UN Peacekeeping in Action: The Namibian ExperienceNova Publishers, 1999 - 272 pages The settlement of Namibia's long running conflict remains one of the major successes of the United Nations. Over the course of one year, UN peacekeepers assisted the people of Namibia to gain their independence after years of oppressive South African rule. This book provides an in depth study of the conditions contributing to the UN's success in Namibia and what these reveal about peacekeeping and peace enforcing in other countries. |
Contents
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| 2 | |
| 3 | |
| 4 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 | |
| 9 | |
| 12 | |
The Role of the Special Representatives Office in Preventing Violence and Intimidation | 121 |
The Mandate | 122 |
UNTAG and Conflict Resolution | 123 |
Communication with Political Parties | 125 |
Negotiations between UNTAG and the Administrator General | 136 |
Communicating with the Media | 141 |
Discussion | 144 |
Conclusion | 146 |
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| 20 | |
| 22 | |
| 33 | |
| 35 | |
| 36 | |
| 37 | |
| 38 | |
| 39 | |
| 40 | |
The Western Five and the Development of Resolution 435 | 41 |
South African Rejection of Resolution 435 | 43 |
A Deal is Struck | 44 |
Relationship Between the Negotiations and UNTAG | 54 |
Conclusion | 55 |
Resolution 435 and UNTAG | 57 |
Changes to the Mandate | 60 |
Problems with the Mandate | 63 |
Key Components of UNTAG | 65 |
UNTAG Command | 71 |
UNTAG Planning | 72 |
Training | 74 |
Logistics and Procurement | 75 |
Conclusion | 76 |
Violence and Intimidation in Namibia | 77 |
The Militarisation of Namibia | 78 |
Other Covert Operations | 84 |
Other Sources of Intimidation | 85 |
Conclusion | 86 |
The Military Component of UNTAG | 87 |
The UN Mandate for the Military Component | 88 |
UNTAGs Response | 94 |
The Continuing Crisis | 100 |
The Crisis Ends | 102 |
SWAPOs Position and the Settlement Plan | 103 |
Early Indications of Trouble | 106 |
Discussion | 108 |
Other Duties of the Military Component | 114 |
Conclusion | 120 |
The UN Police in Namibia | 147 |
UNTAG Police Roles and Limitations | 148 |
Performance of CIVPOL | 150 |
Discussion | 159 |
Conclusion | 163 |
Creating the Conditions for Free and Fair Elections | 165 |
The Mandate | 166 |
Repeal of Discriminatory Legislation and the General Amnesty | 167 |
The Repatriation Program | 170 |
Release of Political Prisoners | 174 |
Were Conditions for Free and Fair Elections Created? | 179 |
Conclusion | 180 |
The Electoral Process and Independence | 181 |
The Mandate of the Electoral Process | 182 |
Voter Registration | 183 |
The Electoral Laws | 186 |
Registration of Political Parties | 190 |
Voter Education and Campaigning | 191 |
The Elections | 198 |
To Independence | 201 |
The UNs Performance | 202 |
Conclusion | 204 |
Impacts and Perceptions | 207 |
Economic Impacts | 212 |
Understanding of the Local Population | 214 |
Perceptions of Success | 215 |
Discussion | 216 |
Conclusion | 217 |
The Effectiveness of UNTAG | 219 |
UNTAGs Success and the Key Determinants | 220 |
How UNTAG Could have been Improved | 225 |
UN Peacekeeping The Implications of UNTAG | 236 |
Conclusion | 240 |
Appendix 1 List of Interviews | 243 |
Appendix 2 Resolution 435 | 249 |
Bibliography | 255 |
United Nations Documents | 264 |
Index | 267 |
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Common terms and phrases
According activities Administrator Affairs Ahtisaari Angola appeared approach Assistance base border centres chapter Churches civilian CIVPOL Code command commencement component concerns concluded Conduct conflict continued contributed critical demonstrated described discussion effective elections electoral ensure established example fact factor fighting Finally forces Foreign free and fair given Government important included increase independence initially International Interview intimidation involved issue June Koevoet laws leaders major mandate mediation meetings military mission monitoring Namibia negotiations observers occurred Ondangwa organisation Ovambo particularly peace peacekeeping operations personnel PLAN police political parties position potential presence problems reform regarding regional resolution response resulted role SADF Secretary Security Council seen settlement significant situation South Africans Special Representative strategies successful SWAPO transition UN's United Nations UNTAG operation UNTAG personnel violence Windhoek York
Popular passages
Page 8 - To maintain international peace and security; and to that end to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace and the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means adjustment or settlement of international disputes which may lead to a breach of the peace; 2.
Page 250 - South Africa's illegal administration of Namibia and the transfer of power to the people of Namibia with the assistance of the United Nations in accordance with resolution 385 (1976); 3.
Page 7 - We the peoples of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and...
Page 166 - ... electoral process, including the proper registration of voters and the proper and timely tabulation and publication of voting results will also have to be conducted to the satisfaction of the Special Representative. 7. The following requirements will be fulfilled to the satisfaction of the United Nations Special Representative in order to meet the objective of free and fair elections: a. Prior to the beginning of the electoral campaign, the Administrator General will repeal all remaining discriminatory...
Page 58 - Council resolution 431 (1978), namely, to ensure the early independence of Namibia through free and fair elections under the supervision and control of the United Nations; 4.
Page 8 - Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security.
Page 166 - C. All Namibian refugees or Namibians detained or otherwise outside the territory of Namibia will be permitted to return peacefully and participate fully and freely in the electoral process without risk of arrest, detention, intimidation or imprisonment. Suitable entry points will be designated for these purposes.
Page 250 - Secretary-General in the implementation of this resolution ; 6. Declares that all unilateral measures taken by the illegal administration in Namibia in relation to the electoral process, including unilateral registration of voters, or transfer of power, in contravention of Security Council resolutions 383 (1976), 431 (1978) and this resolution are null and void; 7.
Page 9 - Nations practice has evolved over the years, a peace-keeping operation has come to be defined as an operation involving military personnel, but without enforcement powers, undertaken by the United Nations to help maintain or restore international peace and security in areas of conflict. These operations are voluntary and are based on consent and co-operation. While they involve the use of military personnel, they achieve their objectives not by force of arms, thus contrasting them with the "enforcement...
Page 37 - The Mandatory shall promote to the utmost the material and moral well-being and the social progress of the inhabitants of the territory subject to the present Mandate.
References to this book
Leveraging for Success in United Nations Peace Operations Jean Krasno,Bradd C. Hayes,Donald C. Daniel No preview available - 2003 |