more nonprofit private institutions or organizations with which he has made an agreement pursuant to section 428(b) in order to enable students in the State to participate in a program of student loan insurance covered by such an agreement. The Commissioner may make advances under this subsection both to a State program (with which he has such an agreement) and to one or more nonprofit private institutions or organizations (with which he has such an agreement) in that State if he determines that such advances are necessary in order that students in each eligible institution. have access through such institution to a student loan insurance program which meets the requirement of section 428(b)(1).

(2) No advance shall be made after June 30, 1968, unless matched by an equal amount from non-Federal sources. Such equal amount may include the unencumbered non-Federal portion of a reserve fund. As used in the preceding sentence, the term "unencumbered non-Federal portion" means the amount (determined as of the time immediately preceding the making of the advance) of the reserve fund less the greater of (A) the sum of (i) advances made under this section prior to July 1, 1968, (ii) an amount equal to twice the amount of advances made under this section after June 30, 1968, and before the advance for purposes of which the determination is made, and (iii) the proceeds of earnings on advances made under this section or (B) any amount which is required to be maintained in such fund pursuant to State law or regulation, or by agreement with lenders, as a reserve against the insurance of outstanding loans.

(3) Advances pursuant to this subsection shall be upon such terms and conditions (including conditions relating to the time or times of payment) consistent with the requirements of section 428(b) as the Commissioner determines will best carry out the purposes of this section. Advances made by the Commissioner under this subsection shall be repaid within such period as the Commissioner may deem to be appropriate in each case in the light of the maturity and solvency of the reserve fund for which the advance was made.

(b)(1) The total of the advances to any State prior to July 1, 1968, pursuant to subsection (a) may not exceed an amount which bears the same ration to 21⁄2 per centum of $700,000,000 as the population of that State aged eighteen to twenty-two, inclusive, bears to the total population of all the States aged eighteen to twenty-two inclusive. The amount available, however, for advances to any State for each fiscal year ending prior to July 1, 1968, shall not be less than $25,000, and any additional funds needed to meet this requirement shall be derived by proportionately reducing (but not below $25,000 per year) the amount available for advances to each of the remaining States. Advances to nonprofit private institutions and organizations prior to July 1, 1968, pursuant to subsection (a) may be in such amounts as the Commissioner determines will best achieve the purposes for which they are made, except that the sum of (1) advances to such institutions and organizations for the benefit of students in any State plus (2) the amounts advanced to such State, may not exceed the maximum amount which may be ad

'Should read "be made

vanced to that State pursuant to the first two sentences of this subsection.

(2) the total of the advances from the sums appropriated pursuant to clause (4)(A) of section 421(b) to nonprofit private institutions and organizations for the benefit of students in any State and (B) to such State may not exceed an amount which bears the same ratio to such sums as the population of such State aged eighteen to twenty-two, inclusive, bears to the population of all the States aged eighteen to twenty-two inclusive, but such advances may otherwise be in such amounts as the Commissioner determines will best achieve the purposes for which they are made. The amount available, however, for advances to any State shall not be less than $25,000 and any additional funds needed to meet this requirement shall be derived by proportionately reducing (but not below $25,000) the amount available for advances to each of the remaining States.

(3) For the purposes of this subsection, the population aged eighteen to twenty-two, inclusive, of each State and of all the States shall be determined by the Commissioner on the basis of the most recent satisfactory data available to him.

(c)(1) From sums appropriated pursuant to section 421(b)(4)(B), the Commissioner shall advance to each State which has an agreement with the Commissioner under section 428(c) with respect to a student loan insurance program, an amount determined in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection to be used for the purpose of making payments under the State's insurance obligations under such program.

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amount to be advanced to each such State shall be equal to 10 per centum of the principal amount of loans made by lenders and insured by such agency on those loans on which the first payment of principal became due during the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the advance is made.

(B) The amount of any advance determined according to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall be reduced by (i) the amount of any advance or advances made to such State pursuant to this subsection at an earlier date, and (ii) the amount of the unspent balance of the advances made to a State pursuant to subsection (a). Notwithstanding subparagraph (A) and the preceding sentence of this subparagraph, but subject to subparagraph (D) of this paragraph, the amount of any advance to a State described in paragraph (5)(A) for the first year of its eligibility under such paragraph, and the amount of any advance to any State described in paragraph (5)(B) for each year of its eligibility under such paragraph, shall not be less than $50,000.

