assure that equipment and energyusing systems operate effectively and efficiently.

"Meter" means to measure actual energy use by type over a given period of time.

"New Federal building" means any Federal building for which construction was not completed prior to November 9, 1978, and the design of which can be feasibly modified after the effective date of these Guidelines.

"Operation" means the operation of equipment and energy-using systems in a building to achieve or maintain specified levels of environmental conditions or service.

"Owned" means to hold title to the Federal building in fee simple.

"Passive Solar Energy System" means a solar energy system characterized by reliance on natural convection, conduction and radiation, and by heat collection and storage devices that are structurally integrated with the occupied space, such as storage walls, storage roof, greenhouse, atrium or sunspace, thermosyphon hot water system, reflector assemblies, shading devices or reflective surfaces or glazings.

"Renewable energy sources" means sunlight, wind, geothermal, biomass, solid wastes, or other renewable sources of energy.

"Renewable energy system" means a building system which is specifically designed to use renewable energy sources to meet all or part of building energy use.

"Retrofit" means to install an alternative building system in an existing Federal building.

"Technical survey" means an energy survey, as defined by section 545 of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act, including a technical analysis to identify appropriate alternative building systems.

§ 436.42 Scope of buildings plans.

(a) The Buildings Plans prepared by Federal agencies under these guidelines are 10-year plans for the reduction of building energy use in Federal buildings under their jurisdiction or control Buildings Plans are to be prepared as part of the Overall Energy Management Plan required of each

Federal agency under Executive Order 11912, as amended. The other part of each Overall Energy Management Plan is a General Operations Plan which covers energy conservation for all other energy use by a Federal agency including energy use in Federal buildings excluded from the Buildings Plan pursuant to § 436.42(b).

(b) Federal buildings in which a substantial amount of energy is consumed for purposes other than building energy use and is not separately metered may be excluded from the Buildings Plan. Energy use and energysaving actions for Federal buildings excluded from the Buildings Plans under this section should be included in the General Operations Plan.

(c) Information from the Buildings Plans prepared under these guidelines will be incorporated into the President's 10-year plan for energy conservation with respect to buildings owned or leased by Federal agencies under section 381(a)(2) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended.

(d) The Buildings Plans and these guidelines provide for actions which are expected to contribute to fulfilling the requirements of Title V, Part 3, of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act.

§ 436.43

General Information in a buildings plan.

The following general information shall be included in a Buildings Plan(a) The name and title of a senior policymaking official such as an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Administrator who is responsible for supervising preparation, updating, and execution of the Buildings Plan;

(b) A statement describing the Federal agency's overall energy program and management objectives, as well as how they have been integrated with management objectives designed to achieve the primary mission of the Federal agency;

(c) A description of procedures to ensure effective implementation of the Buildings Plan; and

(d) A statement describing the specific actions taken to ensure compliance with the National Environmental

Policy Act, as amended, and Executive Order 12088.

§ 436.44 Goals in the buildings plan.

(a) The goals calculated under this section shall be stated in the Buildings Plan and are established pursuant to Executive Order 11912, as amended. Consistent with applicable requirements for life cycle cost analyses under Subpart A of this part, each Federal agency shall aim to achieve the goals to the maximum extent practicable unless a waiver is granted under § 436.54.

(b) The overall goal of a Federal agency for owned existing Federal buildings shall be a 20 percent reduction in average energy use per gross square foot of floor area in FY 1985, from the average energy use per gross square foot of floor area of the Federal agency in FY 1975 as calculated under §§ 436.44(d) and 436.45.

(c) The overall goal of a Federal agency for owned and leased new Federal buildings shall be a 45 percent reduction in average energy use per gross square foot of floor area in FY 1985, from the average energy use per gross square foot of floor area of the Federal agency in FY 1975 as calculated under §§ 436.44(d) and 436.45.

