been conducting such research in order to quantitatively identify the degree to which S02 emissions may contribute to possibly adverse secondary effects.

While these effects might possibly occur if emissions were

to remain uncurbed, long-term control measures have been or are being implemented in the Nation: new source performance standards are being established, lower sulfur fuels are being utilized, alternative energy sources such as nuclear plants, have been or are being utilized, and older coal-fired sources will be phased out in coming decades so that 2 sulfur oxide emissions will be decreased.

Furthermore, figure shows

that man-made sources contribute less than one-third of the total sulfur compounds to the atmosphere. This, in combination with the selfcleansing capability of the atmosphere, make it very improbable that atmospheric sulfur constituents will increase to injurious levels.

SO2 emissions in the Tennessee Valley region will

decrease in future years as TVA retires its coal

fired plants and replaces them with nuclear plants.

Consequently, there is a low probability of health or welfare effects attributable either directly or secondarily to these emissions. The application of presently unattainable continuous flue gas desulfurization processes to existing sources in the TVA region is not justified. The application of sulfur dioxide emission limitation programs for isolated individual sources such as TVA power plants is both appropriate and

achievable.

1496

NO CONTROL

ཀ

February 1968

March 1968

CONSECUTIVE DAYS

JANUARY 1, 1968 - MARCH 31, 1968

Primary 24-Hour Ambient S02 Standard Level

C

с

с

C

JANUARY 1, 1972 - MARCH 31, 1972

TYPICAL AVERAGE DAILY AMBIENT SO, CONCENTRATIONS

BEFORE AND AFTER, IMPLEMENTATION OF AN SO2 EMISSION LIMITATION (SDEL) PROGRAM

Figure 1

Wind-
blown
sea

salt

218

CLEAN AIR ACT OVERSIGHT

TUESDAY, MAY 14, 1974

U.S. SENATE,

COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,

Washington, D.C.

The subcommittee met at 9:30 a.m., pursuant to recess, in room 4200, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Jennings Randolph (chairman of the full committee) presiding.

Present: Senators Randolph, Clark, Baker, Buckley, Stafford, McClure, and Domenici.

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JENNINGS

RANDOLPH, U.S.

SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

Senator RANDOLPH. A pleasant good morning, ladies and gentlemen. As I am sure our guests and witnesses who are here today on the stand know, this is the second day of our series of oversight hearings by the Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution. We have been directing our attention to the implementation of the Clean Air Act.

Before us yesterday were those persons who are executives and policymakers in the utility industry in our country. This morning we come to those witnesses who are knowledgeable in the area of the problems that face the steel industry in our country.

It is my understanding that the testimony will be presented by Mr. Tucker and Mr. Mallick. I believe they will be accompanied by others, but their two statements will, in a sense, be the presentation from that industry.

I want, however, flexibility, and so you gentlemen will decide that. Then later in the hearing we shall hear Mr. Frank Milliken, the President of Kennecott Copper Corp.

At this time, if the gentlemen I named will come forward and make yourselves available for the subcommittee, we would appreciate it.

I want the record also to indicate that the chairman of our subcommittee, Senator Muskie, of Maine, is not able to preside this morning. Some of you may know that we are having attention given at 10:30 on the Senate floor to the committee's amendments to H.R. 14368, the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974. Senator Muskie will be actively participating in that discussion. It will last for 111⁄2 hours, with a vote presumably coming before or at 12 o'clock.

(185)

Now we will proceed. We will be gratified to hear what you have to say. We are certain that your counsel will be helpful in our later determination of these matters of importance.

STATEMENT OF FRED E. TUCKER, VICE PRESIDENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, NATIONAL STEEL CORP.; ACCOMPANIED BY EARL W. MALLICK, VICE PRESIDENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, UNITED STATES STEEL CORP.; DAVID ANDERSON, MANAGER, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CONTROL, BETHLEHEM STEEL CORP.; JOHN E. BARKER, DIRECTOR, ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, ARMCO STEEL CORP.; AND FRANK K. ARMOUR, VICE PRESIDENT, ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH, INTERLAKE, INC.

Mr. TUCKER. Thank you, Senator Randolph.

Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution of the Senate Public Works Committee, my name is Fred E. Tucker, vice president, environmental control for National Steel Corp.

Approximately 10 years ago I first appeared before this committee to comment on air quality legislation and the steel industry's progress in air pollution control.

Much has happened during that 10-year period in air quality control both here in Washington and in the steel industry. We have tried to keep you fully informed about our progress and problems in meeting the statutory requirements of legislation developed by this committee. This is once again the purpose of our presence.

The five industry panelists here today will file a prepared statement on behalf of all domestic steel companies who are members of the American Iron and Steel Institute. These panelists also have full responsibility for air quality control for five separate steel companies and from that vantage point they can share with you the experiences of their own companies in efforts to comply with the Clean Air Act of 1970.

I would like to introduce Earl W. Mallick, vice president, environmental control for United States Steel Corp.; David M. Anderson, manager for environmental quality control for Bethlehem Steel Corp.; John E. Barker, director, Armco Environmental Engineering for Armco Steel Corp., and Frank K. Armour, vice president, engineering and research for Interlake, Inc.

Mr. Mallick and Mr. Barker chair the principal committees of the environmental control in the American Iron and Steel Institute and Mr. Barker is also the domestic steel industry's representative to the International Iron and Steel Institute.

In a separate statement for the record we have included information on the financial problems facing the steel industry. It shows that steel capacity in this country will have to be increased 20 million to 25 million net tons between now and 1980. It is estimated that the industry will have to spend $3.5 billion per year in 1973 dollars over the next several years to construct this additional capacity plus meet the needs of environmental control and OSHA regulations.