1956-increases of 1,361 American citizens and 806 nationals of other countries. Included in the total were 180,998 employed by the executive departments-141,112 civilian employees in the Department of Defense; 25,303 in the Foreign Service of the Department of State (including ICA); 3,618 in the Department of the Interior; 3,681 in the Department of Commerce; 2,478 in the Post Office Department; 1,832 in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1,328 in the Department of Agriculture; 987 in the Department of the Treasury; 534 in the Department of Justice; and 125 in the Department of Labor. The independent agencies reported 25,188 overseas employees, a reduction of 182 in 1956. Agencies which employed a substantial number of persons in overseas areas in 1956 include the Panama Canal Company, 13,892; the United States Information Agency, 8,866; the Veterans' Administration, 1,240; and the American Battle Monuments Commission, 605. Overseas contract employees Data furnished to the committee, in response to its request, reflect a net decrease of 32,254 in overseas contract employees during the calendar year. The figures apply only to foreign nationals and do not include American citizens under contract for personal services either at home or abroad. Totals by department follow: Foreign nationals provided by contractual agreements Department of the Army-‒‒‒‒ 172, 818 According to these reports, the Department of the Army reduced the number of contractual employees during the last year by 23,959, and the Navy and Air Force reduced the number of such employees by 384 and 6,073, respectively. In the previous report, a total of 1,836 contract employees were reported by the International Cooperation Administration, Department of State. In the present report, a total of 2,507 foreign nationals paid from trust funds established by foreign governments were reported under the Administration's civilian personnel totals covering overseas employees and have not therefore been included in the above tabulation, since it is reported that these employees are in a different category from the overseas contract employees of the military departments. The inclusion of these employees would have increased the total by 2,507 or 4,674 more than were reported on January 1, 1956. THE LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL BRANCHES As of January 1, 1957, there were 22,190 employees in the legislative branch and 4,608 in the judicial branch, net increases of 363 and 262, respectively. Total employees in the legislative branch were reported as follows: Government Printing Office, 6,696 (including 438 field employees), an increase of 38 during 1956 (a provision of law requires the Public Printer to keep on the rolls only the number of employees the workload demands); General Accounting Office, 5,425 (72 overseas), a decrease of 201 since January 1, 1956; the Congress, 6,391 (2,400 in the Senate, an increase of 200; and 3,991 in the House of Representatives, an increase of 278); Library of Congress, 2,520; and the Architect of the Capitol, 1,158 (including employees in the Botanic Garden, the House restaurants, and in the grounds of the Supreme Court and the Library of Congress). The 4,608 employees in the judicial branch were distributed as follows: United States district courts, 3,727; courts of appeals, 364; Supreme Court and marshal's office, 193; Administrative Office of the United States Courts, 117; Court of Claims, 72; Customs Court, 76; Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, 26; Clerk of the Supreme Court, 18; and Territorial courts (Hawaii), 15. General Accounting Office On December 18, 1956, the Comptroller General established under his immediate jurisdiction an Office of Legislative Liaison. This Office is composed of a small group of highly qualified men responsible directly to the Comptroller General. This group will devote its full time to insure that the General Accounting Office gives the best possible service to the Congress and its committees by more directly reflecting congressional needs in its legal, investigative, accounting, and auditing programs. Each member of this small group is responsible for the liaison work with a selected number of the congressional committees. After careful study, the Comptroller General concluded that the investigative function of the General Accounting Office could be more effectively carried out if integrated with the accounting and auditing work, both in Washington and in the field. Effective July 1, 1956, the functions and duties of the Office of Investigations were transferred to the Civil Accounting and Auditing Division and the Defense Accounting and Auditing Division, to be carried out in the respective divisions under the general supervision of the directors of the divisions. In each division an assistant director is responsible to the director for supervision of investigative matters. ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL CHANGES IN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES SINCE JANUARY 1, 1956 The following is a summation of internal reorganizations and administrative changes effected during calendar year 1956 by the various departments of the executive branch of the Government, as reported to the committee: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE There were no major organizational changes in the Department during the 1956 calendar year; however, a few organizational adjustments were made at the divisional or branch level in some of the agencies, the most important of which are listed below. At the departmental level, the Division of Procurement and Property Management was transferred from the Office of Budget and Finance to the Office of Plant and Operations. As a result of this move, all administrative service functions, including all contractual, acquisition, and disposition operations relating to property management, are now located in a single staff office. During the 1957 calendar year, a new Office of Administrative Management will be established in the Department. (Secretary's Memorandum 1409, January 7, 1957.) This new staff office will provide general direction, leadership, and coordination in the fields of organization, work methods, and management in the Department. During 1956, the Department reported that it was faced with increased responsibilities in many program areas; consequently, an increase in personnel was necessary to meet these new obligations. On December 31, 1956, the total paid employment in the Department was 82,421 as compared with 76,358 reported a year ago. Included in this increase of 6,063 are 1,273 who were employed on a part-time and intermittent basis during the month of December. This increase in the number of part-time and intermittent employees occurred principally in the Farmers' Home Administration where a total of 6,411 State and county committeemen performed service in the month of December. These committeemen serve on a WAE basis and are