Threat of Terrorism and Government Responses to Terrorism: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, First Session, September 11, 1989, Volume 4

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U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990 - 113 pages

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Page 92 - To this end, the study is sponsored jointly by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict (OASD/SO/LIC) and the Office of the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs (DOS/R).
Page 67 - While many specialized agencies, such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO...
Page 75 - COMPREHENSIVE CRIME CONTROL ACT OF 1984." WHICH CREATED A NEW SECTION IN THE US CRIMINAL CODE FOR HOSTAGE TAKING. AND THE "OMNIBUS DIPLOMATIC SECURITY AND ANTITERRORISM - 3 ACT OF 1986.
Page 52 - Question is not merely one of words. These are two different concepts with entirely different operational implications. If terrorism is considered a criminal matter, we are concerned with gathering evidence, correctly determining the culpability of the individual or individuals responsible for a particular act, and apprehending and bringing the perpetrators to trial. Dealing with terrorism as a criminal matter, however, presents a number of problems. Evidence is extremely difficult to gather in an...
Page 22 - It is probably one of the most difficult things that we have ever been able to undertake.
Page 52 - The United States may also find that it has a new political ally in its efforts to combat terrorism. For reasons of its own, the Soviet Union seems to have backed away from its wholehearted support for the various struggle movements whose arsenals have frequently included terrorist tactics. The Soviets also fear that they may increasingly become the targets of terrorist attacks abroad and at home. Therefore, they have begun to explore the possibilities of US -Soviet cooperation against terrorism....
Page 74 - US interests, or foreign nationals within the United States. The response phase involves prompt and effective investigation of criminal acts committed by members of terrorist groups. It is the FBI's view that...
Page 76 - HOST COUNTRY APPROVAL AND COORDINATION WITH THE US DEPARTMENT OF STATE ARE PREREQUISITES AND ESSENTIAL TO THE SUCCESSFUL USE OF THIS JURISDICTION. THESE STATUTES HAVE PROVIDED THE UNITED STATES WITH A LEGAL MECHANISM TO INVESTIGATE AND, WHEN WARRANTED.
Page 53 - The use of military force as a response to terrorist provocation cannot be ruled out. Terrorist groups offer few targets for conventional military attack, however, and it may be desirable to explore the possibility of inventing new rules that allow us to legitimately wage some kind of warfare against groups instead of governments. Military force is more likely to be used in response to state-sponsored terrorism. The American raid on Libya in 1986 did not end that country's sponsorship of terrorism,...
Page 53 - Apprehending terrorists abroad is also difficult. Moreover, the criminal approach does not provide an entirely satisfactory response to a continuing campaign of terrorism waged by a distant group, and it may not work against a state sponsor of terrorism. If, on the other hand, we view terrorism as war, we are less concerned with individual culpability. Proximate responsibility — for example, correct identification of the terrorist group — will do. We may be less fastidious about evidence: It...

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