least 2 years, at which time all were growing and developing normally. The longest follow-up is for a child who is now 81⁄2 years old who had both an elevated rubella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer at birth and persistence of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. Although he is still Hl-antibody positive (he has not been vaccinated), he continues to grow and develop normally.

An additional 196 infants born to women who either were immune (22) or of unknown immune status (174) at the time of vaccination were also free of CRS-associated defects. Three other women (one susceptible, one immune, and one of unknown immune status) received unknown strains of rubella vaccine. All three delivered normal-appearing, healthy infants.

RA 27/3 Vaccine: Since licensure of the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine in 1979, 555 women who received this vaccine during pregnancy have been reported to CDC (Table 1). One hundred fifty-seven of these 555 women were known to be susceptible at the time of vaccination. Outcomes of pregnancy are known for 147 (94%) of these women. Of the 147 women, 119 (81%) delivered 121 living infants. An additional 28 immune women and 309 women of unknown immune status delivered 338 living infants. All of these 459 infants were free of defects compatible with CRS.

TABLE 1. Pregnancy outcomes for 555 recipients of RA 27/3 vaccine
January 1979 through December 1983

United States,

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES/PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

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