In table 85 is presented a summary of the expenditures of the Bureau of Apprenticeship for apprenticeship training over the past 9 years. This information was furnished by the Bureau of Apprenticeship of the Department of Labor.

Table 85.-FEDERAL EXPENDITURES OF THE BUREAU OF APPRENTICESHIP: 1947-48 TO 1955-56

In addition to its many other duties, the Treasury Department has the responsibility for the administration of certain educational programs. One of these is the program of specialized training provided for Coast Guard personnel. Another is the advanced training arranged for tax specialists in the Bureau of Internal Revenue. Other educational programs in the Department include the promotion of the habit of saving among the school children, the recognition of counterfeit money, and the specialized training for customs inspectors and other Treasury law-enforcement officers. The latter three programs, however, are not reported here since expenditures for them cannot be separated from other parts of the budgets for various divisions of the Treasury Department.

U. S. COAST GUARD

Educational services for the Coast Guard are provided through the operation of the Coast Guard Academy, and through the payment of tuition for individuals who are assigned to take academic training at specific institutions of higher learning. Amounts for these two programs are listed in columns 4 and 5 of table 86. In addition to these programs, Congress has authorized the use of funds for the education of dependents of Coast Guard personnel stationed outside the continental limits of the United States. Funds for this program for the 1954-55 and 1955-56 school years are shown in column 6 of the table.

Coast Guard Service personnel also qualify for off-duty educational benefits as described in chapter IV. Amounts of Federal funds expended for these services are listed in column 8 of table 52.

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE

The Internal Revenue Service Advanced Training Center was established in the summer of 1954 by contract with the University of Michigan under authority of Public Law 51, Eightyfourth Congress, approved June 1, 1954. Specialized training in the tax-enforcement field is made available to selected members of the Internal Revenue Service in this program.

Instruction at the university given by regular faculty members include one elective course and four required courses of three semester hours each. This formal classroom program is supplemented by a series of 1-hour lectures by officials of the Bureau of Internal Revenue, and other outstanding speakers. Funds available for this contractual program arranged with the University of Michigan are shown in table 87. Data for this table were provided by the Department of the Treasury.

Table 86.-FEDERAL FUNDS ALLOTTED FOR THE EDUCATION OF COAST GUARD PERSONNEL AND THEIR DEPENDENTS: 1946-47 TO 1955-56

In most respects, the Government of the District of Columbia is similar to that of other large cities in the United States. One important difference, however, is in its relationship to Congress. Congress has the final responsibility for financing all governmental operations in the District, determines the amount and kind of local taxes to be levied, authorizes the expenditure of tax

Table 87.-FEDERAL FUNDS FOR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE ADVANCED TRAINING CENTER: 1954-55 AND 1955-56

revenues, and appropriates some Federal funds to help finance the public services provided in the city. This Federal assistance is the justification for reporting public educational programs of the District of Columbia in this bulletin on Federal Funds for Education.

BOARD OF EDUCATION

The District of Columbia, through its board of education, operates a complete program of public education. This program includes educational services from kindergarten through college offered in the elementary, junior high, senior high, and vocational schools, as well as the District of Columbia Teachers College. The teachers college grants the Bachelor of Science in education and the Master's Degree to those who complete prescribed courses for the preparation of teachers.

Other institutions of higher education, Gallaudet College and Howard University, are located in the District of Columbia but are not supervised by the D. C. Board of Education. They are a part of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Howard University has a relationship to the District of Columbia that is somewhat similar to that existing between State universities and cities in which they are located. The program of Gallaudet College is described on page 46 and that of Howard University on page 47.

Public schools in the District are supported chiefly through local taxes. However, the Federal Government does provide some funds for their operation. Though funds are not appropriated specifically for the schools, a lump sum amount is provided for all public services in the District including education. It is assumed, in this presentation, that the proportion of total District funds provided for all public services from Federal sources can be applied uniformly to all of the separate governmental services including education.

Expenditures for the past 10 years for public education in the District of Columbia are given in table 88. Since the D. C. Teachers College is operated as a part of the city school system, under the direct control of the Board of Education, expenditures for the college are not listed separately but are included in the amounts listed in columns 2, 4, and 6 of the table.

From 1945-46 to 1954-55, an average of 10.8 percent of the total budget for the District of Columbia came from Federal funds and 89.2 percent was derived from local taxation. These local revenues come chiefly from the property tax, the general sales tax, and the District income tax. During the 1954-55 school year, it was estimated that the Federal contribution constituted about 14.5 percent of the total amount required by the District Commissioners. From this estimate, it may be determined that Federal funds for current operating expenses for the schools amounted to about $4,369,527. In addition to this, Congress approved the expenditure of District and Federal funds for public-school capital outlay amounting to $5,636,412 for the 1954-55 school year. Using the same percent, it may be assumed that approximately $816,152 of this expenditure for housing was provided from Federal revenues. Information about these figures and those included in table 88 were obtained from the Department of Business Administration for the public schools of the District of Columbia.

Table 88.- EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: 1945-46 TO 1954-55

Institutional care for needy or delinquent children living in the District of Columbia is provided by the Department of Public Welfare. Various services of the types required by children under

these conditions are supplied by several institutions including: The District Training School, Juvenile Training School, Industrial Home School for Colored Children, Junior Village, National Training School for Boys, and the Receiving Home for Children.

Education is an important service in all these institutions. For some of them, teachers are employed who teach classes or individual children. Others make arrangements for the children to attend the public schools. Inasmuch as the expenditures for education are included as parts of the budget of the Department of Public Welfare or the Board of Education, the amounts for education are not reported separately here. However, some figures on the number of children served are included in table 89 to indicate the extent of the 6 programs described.

District Training School.-Training and treatment of mental defectives in the District of Columbia are offered at the District Training School. Children of low-grade intelligence who require special facilities and specially trained personnel are admitted or placed on the waiting list for this school. The purpose of the program is to help train the children where possible so that they may be returned to their homes, actually care for themselves, and eventually assist in their support.

Classes for the children range from nursery and sense training through the lower elementary grades. Other instruction has been given in occupational therapy, industrial arts, vocational education, music, and recreation. Expenditures for this school would include amounts for maintenance and subsistence as well as instruction and are not included in this report since they are not easily separated from other portions of the Department of Public Welfare budget.

Juvenile Training School.-Boys and girls who enter the Juvenile Training School range in age from 8 to 17 years. While in residence, they are provided such desirable and necessary services as medical care, education, moral and religious training, recreation, family contacts, case-work services, and post-institutional follow up. The present facilities provide living and school accommodations for 210 resident children.

Many services, in addition to those provided by means at the disposal of the Juvenile Training School, are also available to the children. These are obtained through the benefaction of various civic, religious, and fraternal organizations.

Industrial Home School for Colored Children.-Boys and girls are committed to this institution by the Department of Public Welfare for a variety of reasons, most of them having been committed by the Juvenile Court for violations of law.