jects as are required in each case; for instance, agricultural economics, introduction to hydraulics, etc., in rural schools; and kindergarten subjects in the kindergarten teacher-training classes. The curriculum in the normal schools has been revised twice since the Government's removal to Taiwan, once in June 1950, and again in May 1952. TABLE 11.-Curriculum of typical normal school as prescribed by the Ministry of Education The Taiwan Teachers College. This institution was founded in 1946, and is the only one in Taiwan devoted almost entirely to the training of secondary school teachers. The institution consists of 11 departments: Education, Chinese, English, History and Geography, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Natural History, Physical Education, Music, Fine Arts, and Industrial Education. A department of Home Economics has been added recently. The faculty includes a number of eminent scholars who were compelled to leave the mainland in the past. The nature of the college is similar to the Peking Normal University and the Normal College of Nanking on the mainland prior to 1949. Admission to the college is conditional upon graduation from a public senior middle school or private senior middle school recognized by the Government and passing the entrance examination. Accord ing to the regulations of the Ministry of Education, a student is required to study for 5 years before he graduates. The first 4 years are to be spent in the college and the fifth year will be assigned by the Government to a middle school as a trainee. Those who have successfully completed the practical training period are considered as graduates of this college. Each academic year is divided into 2 terms of 18 weeks each. The summer vacation lasts about 11 weeks, and the winter vacation takes up approximately 4 weeks. A minimum of 142 credits is required for graduation from this college, but a 4-year residence is also required of every graduate. As a rule, the student received 1 credit for 1 hour's attendance weekly. Generally, each student is required to obtain 19 credits each term, but there is considerable flexibility in this matter. As a rule, students are not allowed to participate in the general examinations until they have completed all the required courses, have acquired a sufficient number of credits, and have successfully passed the Chinese proficiency test. The following are the general required courses: San Min Chu-I (The Three Peoples' Principles), Chinese, English, Chinese General History, Western General History, Logic, Introduction to Philosophy, Education, Educational Psychology, Methods of Training, Pedagogy of Special Subjects, Teaching Practice, Thesis. The Department of Education of the College offers the following required courses: Sociology, General Biology, Ethics, General Psychology, Secondary Education, Educational Statistics, History of Western Education, Developmental Psychology, Educational and Mental Testing, History of Chinese Education, Educational Administration, the Principles and Practice of Discipline, Philosophy of Education, Comparative Education. In the Department of Chinese, the following required courses are offered: Introduction to Chinese Classics, Methods of Literary Scholarship, Chinese Calligraphy, Mandarin and Standard Pronunciation, Selected Prose and Practice in Writing, Chinese Etymology, History of Chinese Literature, Chinese Grammar, Chinese Phonology, Literary Criticism, Selected Lyrics and Songs, Rhetoric, Semantics, Practical Writing, History of Chinese Philosophy, Selected Readings of Chinese Classics, Selected Poems, and Practice in Writing. TABLE 12.-Required courses of study with credits in various departments of Taiwa Teachers College Continued The Ministry of Education. The highest authority of educational administration in Taiwan is the Ministry of Education, 1 of the 8 ministries under the Executive Yuan (the Cabinet) of the National Government of China. The Minister of Education is appointed by order of the president through the recommendation of the President of the Executive Yuan (the Premier). The Ministry of Education is headed by the Minister of Education who, in turn, is assisted by two vice ministers (see chart 2), one secretary general, two secretaries, two councilors, four inspectors, and the Department of Higher Education; Department of Primary and Secondary Education; Department of Social Education and General Affairs; the Bureau of International Cultural and Educational Affairs; the auditing office; the personnel office; and 3 committees: (1) Guide to Schooling and Employment for Mainland Youth; (2) Extension of Social Education; and (3) Selection of Compilation and Editing Personnel. The Ministry of Education exercises general supervision over education in the entire country. In the case of elementary and secondary schools, the Ministry exercises its powers in policy making, the compilation of textbooks, and personnel administration. It also contributes funds to support elementary and secondary schools. The Minister of Education recommends measures to the Government, and issues ministerial rules and regulations to put these measures into effect. Provincial and district administration of education. Local educational authorities are two: The Provincial Commissioner of Education and the Chief of the Bureau of Education in the district and municipality. The Commissioner of Education is a member of the Provincial government, is appointed by the National Government, and is under the control of the Minister of Education. Generally he is more than a link between the local government and the Central Government, and within the frame of law he can do a great deal by his position and initiative. Every county or hsien, the geographical and administrative unit under the province, and every municipality has a Bureau of |