Program may receive up to 4 cents reimbursement for each half pint served in excess of the first half pint in a Type A or B lunch. All other schools may receive up to 3 cents reimbursement for the half pints of milk they serve to children under the program. Children participating in this Special School Milk Program usually pay no more than 3 cents per half pint. State educational agencies review the applications of the schools in order to determine how much reimbursement assistance is needed. These amounts are generally determined by such factors as the cost of the milk to the school, the price at which the school proposes to offer milk to children, and the costs of handling the milk within the school. Laws in a number of States prevent the State educational agencies from administering any programs in the private schools. In such States, the Agricultural Marketing Service deals directly with nonprofit private schools wishing to participate. Some modifications were made in the program effective with the opening of the 1955-56 school year. These changes will elim Table 46.-ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES OF FEDERAL FUNDS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN PARTICIPATING IN THE PROGRAM TO INCREASE CONSUMPTION OF FLUID MILK: 1954-55 inate some of the problems that limited the development of the program's full potential during the 1954-55 school year which was the first year of its operation. According to table 46, there were 8,674,328 children included in the program for the 1954-55 school year. The 451,216,000 additional half pints of milk consumed by these children required an expenditure of approximately $17,224,000 of Federal funds for the 1954-55 school year. Schools participating in this Federal school lunch program have been able to provide better lunches for children than would have been possible with funds contributed locally by schools and parents. Except for the program of aid to federally affected school districts, this school lunch assistance constitutes the largest amount of Federal aid being allocated to any program of education in the elementary and secondary schools. Chapter IV EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF THE AN N EXTENSIVE program of training, education, and research is essential to the defense of the Nation. Personnel in the military Services need basic and specialized training to prepare them for efficient service to the military branches. Programs in research are needed for the further education of scientists and to secure new facts basic to the defense program. These programs of training and research proceed at a good pace, especially in peacetime when individuals and groups can be developed into effective forces and when new methods and materials may be discovered, developed, and tested. In addition to these activities directly related to defense, the Department of Defense has found it advisable to provide elementary and secondary school services for dependents of military and civilian employees when their families join them for overseas assignments. Further opportunities are provided by the Department for the extended education of personnel while off duty. This enables the men and women to secure additional schooling that may be extremely useful in vocations selected after they have regained civilian status. Only a few of these educational activities of the Department of Defense are described here. Information about other programs can be obtained directly from the Department. EDUCATION OF MILITARY PERSONNEL The preparation of men and women for possible participation in war activities is a major function of the Department of Defense. Much of this preparation requires funds which may properly be classified as Federal expenditures for education. The Federal funds made available for basic and specialized training for all recruits are not reported here; however, portions for academic training of military personnel at civilian schools, colleges, and universities, the United States Military Academy located at West Point, and the United States Naval Academy located at Annapolis, are given in table 47. These funds are provided to maintain and improve the reservoir of trained leaders for national defense. In the spring of 1954, Public Law 325 (83d Cong.) was enacted. It granted authority to the Secretary of the Air Force to establish the United States Air Force Academy. Temporarily, the Lowry Air Force Base at Denver, Colo., was designated as the home of the Air Force Academy while the permanent home is being constructed at the site selected near Colorado Springs, about 70 miles south of Denver. The first class of about 300 cadets was admitted to the Air Force Academy on July 11, 1955. The second class of approximately 400 cadets will be admitted to the Academy at its temporary location on July 9, 1956. Construction of the Air Force Academy facilities is progressing, but it is not anticipated that operations will be transferred to the permanent location for a year or two. In view of the fact that the school is in process of establishment, the Federal funds allotted or expended on the program are not reported in table 47. It is anticipated that complete figures can be included in the next issue of this bulletin. RESEARCH FOR DEFENSE In addition to these educational programs in the civilian schools and military academies, the Department of Defense expends large amounts for research to develop new methods and materials. Some of this research is conducted in the military branches and some Table 47.-FEDERAL FUNDS ALLOTTED FOR ACADEMIC TRAINING OF MILITARY PERSONNEL AT CIVILIAN SCHOOLS AND SERVICE ACADEMIES: 1946-47 TO 1955-56 1 Does not include military pay and allowances and the fees paid to universities under research and development contracts. Estimated. |