The Politics of Unfunded Mandates: Whither Federalism?Georgetown University Press, 1998 M12 3 - 264 pages This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the politics behind the use of mandates requiring state and local governments to implement federal policy. Over the last twenty-five years, during both liberal and conservative eras, federal mandates have emerged as a resilient tool for advancing the interests of both political parties. Revealing the politics that led to the policies, Paul L. Posner explores the origins of these congressional mandates, what interests and needs they satisfy, whether mandate reform initiatives can be expected to alter their use, and their implications for federalism. This book reveals how mandates have changed the way policy is formed in the United States and the fundamental relationship between the federal government and the state and local governments. |
Contents
HOUSESENATE NEGOTIATIONS | 115 |
A LEGISLATIVE POSTSCRIPT ON COSTS | 117 |
IMPLICATIONS | 118 |
NOTES TO CHAPTER 6 | 120 |
Education for Preschool Handicapped Children | 126 |
THE GROWTH OF THE FEDERAL PRESENCE IN SPECIAL EDUCATION | 127 |
PASSAGE OF THE 1975 MANDATE | 130 |
CONSENSUS DISSOLVES DURING IMPLEMENTATION | 131 |
| 30 | |
| 32 | |
| 36 | |
98TH THROUGH 101ST CONGRESSES | 39 |
IMPLICATIONS | 54 |
The Rush toward Consensus | 57 |
SIGNIFICANT MANDATES PASSED WITH BROAD SUPPORT | 58 |
MANDATES IN THE 99TH CONGRESS | 60 |
IMPETUS FOR THE MANDATES OF THE 99TH CONGRESS | 61 |
DISARMING THE CONSTRAINERS | 66 |
IMPLICATIONS | 74 |
State and Local Government Interest Group Behavior | 78 |
STATE AND LOCAL GROUPS MIXED VIEWS ON MANDATES | 81 |
SOURCES OF STATE AND LOCAL AMBIVALENCE | 83 |
FEATURES OF MANDATES THAT LIMIT STATE AND LOCAL INFLUENCE | 86 |
IMPLICATIONS | 89 |
NOTES TO CHAPTER 5 | 91 |
Asbestos and the Politics of Consensus | 94 |
THE POLITICAL EXTRAPOLATION OF SCIENCE | 95 |
TARGET FOR REGULATORY EXPANSION | 96 |
EARLY FEDERAL POLICY ACTION FOLLOWS THE INCREMENTAL MODEL | 97 |
REGULATION BEGETS REGULATION | 101 |
MANY ROADS LEAD TO WASHINGTON | 102 |
A NEW CONGRESSIONAL CHAMPION EMERGES | 105 |
THE POLITICS OF UNANIMITY | 107 |
THE AMBIVALENT POSITION OF THE SCHOOLS | 111 |
A REPUBLICAN SENATE ENACTS A STRONGER BILL | 113 |
PRESCHOOL HANDICAPPED COVERAGE MAKES THE AGENDA | 133 |
THE SENATE PASSES A PRESCHOOL MANDATE | 138 |
THE BILL BREAKS THROUGH TO THE HOUSE AGENDA | 144 |
THE SCHOOLS AWAKEN TO THE COST IMPACTS OF THE SENATE BILL | 147 |
THE POLITICS OF CONSENSUS | 150 |
THE POISONED CARROT? | 153 |
IMPLICATIONS | 154 |
NOTES TO CHAPTER 7 | 155 |
The Politics of Mandate Reform | 160 |
IMPLICATIONS | 175 |
NOTES TO CHAPTER 8 | 176 |
The Impact of Mandate Reform | 180 |
OVERVIEW OF MANDATES ENACTED IN 1996 | 181 |
MANDATE RESTRAINT AND MODIFICATION | 182 |
THE MARCH OF MANDATES CONTINUES | 185 |
MANDATE ROLLBACKS | 187 |
THE POLITICS OF FEDERAL MANDATES REVISITED | 189 |
OTHER INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS | 202 |
IMPLICATIONS | 206 |
NOTES TO CHAPTER 9 | 207 |
Conclusions | 211 |
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND MANDATES | 215 |
WHITHER FEDERALISM? | 222 |
NOTES TO CHAPTER 10 | 229 |
Appendix 1 | 233 |
Index | 239 |
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Common terms and phrases
104th Congress 99th Congress abatement ACIR administration Advisory Commission agenda amendments analysis Anthony Downs asbestos in schools authority bill billion block grant Bruce Hunter Chapter coalition Commission on Intergovernmental committee conflict Congressional Budget Office Congressional Quarterly Conlan consensus conservative costs Court David Mayhew David Truman Democrats disabled enacted environmental estimate federal aid federal funding federal government federal grant federal mandates federal role federal system fiscal Florio handicapped children handicapped education House Republicans impact implementation initiatives interest groups Intergovernmental Relations lobbying major mandates mandate issues mandate legislation mandate support scores mandate voting Mandates Reform Act Medicaid ment officials oppose party passed percent point of order policymaking preempt preemptions preschool Press prompted proposed Reagan regulations Republicans requirements roll call votes safe drinking water school boards Senate significant mandates special education staff subcommittee tion UMRA Unfunded Mandates Unfunded Mandates Reform variables Washington Weicker welfare
Popular passages
Page 32 - EE Schattschneider, The Semisovereign People (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960), p. 71. 6 Peter Bachrach and Morton S. Baratz, "Two Faces of Power," American Political Science Review, 56 (December 1962), p.
Page 177 - Conducted by the US Conference of Mayors and the National Association of Counties at 16 (1994).
Page 208 - E. E. Schattschneider, The Semi-Sovereign People (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960); and Robert A.
Page 157 - Child Care Arrangements in the United States in 1974," testimony before the Subcommittee on Employment, Poverty and Migratory Labor of the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, and the Subcommittee on Select Education of the House Committee on Education and Labor, Joint Hearings on the Child and Family Services Act, 1975, 94th Congress, 1st Session, Feb.
Page 32 - Edward C. Banfield and James Q. Wilson, City Politics (New York: Vintage Books, 1963); Banfield and Wilson, "Political Ethos Revisited," American Political Science Review (December 1971): 1048-62; William A.
Page 76 - R. Douglas Arnold, The Logic of Congressional Action (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).
Page 33 - Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Report to the President for Transmittal to Congress (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1955), p.
Page 181 - The Experience of the Congressional Budget Office During the First Year of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (Washington, DC: CBO, January, 1997), p.
Page 21 - Association, National Conference of State Legislatures, National Association of Counties...