(C) For purposes of subparagraph (B) the unspent balance of the advances made to a State pursuant to subsection (a) shall be that portion of the balance of the State's reserve fund (remaining at the time of the State's first request for an advance pursuant to this subsection) which bears the same ratio to such balance as the Federal advances made and not returned by such State, pursuant to subsection (a), bears to the total of all past contributions to such reserve funds from all sources (other than interest on investment of any portion of the reserve fund) contributed since the date such State executed an agreement pursuant to section 428(b).

(D) If the sums appropriated for any fiscal year for paying the amounts determined under subparagraphs (A) and (B) are not sufficient to pay such amounts in full, then such amounts shall be reduced

(i) by ratably reducing that portion of the amount allocated to each State which exceeds $50,000; and

(ii) if further reduction is required, by equally reducing the $50,000 minimum allocation of each State.

If additional sums become available for paying such amounts for any fiscal year during which the preceding sentence has been applied, such reduced amounts shall be increased on the same basis as they were reduced.

(3) The earnings, if any, on any investments of advances received pursuant to this subsection must be used for making payments under the State's insurance obligations.

(4)(A) No repayment of any advances made pursuant to this subsection shall be required until such time as the sum of the advances under this subsection exceeds 20 per centum of the State's outstanding insurance obligation determined in accordance with subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.

(B) For purposes of this paragraph, a State's outstanding insurance obligation shall be determined by subtracting from the total principal amount of loans insured by the State since it entered into an agreement pursuant to section 428(b), the total principal amount of loans insured by such State which have been fully repaid by the borrower, the State itself, or the Commissioner, and loans which have been canceled.

(C) At such time as advances pursuant to this subsection reach the level indicated in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the amount of any excess shall be paid over to the Commissioner in a lump sum at the beginning of each fiscal year for deposit in the fund established by section 431.

(5) Advances pursuant to this subsection shall be made to a State

(A) in the case of a State which is actively carrying on a program under an agreement pursuant to section 428(b) which was entered into before the date of enactment of this subsection, upon such date as such State may request, but not before October 1, 1977, and on the same day of each of the two succeeding calendar years after the date so requested; and

(B) in the case of a State which enters into an agreement pursuant to section 428(b) on or after the date of enactment of this subsection or which is not actively carrying on a program under an agreement pursuant to such section on such date, upon such date as such State may request, but not before October 1, 1977, and on the same day of each of the four succeeding calendar years after the date so requested of the advance. (6)(A) If for any fiscal year a State does not have a student loan insurance program covered by an agreement made pursuant to section 428(b), and the Commissioner determines after consultation with the chief executive officer of that State that there is no reasonable likelihood that the State will have such a student loan insurance program for such year, the Commissioner may make advances pursuant to this subsection for such year for the same purpose to one or more nonprofit private institutions or organizations

with which he has made an agreement pursuant to subsection (c), as well as subsection (b), of section 428 and subparagraph (B) of this paragraph in order to enable students in that State to participate in a program of student loan insurance covered by such agree

ments.

(B) The Commissioner may enter into an agreement with a private nonprofit institution or organization for purposes of this paragraph under which such institution or organization

(i) agrees to establish within such State at least one office with sufficient staff to handle written and telephone inquires from students, eligible lenders, and other persons in the State, to encourage maximum commercial lender participation within the State, and to conduct periodic visits to at least the major eligible lenders within the State,

(ii) agrees that its insurance will not be denied any student because of his choice of eligible institutions or the student's lack of need, and

(iii) certifies that it is neither an eligible institution, nor has any substantial affiliation with an eligible institution.

(20 U.S.C. 1072) Enacted Nov. 8, 1965, P.L. 89-329, Title IV, sec. 422, 79 Stat. 1236; amended Nov. 3, 1966, P.L. 89-752, sec. 11, 80 Stat. 1243; amended Oct. 16, 1968, P.L. 90-575, Title I, sec. 114, 82 Stat. 1021; amended Oct. 12, 1976, P.L. 94-482, Title I, Pat D, sec. 127(a), 90 Stat. 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103; amended June 15, 1977, P.L. 95-43, sec. 1(a)(11)(A), (B), (C), (a)(12), (a)(13), 91 Stat. 213, 214; amended Nov. 1, 1978, P.L 95-561, sec. 1322(a), 92 Stat. 2363. The effective date of section 422(c)(5) as amended is Oct. 1, 1977.

