Determinants of Crime Rates in Latin America and the World: An Empirical AssessmentWorld Bank Publications, 1998 M01 1 - 44 pages A growing concern in most regions of the world is the heightened incidence of criminal and violent behavior, especially in the Latin American and Caribbean Region. This study uses a new data set of crime rates for a large sample of countries to analyze the determinants of national homicide and robbery rates. The authors describe a simple model of "incentives to commit crimes" by estimating several econometric models and utilizing empirical models to draw their conclusions. |
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Page 2
... capita is not a signifi- cant determinant of national crime rates . “ Deter- rence " effects are also shown to be significant . Contrary to our expectations , national enrollment rates in secondary education and the average number of ...
... capita is not a signifi- cant determinant of national crime rates . “ Deter- rence " effects are also shown to be significant . Contrary to our expectations , national enrollment rates in secondary education and the average number of ...
Page 12
... capita ranging from $ 766 [ US dollars ] in 1995 to $ 3,035 , and the latter had an income per capita of $ 765 or less ) . Figure 3 shows that the highest homicide rates are found in Latin Amer- ica and the Caribbean , followed by Sub ...
... capita ranging from $ 766 [ US dollars ] in 1995 to $ 3,035 , and the latter had an income per capita of $ 765 or less ) . Figure 3 shows that the highest homicide rates are found in Latin Amer- ica and the Caribbean , followed by Sub ...
Page 13
... capita income . Low income = $ 765 or less ; middle - low = $ 766- $ 4,035 ; middle - high = $ 3,036- $ 9,386 ; high = more than $ 9,386 , based on GNP per capita as of 1995 . Figure 3. Median Intentional Homicide Rates by Regions ...
... capita income . Low income = $ 765 or less ; middle - low = $ 766- $ 4,035 ; middle - high = $ 3,036- $ 9,386 ; high = more than $ 9,386 , based on GNP per capita as of 1995 . Figure 3. Median Intentional Homicide Rates by Regions ...
Page 15
... capita , in prices of 1987. The figures were converted to U.S. dollars on the basis of the methodology proposed by Loayza et al . ( 1998 ) , which is based on an average of real exchange rates.10 In the regressions that are based on ...
... capita , in prices of 1987. The figures were converted to U.S. dollars on the basis of the methodology proposed by Loayza et al . ( 1998 ) , which is based on an average of real exchange rates.10 In the regressions that are based on ...
Page 18
... Capita -.004 -.096 -.278 -.090 .014 -.078 -.032 ( .981 ) ( .577 ) ( .125 ) ( .649 ) ( .935 ) ( .628 ) ( .885 ) Gini Index .035 .035 .038 .043 .052 .041 ( .019 ) ( .034 ) ( .025 ) ( .014 ) ( .002 ) ( .025 ) Average Years of Schooling ...
... Capita -.004 -.096 -.278 -.090 .014 -.078 -.032 ( .981 ) ( .577 ) ( .125 ) ( .649 ) ( .935 ) ( .628 ) ( .885 ) Gini Index .035 .035 .038 .043 .052 .041 ( .019 ) ( .034 ) ( .025 ) ( .014 ) ( .002 ) ( .025 ) Average Years of Schooling ...
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Common terms and phrases
Asia Dummy average Caribbean coefficient Colombia commit a crime common religion conviction rate crime industry criminal activity criminal behavior criminal inertia cross-sectional regressions death penalty decision to commit determinants of crime deterrence effects Developing Countries DiCristina Drug Possession Crimes Drug Producers Dummy Dummy for Developing econometric Ehrlich empirical error term Europe and Central explanatory variables GDP growth rate Gini Coefficient Gini index GNP per Capita Guyana homicide and robbery incidence income inequality increase individual individual's instruments Intentional Homicide Rates joint endogeneity lagged crime rate lagged homicide rate largest number Latin America level of education Loayza Log of GNP measurement errors mis-measurement national crime rates Number of Observations p-value panel data police population Possession Crimes Rate proxy reported crime robbery rates Sargan Secondary Enrollment Rate serially correlated Shahid Javed Burki significant statistically strictly exogenous Sub-Saharan Africa tion under-reporting United Nations unobserved country-specific effects urbanization rate World Bank World Crime Surveys
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