(d) The average energy use per gross square foot of floor space in FY 1975 is the total building energy use, as expressed in Btu's, measured in accordance with § 436.45, divided by the total gross square footage for owned Federal buildings in service on June 30, 1975, except for those excluded under § 436.42(b).

(e) Each Federal agency shall separately state a goal for reducing building energy use for leased existing Federal buildings and the basis therefor.

(f) For the purpose of promoting reduced dependence on scarce fossil fuels in planning to achieve overall building goals under this section in a manner consistent with subpart A of this Part, each Federal agency shall provide in its Buildings Plan goals

(1) For installing renewable energy systems in existing and new Federal buildings; and

(2) For a reduction of 30 percent in use of petroleum-based fuels by FY 1985 compared to FY 1975.

§ 436.45 Measurement of energy.

Energy use or energy savings shall be calculated using the following Btu conversion table, except that a Federal agency may use the conversion factors of a standard engineering reference manual or other reliable reference for energy sources which are not listed. For electricity and purchased steam, figures for energy use required by these guidelines shall reflect both of the given values in the conversion table; however, in calculating energy costs for life cycle costing purposes, only the conversion values of 3,412 Btu's per kilowatt hour of electricity and 1,000 Btu's per pound of steam shall be used.

Energy Source Btu Conversion Table Electricity: 11,600 and 3,412 Btu per kilowatt hour."

Fuel oil (distillate): 5,825,400 Btu per barrel. Residual Fuel: 6,287,000 Btu per barrel. Natural Gas: 1,030,000 Btu per thousand cubic feet.

Liquified Petroleum Gas (including propane and butane): 4,011,000 Btu per barrel. Coal: 24,500,000 Btu per short ton. Purchased Steam: 1,390 and 1,000 Btu per pound."

§ 436.46 Incorporating ongoing plans.

(a) The Building Plans shall include information on existing Federal buildings which, as a result of energysaving actions such as changes in operation and maintenance practices or installation of alternative building systems occurring between October 1, 1975, and September 30, 1980, have made progress toward the 20 percent goal set forth in § 436.44.

(b) The information on existing Federal buildings under § 436.46(a) shall include by fiscal year and category

(1) The number and gross square footage of Federal buildings in which energy-saving actions occurred or are already budgeted to occur;

(2) A description of the energysaving actions, particularly those involving renewable energy systems,

2 The conversion values of 11,600 Btu per kilowatt hour of electricity and 1,390 Btu per pound of steam reflect transmission and generation losses.

which were taken or are budgeted to occur;

(3) Total energy savings as expressed in Btu's calculated in accordance with § 436.45;

(4) Energy savings in average energy use, as expressed in Btu's per gross square foot of floor area calculated in accordance with § 436.45;

(5) Energy cost savings; and

(6) Costs of achieving the savings.

§ 436.47 Programs to be planned.

Each Buildings Plan to achieve the goals under § 436.44 shall be based

on

(a) The conduct of technical surveys, under § 436.48;

(b) The initiation of changes in operation and maintenance practices under § 436.49;

(c) The retrofitting of existing Federal buildings with alternative building systems under § 436.50;

(d) The evaluation of alternative building designs for new Federal buildings under § 436.51; and

(e) The maximum use of renewable energy systems consistent with these guidelines.

§ 436.48 Technical surveys.

(a) This section sets forth the requirements for the conduct of technical surveys and the use of the results of such surveys in the development and execution of a Buildings Plan under this subpart.

