------------- ----- -------- --- -- Table I-6 – Projected total solid waste quantities.---- generation, resource recovery, and disposal, 1971-90.1-8 –Treatment/disposal cost-Inorganic Chemicals Industry --I-9 -Hazardous waste stream data--------------1-10—Summary data for nonradioactive waste streams.--I-11—U.S. industrial waste generation (1975 data) -----1-12–Hazardous waste quantities (1975 data)---------------------I-13— Projected growth of combined waste quantities for four repre sentative industries (inorganic chemicals, paper, steel, and non ferrous smelting)--I-14—International status of hazardous waste management legislation.. 1-15—Breakdown of information on the State hazardous discarded materials management program.-1-16— Preliminary estimate of the relationship between disposal method and damage mechanism.-----1-17—U.S. consumption of raw materials, 1900-69.. 1-18–Projected growth factors for GNP, personal consumer expendi tures, and raw materials consumption.-------1-19—U.S. imports exceed exports of raw and processed materials----(-20% Percentage of U.S. mineral requirements imported during 1972.1-21—The role of minerals in the U.S. economy----I-22—Direct Federal procurement expenditures as a percent of domestic output of that commodity, 1970. -----I-23–Summary of recycled fibers required in General Services Admin istration procurements, fiscal year 1972.--1-24—Comparison of virgin material tax benefits and prices ---I-25—Comparison of virgin material tax benefits with virgin and secondary material product cost differential. -II-1 – Estimated paper flow for 1973--II-2 — Domestic paper recycling rate: 1944 to 1973.------II-3 — Postconsumer residential and commercial solid waste generation and recycle: Detailed product-source categories, 1973--------II-4 — Potential for additional recovery of paper from postconsumer solid waste through source separation, by type of paper, 1973. II-5 —Postconsumer waste and maximum material recycle potentials relative to U.S. consumption and production for selected mate rials, 1971------II-6 – Estimate of practical maximum impact of increased material recycling on annual municipal waste disposal and virgin material demand.----- ----III-1 — Maximum possible energy savings from source reduction, energy recovery, recycling, and improved collection.. III-2 —Combined energy savings from three maximum possible energy conservation scenarios for 1972----------III-3 — Energy potentially recoverable from wastes, 1971.--III-4 — Energy potentially recoverable from wastes, 1980 summary ----III-5 –Energy savings of source reduction program-reusable beer and soft drink containers (1971)----III-6 – Energy savings of source reduction program-reusable beer and soft drink containers (1980) ------III–7 –Energy savings of source reduction program-decreased packaging materials (excluding beverage containers) (1971 and 1980)---III-8 — Energy savings of source reduction program- decreased packaging consumption. III-9 –Energy potentially recoverable from residential and commercial solid waste -III-10—Potential for resource recovery plant installation------III-11-Energy efficiency values: Waste to energy projects -----III-12—National energy savings from maximum possible recycling of aluminum, ferrous, and glass fractions of postconsumer solid waste----IV-1 - Projected implementation of energy recovery systems by 1980.-IV-2 – Pounds of waste/person/day---IV-3 —Capacity tonnage of refuse fired steam generators, installed or under construction.... V-1 - The Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965-- -- 1 1 -------------- ----------- INTRODUCTION “Discarded materials” is a term that encompasses a variety of materials frequently labeled as “Solid Waste”: garbage, refuse, waste treatment plant sludge, as well as residuals from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and community activities. Recent figures indicate that total materials discarded annually to be 2.8 billion tons dry weight, 135 million tons being post-consumer discarded materials. The cost of collecting and disposing of these discarded materials ranges in the astronomical figures of $4 to $6 billion annually. The primary method of disposing of discarded materials is through landfills. In addition to the fact that the cost of landfilling discarded materials is rapidly increasing, 48 of the larger cities in the United States will run out of available landfill within 5 years, and some cities like Jersey City, Kansas City and Boston, already have exhausted their present landfill capacity. Confronted with the growing problem of how to dispose of billions of tons per year of discarded materials within a limited amount of space the Subcommittee examined the contents of such discarded materials for alternative uses. The enclosed materials illustrate that the existing discarded material can be utilized, dependent on how it is prepared and separated, to produce steam, oil, gas or to recover valuable and scarce metals and paper. Further, the residues in many processes can be used in cement or asphalt, or at the very least, to produce a sanitary landfill. The recovery of energy or materials from discarded material is an approach that can help the nation achieve energy independence, conserve natural resources, lower our balance of payments, lessen our dependence on foreign materials, remove the garbage from our city streets in a sanitary manner and protect our surface and underground drinking water from leachate. The following pages present the facts of the problem and the fascinating potential uses of what is presently discarded material. It is hoped that this Subcommittee can transform what is presently a problem into a lasting benefit. FRED B. ROONEY, Transportation and Commerce. (1) |