Water Resources Management and the EnvironmentCRC Press, 2001 M01 1 - 448 pages Addressing the techno-socio-economic challenges involved in the protection, conservation, recycling and equitable utilization of water as an economic good, this text explores the linkages and dynamics of interactions involving water, and includes the following key topic areas: dynamics of interactions involving water; water quality; augmentation and conservation of water resources; wastewater reuse systems; use of water in agriculture; industrial and municipal uses of water; water pollution; economics and management of water supplies; etiology of water-related diseases; climate change impacts on water resources and paradigms of water resource management. |
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Contents
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
12 From Rainwater to terrestrial waters | 3 |
13 Water Cycle | 5 |
14 World Water Balance | 14 |
15 Hydrogeology of surface water | 22 |
16 Hydrogeology of groundwater | 25 |
17 Dimensions of water resources management | 47 |
18 Global databases for water resources | 52 |
614 Methodology of optimal irrigation management | 223 |
615 Nile Delta A case study | 226 |
References | 227 |
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL USES OF WATER | 229 |
72 Use of water in industry | 230 |
73 Municipal use of water | 233 |
74 Miscellaneous uses of water | 235 |
75 Medicinal industrial and thermal waters | 236 |
References | 55 |
DYNAMICS OF INTERACTIONS INVOLVING WATER | 57 |
22 Temporal and spatial changes in water composition | 61 |
23 Evolution of water chemistry in the water cycle | 65 |
24 Role of water in the secondary processes | 67 |
25 Chemical and isotopic tracing | 73 |
26 Thermodynamics of hydrogeochemical processes | 80 |
27 Role of microorganisms in hydrochemical interactions | 81 |
28 Hydrochemistry and freshwater ecosystems | 84 |
29 Geochemistry of water rock interaction | 85 |
210 Evolution of groundwater quality in a wet zone | 97 |
211 Biogeochemcal cycles | 100 |
WATER QUALITY | 103 |
321 Areas of science and technology involved in water quality | 104 |
33 Water quality in relation to water use | 112 |
34 Water quality monitoring systems | 116 |
35 Quality of surface waters | 119 |
36 Quality of groundwater | 125 |
References | 134 |
AUGMENTATION AND CONSERVATION OF WATER RESOURCES | 137 |
42 Harvesting of surface runoff | 139 |
43 Groundwater recharge | 146 |
44 Tapping of groundwater inflow into the sea | 148 |
45 Amelioration of mine water | 150 |
46 Desalinization of salt water | 156 |
157 | |
WASTEWATER REUSE SYSTEMS | 159 |
52 Conventional wastewater treatment | 160 |
53 Biopond treatment of waste water | 166 |
54 Types of wastewater reuse | 170 |
55 Use of wastewater in irrigation | 175 |
56 Economics of wastewater reuse | 181 |
57 Health hazards in wastewater reuse | 182 |
58 Use of sewage sludge as fertilizer | 183 |
References | 185 |
USE OF WATER IN AGRICULTURE | 187 |
62 Reservoir management | 191 |
63 Natural water system in an agricultural region | 201 |
64 Soil moisture | 203 |
65 Why crop plants need water | 206 |
66 Water use yield relationships | 208 |
67 SPAC Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum | 209 |
69 Infiltration under various irrigation regimes | 214 |
610 Irrigation scheduling | 217 |
611 Irrigation efficiency | 218 |
613 Environmental impact of irrigation | 222 |
References | 239 |
WATER POLLUTION | 241 |
82 Leachates from solid wastes sourcewise | 242 |
83 Pollution from liquid wastes sourcewise | 248 |
84 Contaminants typewise | 252 |
85 Anthropogenic acidification of waters | 260 |
86 Water pollution arising from waste disposal | 262 |
87 Transport of contaminant solutes in aquifers | 267 |
88 Flushing and aquifer cleanup | 280 |
References | 281 |
ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLIES | 283 |
92 Water resource inventories | 285 |
93 Economic value of water | 289 |
94 Price coordination of water supplies | 295 |
95 Optimization methods in water management | 300 |
96 Allocation of water to competing users | 303 |
Reference | 308 |
ETIOLOGY OF DISEASES ARISING FROM TOXIC ELEMENTS IN DRINKING WATER | 311 |
102 Arseniasis | 314 |
103 Fluorosis | 328 |
104 Risk Assessment | 335 |
References | 337 |
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT | 339 |
112 Climate shifts during the Holocene | 342 |
113 Climate Change Water and Health | 345 |
114 Climate Change impacts on aquatic ecosystems | 348 |
115 Climate Change and the Hydrological Cycle | 351 |
116 Climate Change impacts on water supplies | 352 |
117 Adaptation Scenarios | 354 |
References | 357 |
PARADIGMS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT | 359 |
122 Groundwater protection | 365 |
123 Groundwater monitoring systems | 370 |
124 Conjunctive use of water resources | 376 |
125 Water management under drought conditions | 379 |
126 Water management under flood conditions | 384 |
127 Planning of sustainable water supply systems | 388 |
128 Global freshwater supply crisis | 393 |
129 Decision support system for water resources management | 396 |
1210 Epilogue | 398 |
References | 402 |
EXERCISES | 405 |
APPENDICES | 409 |
415 | |
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Common terms and phrases
acid agriculture Appelo & Postma aquifer aquitard arsenic atmosphere bacteria basin Ca2+ calcite carbon chemical climate change coastal concentration contaminants countries crop discharge dissolved drainage drinking water drought economic effluent El Niño environmental evaporation evapotranspiration Figure flood flow flux global groundwater HCO3 heavy metals hydrological hydrosphere impact increase industrial infiltration irrigation isotopes Klimentov 1983 km² km³ yr L'vovich lakes land leachate leaching Meybeck minerals monitoring nutrients oceans organic matter oxidation parameters permeability pesticides plants pollution precipitation processes protection rainfall rainwater rainwater harvesting recharge redox reduce regions reservoirs reuse river rocks salinity salt sediments sewage sludge soil moisture solids storage surface runoff surface water Table Tanzania temperature tion Total Dissolved Solids toxic treatment UNESCO waste water wastewater water cycle water quality water resources water supply yr¹ zone