(b) A technical survey of any Federal building shall include

(1) A description of major changes in functional use or mode of operation, if any, planned in the next five years, such as demolition, sale, reconstruction, or conversion from office to warehouse;

of

(2) For a building in excess 200,000 gross square feet, if available(i) Peak electric demand for both daily and annual cycles; and

(ii) Annual energy use by fuel type of major mechanical or electrical system if the information is available or can be reasonably estimated;

(3) Terminal heating or cooling, or both, such as radiators, unit ventilators, fancoil units, or double-duct reheat systems;

(4) Information regarding site, building, and heating and hot water systems related to solar energy or other renewable source potential including

(i) An indication of whether open land, such as fields, yards and parking areas, is available within the immediate vicinity of the building which is not heavily shaded by tall buildings, trees or other obstructions;

(ii) A statement of whether the building is located generally within an urban, suburban or rural area;

(iii) An approximation of whether more than half the building's roof area or southern oriented wall surface is heavily shaded by shrubs, trees, buildings or other obstructions for more than about four hours per day; (iv) The number of stories;

(v) A general description of the building's shape, such as square, rectangular, E-shaped, H-shaped or Lshaped;

(vi) An indication of whether the roof is flat or pitched, and if pitched whether it has a southern orientation;

(vii) Whether there are existing roof-top obstructions, such as chimneys, space conditioning equipment, water towers, mechanical rooms, stairwells or other permanent structures;

(viii) An indication of the exterior material of the southern facing wall, such as masonry, wood, aluminum;

(ix) An approximation of the proportion of glass area of the southern facing wall, such as less than 25 percent, 25-75 percent, more than 75 percent;

(x) Location of primary space heating and water heating systems

(A) Whether outside of or within the building;

(B) If within the building, whether on the ground floor, or on the roof, and

(C) If within the building whether centrally located, in multiple units, or a combination thereof;

(5) A description of general building conditions;

(c) A technical survey shall include an analysis of a building to identify the energy and cost savings likely to be realized as a result of implementing all energy conservation maintenance and operating procedures appropriate for the type of building, including

(1) Effective operation of ventilation systems and control of infiltration conditions, including—

(i) Repair of caulking or weatherstripping around windows and doors;

(ii) Reduction of outside air intake, shutting down ventilation systems in unoccupied areas, and shutting down ventilation systems when the building is not occupied; and

(iii) Assuring central or unitary ventilation controls, or both, are operating properly;

(2) Changes in the operation of heating or cooling systems through—

(i) Lowering or raising indoor temperatures;

(ii) Locking thermostats;

(iii) Adjusting supply or heat transfer medium temperatures; and

(iv) Reducing or eliminating heating or cooling at night or at times when a building or complex is unoccupied;

(3) Changes in the operation of lighting systems through—

(i) Reducing illumination levels; (ii) Maximizing use of daylight; (iii) Using higher efficiency lamps; and

(iv) Reducing or eliminating evening cleaning of buildings;

(4) Changes in the operation of water systems through—

(i) Repairing leaks;

(ii) Reducing the quantity of water used, e.g., flow restrictors;

(iii) Lowering settings for hot water temperatures;

(iv) Raising settings for chilled water temperatures; and

(5) Changes in the maintenance and operating procedures of the utility plant and distribution system through

(i) Cleaning equipment; (ii) Adjusting air/fuel ratio; (iii) Monitoring combustion; (iv) Adjusting fan, motor, or belt drive systems;

(v) Maintaining steam traps; and (vi) Repairing distribution pipe insulation; and

(6) Such other action as each Federal agency may determine useful or necessary.

(d) A technical survey shall also include an analysis of a building to identify and evaluate, one or more appropriate energy conservation measures,

including measures for conversion to renewable energy sources. Such analysis shall include—

(1) The estimated energy consumption of the building at peak efficiency (assuming implementation of all appropriate operations and maintenance procedures);

(2) The building's potential for solar conversion, particularly for water heating systems;

(3) All recommendations for acquisition and installation of energy conservation measures (including the potential for conversion to renewable energy sources) setting forth

(i) A description of each recommended energy conservation measure;

(ii) An estimate of the cost of each such energy conservation measure;

(iii) An estimate of the energy and energy cost savings expected from acquisition and installation of each energy conservation measure; and

(iv) A life cycle cost analysis of each energy conservation measure in accordance with Subpart A of this part; and

(4) Any additional analyses considered appropriate by each Federal agency.

