Determinants of Crime Rates in Latin America and the World: An Empirical AssessmentWorld Bank Publications, 1998 M01 1 - 44 pages A growing concern in most regions of the world is the heightened incidence of criminal and violent behavior, especially in the Latin American and Caribbean Region. This study uses a new data set of crime rates for a large sample of countries to analyze the determinants of national homicide and robbery rates. The authors describe a simple model of "incentives to commit crimes" by estimating several econometric models and utilizing empirical models to draw their conclusions. |
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Page 3
... expected by an individual is not the only rele- vant " income " factor ; the income level of poten- tial victims also matters . The higher the level of income of potential victims , the higher the incentive to commit crimes , especially ...
... expected by an individual is not the only rele- vant " income " factor ; the income level of poten- tial victims also matters . The higher the level of income of potential victims , the higher the incentive to commit crimes , especially ...
Page 4
... expected rewards from both legal and criminal activities . In addition , Usher ( 1993 ) has argued that education may also have a “ civi- lization " effect , tending to reduce the incidence of criminal activity . However , after ...
... expected rewards from both legal and criminal activities . In addition , Usher ( 1993 ) has argued that education may also have a “ civi- lization " effect , tending to reduce the incidence of criminal activity . However , after ...
Page 5
... expected utility from illegal income will be affected by his / her tastes for the risk involved . Becker ( 1968 , 178 ) and Ehrlich ( 1973 , 528 ) , for example , established that a risk - neutral offender will tend to spend more time ...
... expected utility from illegal income will be affected by his / her tastes for the risk involved . Becker ( 1968 , 178 ) and Ehrlich ( 1973 , 528 ) , for example , established that a risk - neutral offender will tend to spend more time ...
Page 7
... expected net benefits are large enough . Equation ( 1 ) below says that , for a par- ticular individual , the expected net benefit ( nb ) of committing a crime is equal to its expected payoff ( that is , the probability of not being ...
... expected net benefits are large enough . Equation ( 1 ) below says that , for a par- ticular individual , the expected net benefit ( nb ) of committing a crime is equal to its expected payoff ( that is , the probability of not being ...
Page 8
... expected legal earnings , thus raising w . Also , education , through its civic component , may increase the individ- ual's moral stance , m . On the other hand , educa- tion may reduce the costs of committing crimes ( i.e. , reducing c ) ...
... expected legal earnings , thus raising w . Also , education , through its civic component , may increase the individ- ual's moral stance , m . On the other hand , educa- tion may reduce the costs of committing crimes ( i.e. , reducing c ) ...
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Common terms and phrases
Asia Dummy average Caribbean coefficient Colombia commit a crime common religion conviction rate crime industry criminal activity criminal behavior criminal inertia cross-sectional regressions death penalty decision to commit determinants of crime deterrence effects Developing Countries DiCristina Drug Possession Crimes Drug Producers Dummy Dummy for Developing econometric Ehrlich empirical error term Europe and Central explanatory variables GDP growth rate Gini Coefficient Gini index GNP per Capita Guyana homicide and robbery incidence income inequality increase individual individual's instruments Intentional Homicide Rates joint endogeneity lagged crime rate lagged homicide rate largest number Latin America level of education Loayza Log of GNP measurement errors mis-measurement national crime rates Number of Observations p-value panel data police population Possession Crimes Rate proxy reported crime robbery rates Sargan Secondary Enrollment Rate serially correlated Shahid Javed Burki significant statistically strictly exogenous Sub-Saharan Africa tion under-reporting United Nations unobserved country-specific effects urbanization rate World Bank World Crime Surveys
References to this book
Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: Criminological Perspectives Mathieu Deflem No preview available - 2004 |
An Introduction to Sustainable Development Peter P. Rogers,Kazi F. Jalal,John A. Boyd Limited preview - 2012 |