University of Puebla, Puebla, Law and Social Sciences, Medicine, Dentistry, University of Querétaro, Queré- Law, Engineering, Chemical Sciences, Commerce, taro, Querétaro. University of San Luis Potosí, San Nursing and Obstetrics, Music Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Obstet- University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Law and Social Sciences, Chemical Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Pharmacy, Nursing and Obstetrics, Commerce University Veracruzana, Jalapa Law, Nursing and Obstetrics, Social Work University of Yucatán, Mérida, Law, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Chemical The newest of the State universities is Chihuahua, inaugurated in January 1955. It was formed by creating three new schools, Law, Medicine, and Engineering, and by incorporating a number of the existing schools of a preparatory and semiprofessional level in Chihuahua City. The forerunners of some of the universities were the Jesuit schools established during the colonial period. The oldest perhaps in America is the University Michoacana whose antecedents go back to Don Vasco de Quiroga's school (founded in 1540) in Pátzcuaro, which was moved to Valladolid (Morelia) in 1580. Padre Hidalgo, the hero of independence, was a student there and later became its Rector. The institution at Puebla was founded in 1578, that of San Luis Potosí in 1624, and that at Guanajuato in 1732. The University Veracruzana differs somewhat from the other State universities in that it has jurisdiction over all the public schools, public museums, libraries, and laboratories in the State and supervises the private schools. It also carries out cooperative projects with the national meteorological stations at Orizaba and Córdoba. Several of the Institutos in the States, while primarily concerned with secondary, preparatory, and normal school education, extend their offerings to include some fields of higher education. The Instituto Campechano in Campeche, for example, has faculties of law, medicine, and engineering. The Instituto de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas in Tuxtla Gutiérrez offers work in commerce and administration, pharmacy, nursing, obstetrics, and plastic arts, and maintains a faculty of law at San Cristóbal de las Casas. The Ateneo Fuente in Saltillo, Coahuila, has schools of nursing and obstetrics and chemical sciences. Instituto Juárez 374194-56- -7 in Durango provides a law school and courses in commerce, nursing, and obstetrics. The Instituto Científico y Literario in Pachuca, Hidalgo, offers medicine, nursing, and obstetrics. The Instituto Científico y Literario Autónomo of Toluca, México, maintains a law school. The school in Oaxaca from which Benito Juárez received his law degree in 1834, and later directed, is now the Instituto Autónomo de Ciencias y Artes del Estado de Oaxaca with departments of law, medicine, surgery, pharmacy, nursing, and obstetrics. The Instituto de Ciencias in Zacatecas gives work in law and in topographical and hydrographical engineering. In October 1955 a new faculty of law was inaugurated as a dependency of the Instituto de Nayarit. The activity in higher education appears to be strongest in the States of Chihuahua, Jalisco, México, Nuevo León, and Puebla, in each of which more than 500 students were promoted in professional studies in 1951, and weakest in the States of Aguascalientes, Baja California, Colima, Durango, Oaxaca, Querétaro, and Tlaxcala. FEDERAL INSTITUTIONS The National Polytechnic Institute, one of the major divisions of the Secretariat of Publie Education, is made up of eight professional schools: Higher School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Higher School of Engineering and Architecture Higher School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries National School of Biological Sciences Higher School of Textile Engineering Higher School of Homeopathic Medicine Higher School of Rural Medicine Higher School of Economic, Administrative, and Social Sciences The requirement for admission to these schools is completion of the vocational school (2-year preparatory), which follows the secundaria or escuela tecnológica (prevocational). The programs of study for professional degrees are similar to those of the National University, the chief difference being a tendency to combine fields, such as engineering and architecture, and to put more emphasis on practical laboratory and field work. The following degrees are offered at the schools composing the Institute. Sample programs of study given in the present bulletin are noted by number in the table. Table T.-Professional degrees offered at the National Polytechnic Table T.-Professional degrees offered at the National Polytechnic Polytechnic City, while not as large as University City, is a spacious well-planned area which includes modern buildings, shops and laboratories, central library, auditorium, social center, medical services, stadium, sports fields, and other attractions. The student body, counting the vocational and subprofessional schools under the Institute's supervision, numbers around 24,000. In 1955 there were 119 graduating from the Higher School of Engineering and Architecture, a fact noted with pride by the President of the Republic, who said that these young men would be dedicated to great national works of irrigation, communication, mining, and electrification. The National School of Anthropology and History, its name since 1946, is also a dependency of the Secretariat of Public Education. It is devoted to professional instruction in physical anthropology, archeology, ethnology, history, linguistics, and museography. Having the status of a university faculty, it collaborates with the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the National University in maintaining a single program of study integrated with the University calendar and, by agreement with that Faculty, prepares students for the degree of maestro and doctor in the fields of its specialization. (See table 6.) The school also collaborates in various projects with the Instituto Nacional Indigenista, the Humanities Division of the Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Washington, in Seattle, and a number of other institutions which help stimulate the study of anthropology in Mexico and the other American countries. The Institute of Health and Tropical Diseases, a dependency of the Secretariat of Health and Welfare, carries on scientific and technical studies for the benefit of public health. Its programs of study are divided into three terms of 400 class hours each with a fourth term of field work. The studies included for the maestro in Public Health are general sanitary administration, biostatistics, social anthropology, nutrition, contagious diseases, sanitary engineering, parasitology, microbiology, maternal and infant care, educational psychology, industrial hygiene, and epidemiology. Those for the certificate of Public Health Nurse have the same general plan of organization and include many of the same subjects along with nursing and supervised practice and field work. Most of the students attending these courses are professional employees of the Secretariat of Health and Welfare, which provides a scholarship of 800 pesos a month for each student. Foreign students are selected with the cooperation of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, which gives the school $500 for each foreign medical student and $300 for each nurse in training. Other Federal institutions of higher education, already mentioned in the discussion of vocational education, are the National School of Agriculture under the sponsorship of the Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería, and the Escuela Superior de Guerra (National War College) under the control of the Secretariat of National Defense. An important research center is the National Institute of Scientific Research, created by Congress in November 1950, with eight divisions: mathematics, physics, chemistry, biological science, sciences of the soil, geological resources, sciences applied to agriculture, and sciences applied to industry. The mathematics division, devoted to pure and applied mathematics, employs 16 researchers, 4 aides, and 5 scholarship holders. The physics division has three sections-nucleonics, electronics, and cosmic radiation-employing some 40 scientists and technicians who are studying the uranium resources of Mexico and planning the construction of machines, apparatus, pilot plants, and laboratories. Scholarships are provided for research scholars and a publications program is being developed. El Colegio Nacional, created in 1943 by the President of the Republic on the initiative of the Secretary of Public Education, brings together 20 of the nation's foremost scholars for the purpose of enriching and extending the general knowledge of philosophy, science, and the arts. In this work the Colegio is free of the limitations, requirements, and formalities which the prescribed programs of study impose in the universities. The Colegio is in session from January 16 to November 15 of each year, but it does not have any rollcall or fees and does not give examinations or diplomas or degrees. Its lecture series and other activities are entirely free and open to the public. The motto "Liberty Through Knowledge" and the insignia of an eagle poised for flight indicate the Colegio's ideal of community service and general enlightenment. In the industrial, commercial, and agricultural fields the Bank of Mexico is active in supporting scholarship students and fostering research to determine the industrial resources and needs of the country. PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS The Colegio de México, successor to the Casa de España en México, is a private non-profit institution devoted to research, publications, and cultural activities in history, literature, Hispanic-American thought, and social sciences, and a variety of humanistic subjects The Colegio is composed of professors, research scholars, fellowship students, and col |