(e) In developing a Buildings Plan, each Federal agency shall plan a retrofit program under § 436.50(a) on the basis of the results of technical surveys of a representative sample of its Federal buildings. The sample may include previously conducted studies substantially complying with the content of a technical survey under these guidelines.

(f) Technical surveys are required for all Federal buildings to be retrofitted in order to meet the 20 percent energy use reduction goal, except that such a building that is substantially identical to another building that has already been surveyed need not have a separate survey. For all buildings to be retrofitted that require specific and separate justification of the need for and cost of retrofit before appropriations can be received for that purpose, Federal agencies shall schedule the technical surveys for completion not later than December 31, 1982. For all other buildings to be retrofitted, such as those for which retrofitting may be funded from a revolving fund for oper

ation and maintenance without the need for individual and specific justification before appropriations may be received, Federal agencies shall schedule technical surveys for completion in most cases by December 31, 1983, but in no case any later than June 30, 1984.

(g) Distinguishing between owned and leased existing Federal buildings, the Buildings Plan should estimate, by fiscal year through FY 1985, the number and gross square footage of existing Federal buildings to be surveyed and the cost of such surveys to the Federal agency.

(h) Provisions of the Buildings Plan applicable to the technical surveys, those particularly estimating the number and gross square footage of buildings to be surveyed through FY 1985 and the cost of such surveys, shall be updated under § 436.53.

§ 436.49 Operation and maintenance program.

(a) Each Federal agency shall provide in its Buildings Plan for appropriate improvements in operation and maintenance practices.

(b) Distinguishing between owned and leased existing Federal buildings, the Buildings Plan shall identify by fiscal year through FY 1985

(1) The types of operation and maintenance practices to be initiated;

(2) Program goals under this section; (3) The number of existing Federal buildings to be affected by planned changes;

(4) The gross square footage affected by changes;

(5) Estimated or actual energy savings, as measured in accordance with § 435.45;

(6) Estimated or actual cost savings; and

(7) Estimated or actual costs of achieving the energy savings and cost savings.

(c) Each Federal agency shall provide in its Buildings Plan for progress toward achievement of the goals for existing Federal buildings under § 436.44 by the maximum practicable changes in operation and maintenance practices.

(d) Provisions of the Buildings Plan applicable to the Operation and Main

tenance Program, particularly those estimates of the cost of actions taken, and the energy and cost savings of such actions, through FY 1985, shall be updated under § 436.53.

§ 436.50 Retrofit program for existing Federal buildings.

(a) Consistent with §§ 436.48 and 436.49(c) and on the basis of preliminary energy audit data and technical surveys, each Federal agency shall provide in its Buildings Plan for progress toward achievement of the goals for existing Federal buildings under § 436.44 by retrofitting its existing Federal buildings with alternative building systems which are life cycle cost effective to the Federal agency as measured by a savings to investment ratio calculated under Subpart A of this part and are selected in accordance with this section.

(b) In planning for the retrofit of existing Federal buildings with life cycle cost-effective alternative building systems, each Federal agency shall provide in its Buildings Plan to assign highest priority to those existing Federal buildings in which installation of alternative building systems is likely to be most life-cycle cost-effective.

(c) Distinguishing between owned and leased existing Federal buildings, the Buildings Plan should, for each fiscal year

(1) Indicate the number and gross square footage of Federal buildings to be retrofitted with alternative building systems;

(2) Describe the types of alternative building systems expected to be used; (3) State the estimated or actual energy savings as measured in accordance with § 436.45;

(4) State the estimated or actual cost savings; and

(5) State the estimated or actual costs of achieving estimated energy savings and cost savings.

(d) With respect to alternative building systems which use renewable energy sources, the Buildings Plan shall

(1) State the number and gross square footage of Federal buildings to be retrofitted;