Competition and Price Making in Food Retailing: The Anatomy of Supermarket Operations

activities actual advertising alcoholic beverages amount taken antitrust article or product attract basis brand buyer buying California Cassady cent chain chapter cigarettes commerce commodity competition competitors consumer contract corporation court customers demand differential discount distributor dollar margin effect elasticity enactments example fact fair-trade Federal Trade Commission firm food retailing grocery gross margin ibid increase infra injury leader legislation loss leaders manufacturer markdowns market area markup meat merchandise milk Misc nonfood offered particular person price changes price discrimination price fixing private label product-service profit proscribing purchase purpose reductions resale price maintenance result retail vendor rivals Robinson-Patman Robinson-Patman Act S.D. Cal Safeway sales promotional sales volume Section seller selling shelf prices Sherman Act sold stamps sumer Super Market Institute supermarket operations supplier supplies supra thereof tion Trading Stamps unfair unfair-practice United unlawful violation wholesale