compensated for an average of less than 10 days a year per committeeman. The increase in full-time employment in the Department of 4,632 employees, approximately 500 of whom hold temporary appointments, is attributable to greater activities in the following programs: Agricultural Marketing Service Expansion in marketing, economic, and statistical research; in marketing service programs, including inspection, grading, classing, regulatory, and other services to facilitate orderly marketing; in food distribution, school milk, and related programs with emphasis on the disposal of surpluses. Commodity Stabilization Service Increased activity in the surplus disposal programs, particularly the storage and disposal of grains; in transportation operations dealing with ocean shipments of surplus commodities under Public Law 480; in the performance phases of the acreage allotments and marketing quota programs. A Soil Bank Division was established to carry out the Department's new program responsibilities under title I (Soil Bank Act), Public Law 540, Agricultural Act of 1956. The Grain Division was reorganized to adjust to new program changes and to permit more efficient operations. Farmers' Home Administration The former Loan Division, which consisted of three branches, namely: Emergency Loan Branch, Real Estate Loan Branch, and Operating Loan Branch, was reorganized into three Loan Divisions. This action was taken because these types of loans to Farmers' Home Administration borrowers differ in nature, scope, and authorities; therefore, it was determined that it would be more efficient organizationally for these three major loan making functions to be operated as independent work units and thus afford a greater degree of authority and independent action. Forest Service A Division of Cooperative Tree Planting was established in the Branch of State and Private Forestry to facilitate the expansion of tree-planting programs under the Soil Bank Act. A new Division of Forest Pest Control was established to centralize all pest-control functions of the Service in a single organization. This adjustment is expected to bring about better coordination and leadership to this important activity. The Division of Land Utilization Projects was abolished and its functions consolidated with those of the Division of Lands. Expansion of activity in the national forest protection and management programs, including increased emphasis on the management of timber, range, wildlife, soil and water resources, and forest-fire protection, insects, disease, and utilization of forest products; increased activity in cooperative work and in the soil-bank program. Soil Conservation Service Increase in the planning and construction activities in the watershed protection program; in planning and layout assistance to soil conservation districts in the conservation-operation program; in initiating the rural-development program; in soil-survey activities in the Dust Bowl area and in the soil-bank program. A River Basin Branch was established in the Planning Division to pull together and give direction to the Service's activities and participation in investigations and surveys of watershed or rivers and other waterways authorized by section 6 of Public Law 566, 83d Congress. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE The Secretary of Commerce reported an increase of 4,199 employees and a number of organizational changes since January 1, 1956, as follows: Office of the Secretary The Office of Personnel Management was reorganized in May 1956, in order to clarify lines of authority and responsibility and to make possible improved direction and management of the Department's personnel program through separating and consolidating personnel operations from personnel staff work. As a result of this reorganization, all personnel operations for the Office of the Secretary, Busi ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL CHANGES IN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES SINCE JANUARY 1, 1956 The following is a summation of internal reorganizations and administrative changes effected during calendar year 1956 by the various departments of the executive branch of the Government, as reported to the committee: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE There were no major organizational changes in the Department during the 1956 calendar year; however, a few organizational adjustments were made at the divisional or branch level in some of the agencies, the most important of which are listed below. At the departmental level, the Division of Procurement and Property Management was transferred from the Office of Budget and Finance to the Office of Plant and Operations. As a result of this move, all administrative service functions, including all contractual, acquisition, and disposition operations relating to property management, are now located in a single staff office. During the 1957 calendar year, a new Office of Administrative Management will be established in the Department. (Secretary's Memorandum 1409, January 7, 1957.) This new staff office will provide general direction, leadership, and coordination in the fields of organization, work methods, and management in the Department. During 1956, the Department reported that it was faced with increased responsibilities in many program areas; consequently, an increase in personnel was necessary to meet these new obligations. On December 31, 1956, the total paid employment in the Department was 82,421 as compared with 76,358 reported a year ago. Included in this increase of 6,063 are 1,273 who were employed on a part-time and intermittent basis during the month of December. This increase in the number of part-time and intermittent employees occurred principally in the Farmers' Home Administration where a total of 6,411 State and county committeemen performed service in the month of December. These committeemen serve on a WAE basis and are compensated for an average of less than 10 days a year per committeeman. The increase in full-time employment in the Department of 4,632 employees, approximately 500 of whom hold temporary appointments, is attributable to greater activities in the following programs: Agricultural Marketing Service Expansion in marketing, economic, and statistical research; in marketing service programs, including inspection, grading, classing, regulatory, and other services to facilitate orderly marketing; in food distribution, school milk, and related programs with emphasis on the disposal of surpluses. Commodity Stabilization Service Increased activity in the surplus disposal programs, particularly the storage and disposal of grains; in transportation operations dealing with ocean shipments of surplus commodities under Public Law 480; in the performance phases of the acreage allotments and marketing quota programs. A Soil Bank Division was established to carry out the Department's new program responsibilities under title I (Soil Bank Act), Public |