EFFECTS OF ADEQUATE NON-FEDERAL PROGRAMS

SEC. 423. (a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), the Commissioner shall not issue certificates of insurance under section 429 to lenders in a State if he determines that every eligible institution has reasonable access in that State to a State or private nonprofit student loan insurance program which is covered by an agreement under section 428 (b).

(b) The Commissioner may issue certificates of insurance under section 429 to a lender in a State

(1) for insurance of a loan made to a student borrower who does not, by reason of his residence, have access to loan insurance under the loan insurance program of such State (or under any private nonprofit loan insurance program which has received an advance under section 422 for the benefit of students in such State),

(2) for insurance of all of the loans made to student borrowers by a lender who satisfies the Commissioner that, by reason of the residence of such borrowers, such lender will not have access to any single State or nonprofit private loan insurance program which will insure substantially all of the loans such lender intends to make to such student borrowers, or

(3) under such circumstances as may be approved by the State on nonprofit private institution or organization in such State with which the Commissioner has an agreement under section 428 (b), for the insurance of a loan to a borrower for whom such lender previously was issued such a certificate if the loan covered by such certificate is not yet repaid.

(c) The Commissioner shall not deny, because of any provision of this section, a certificate of insurance under section 429 to any eligible lender which is an eligible institution if such lender has previously executed an agreement with the Commissioner pursuant to section 433 of this part, unless the Commissioner determines, based upon studies and surveys satisfactory to him, that access to a loan by all eligible students who make an active and diligent effort to obtain a loan under this part will be otherwise available. In order to carry out the provisions of the preceding sentence the Commissioner shall periodically assess the availability of loans to eligible students through studies and surveys undertaken by him and through review of properly conducted studies and surveys made available to him.

(20 U.S.C. 1073) Enacted Nov. 8, 1965, P.L. 89-329, title IV, sec. 423, 79 Stat. 1237; amended Oct. 16, 1968, P.L. 90-575, sec. 119, 82 Stat. 1026; amended Oct. 12, 1976, P.L. 94-482, title I, part D, sec. 127(a), 90 Stat. 2103; amended June 15, 1977, P.L. 95-43, sec. 1(a)(14), 91 Stat. 214.

SCOPE AND DURATION OF FEDERAL LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAM

SEC. 424. (a) The total principal amount of new loans made and installments paid pursuant to lines of credit (as defined in section 435) to students covered by Federal loan insurance under this part shall not exceed $1,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, $1,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, $1,800,000,000 for the for the fiscal fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $2,000,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1975, and 1976, and $2,000,000,000 for the period from July 1, 1976, to September 30, 1976, and for each of the succeeding fiscal years ending prior to October 1, 1981. Thereafter, Federal loan insurance pursuant to this part may be granted only for loans made (or for loan installments paid pursuant to lines of credit) to enable students, who have obtained prior loans insured under this part, to continue or complete their educational program; but no insurance may be granted for any loan made or installment paid after September 30, 1985.

(b) The Commissioner may, if he finds it necessary to do so in order to assure an equitable distribution of the benefits of this part, assign, within the maximum amounts specified in subsection (a), Federal loan insurance quotas applicable to eligible lenders, or to States or areas, and may from time to time reassign unused portions of these quotas.

(20 U.S.C. 1074) Enacted Nov. 8, 1965, P.L. 89-329, title IV, sec. 424, 79 Stat. 1237; amended Aug. 3, 1968, P.L. 90–460, sec. 1, 82 Stat. 634; amended Oct. 16, 1968, P.L. 90-575, title I, sec. 112, 82 Stat. 1020; amended June 23, 1972, P.L. 92-318, sec. 132(a), 86 Stat. 261; amended June 30, 1976, P.L. 94-328, sec. 2(a), 90 Stat. 727; amended Oct. 12, 1976, P.L. 94-482, title I, part D, sec. 127(a), 90 Stat. 2103, 2104.

LIMITATIONS ON INDIVIDUAL FEDERALLY INSURED LOANS AND ON

FEDERAL LOAN INSURANCE

SEC. 425. (a)(1) The total of loans made to a student in any academic year or its equivalent (as determined by the Commissioner) which may be covered by Federal loan insurance under this part may not exceed $2,500 in the case of a student who has not success