standard abbreviations that are used in each table. For footnotes, use the following symbols, in this sequence: ", t. 1. §. ll. ¶.. tt. . . . . Identify statistical measures of variations such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean. Do not use internal horizontal and vertical rules. If you use data from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge fully. The use of too many tables in relation to the length of the text may produce difficulties in the layout of pages. Examine issues of the journal to which you plan to submit your paper to estimate how many tables can be used per 1000 words of text. The editor, on accepting a paper, may recommend that additional tables containing important back-up data too extensive to publish be deposited with an archival service, such as the National Auxiliary Publication Service (NAPS) in the United States, or made available by the authors. In that event, an appropriate statement will be added to the text. Submit such tables for consideration with the paper. ILLUSTRATIONS Submit the required number of complete sets of figures. Figures should be professionally drawn and photographed; freehand or typewritten lettering is unacceptable. Instead of original drawings, roentgenograms, and other material, send sharp, glossy black-and-white photographic prints, usually 127 by 173 mm (5 by 7 in.) but no larger than 203 by 254 mm (8 by 10 in.). Letters, numbers, and symbols should be clear and even throughout, and of sufficient size that when reduced for publication each item will still be legible. Titles and detailed explanations belong in the legends for illustrations, not on the illustrations themselves. Each figure should have a label pasted on its back indicating the number of the figure, author name, and the top of the figure. Do not write on the back of the figures, or scratch or mar them using paper clips. Do not bend figures or mount them on cardboard. Photomicrographs must have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in the photomicrographs should contrast with the background. If photographs of persons are used, either the subjects must not be identifiable or their pictures must be accompanied by written permission to use the photograph. Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been first cited in the text. If a figure has been published, acknowledge the original source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the material. Permission is required, irrespective of authorship or publisher, except for documents in the public domain. For illustrations in color, ascertain whether the journal requires color negatives, positive transparencies, or color prints. Accompanying drawings marked to indicate the region to be reproduced may be useful to the editor. Some journals publish illustrations in color only if the author pays for the extra cost. LEGENDS FOR ILLUSTRATIONS Type legends for illustrations double spaced, starting on a separate page, with arabic numerals corresponding to the illustrations. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain each one clearly in the legend. Explain internal scale and identify method of staining in photomicrographs. Units of Measurement Measurements of length, height, weight, and volume should be reported in metric units (metre, kilogram, litre) or their decimal multiples. Temperatures should be given in degrees Celsius. Blood pressures should be given in millimetres of mer cury. All hematologic and clinical chemistry measurements should be reported in the metric system in terms of the International System of Units (SI). Editors may request that alternative or non-SI units be added by the author before publication. Abbreviations and Symbols Use only standard abbreviations. Avoid abbreviations in the title and abstract. The full term for which an abbreviation stands should precede its first use in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. Submission of Manuscripts Mail the required number of manuscript copies in a heavy-paper envelope, enclosing the manuscript copies and figures in cardboard, if necessary, to prevent bending of photographs during mail handling. Place photographs and transparencies in a separate heavy-paper envelope. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a covering letter. This must include (a) information on prior or duplicate publication or submission elsewhere of any part of the work; (b) a statement of financial or other relationships that might lead to a conflict of interest; (c) a statement that the manuscript has been read and approved by all authors; and (d) the name, address, and telephone number of the corresponding author, who is responsible for communicating with the other authors about revisions and final approval of the proofs. The letter should give any additional information that may be helpful to the editor, such as the type of article in the particular journal the manuscript represents and whether the author(s) will be willing to meet the cost of reproducing color illustrations. The manuscript must be accompanied by copies of any permissions to reproduce published material, to use illustrations or report sensitive personal information of identifiable persons, or to name persons for their contributions. PARTICIPATING JOURNALS The journals listed in Table 1 are those that notified the ICMJE of their willingness to consider for publication manuscripts prepared in accordance with the guid ance given in the second (1982) edition of the Uniform Requirements for the Submission of Manuscripts to Biomedical Journals. Their listing here does not imply that they endorse this present version (3rd) of "Uniform Requirements...". The Index Medicus abbreviations for journal titles are given within square brackets. Table 1. Journals Participating in the Uniform Requirements Agreement Acta Medica Colombiana (Acta Med Colomb] Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica (Acta Orthop Scand] Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica [Acta Paediatr Scand] Acta Pharmacologica Sinica [Acta Pharmacol Sin] AIDS: An International Bimonthly Journal (AIDS] The American Journal of Cardiology [Am J Cardiol] American Journal of Epidemiology [Am J Epidemiol] American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology [Am J Obstet Gynecol] American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics (Am J Optom Physiol Opt] The American Journal of Pathology [Am J Pathol] The American Journal of Psychiatry [Am J Psychiatry] The American Journal of Public Health [Am J Public Health] American Review of Respiratory Disease [Am Rev Respir Dis] Anaesthesia [Anaesthesia] Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (Anaesth Intensive Care] Annals of Clinical Biochemistry (Ann Clin Biochem] The Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Larynogology [Ann Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (Ann Rheum Dis] The Annals of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada [Ann R Coll Physicians Surg Can] Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England [Ann R Coll Surg Engl] Annals of Surgery [Ann Surg] The Annals of Thoracic Surgery (Ann Thorac Surg] Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [Arch Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [Arch Pathol Lab Med] Archives of Surgery [Arch Surg) Archivos de Investigacion Medica [Arch Invest Med (Mex)] Arizona Medicine (Ariz Med] Arteriosclerosis: A Journal of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis [Arteriosclerosis] Australasian Journal of Dermatology (Australas J Dermatol] Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine (Aust NZ J Med] Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology [Aust NZ J Ophthalmol] The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery [Aust NZ J Surg] Australian Family Physician [Aust Fam Physician] Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (Aust J Hosp Pharm] Australian Orthoptic Journal (Aust Orthopt J] Australian Paediatric Journal [Aust Paediatr J] Bangladesh Journal of Child Health [Bangladesh J Child Health] Bibliothek for Laeger [Bibl Laeger] Biomedical Bulletin (Biomed Bull] Boletin de la Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico [Bol Asoc Med PR] Boletin Medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico (Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex] Bordeaux Medical [Bord Med] Brain and Development [Brain Dev] British Homoeopathic Journal [Br Homoeopath J] British Journal of Rheumatology [Br J Rheumatol] British Medical Bulletin [Br Med Bull] British Medical Journal (Br Med J] Bulletin of the Medical Library Association [Bull Med Libr British Osteopathic Journal (Br Osteopath J] Canadian Journal of Public Health [Can J Public Health] Canadian Medical Association Journal (Can Med Assoc J] Central African Journal of Medicine [Cent Afr J Med] Chest (Chest] Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology [Chin J Anesthesiol] Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Disease (Chin J Cardiovasc Chinese Journal of Dermatology (Chin J Dermatol] Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism [Chin J Endocrinol Metab] Chinese Journal of Epidemiology (Chin J Epidemiol] Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery [Chin J Exp Surg) Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Discase [Chin J Ind Hyg Occup Dis] Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases (Chin J Infect Dis] Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology [Chin J Microbiol Immunol] Chinese Journal of Nephrology [Chin J Nephrol] Table 1. (Continued) Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry (Chin J Neurol Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery [Chin J Neurosurg] Chinese Journal of Oncology [Chin J Oncol] Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology [Chin J Ophthalmol] Chinese Journal of Orthopedics [Chin J Orthop] Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery (Chin J Pediatr Surg] Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine ([Chin J Prev Med] Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection [Chin J Radiol Med] Chinese Journal of Radiology [Chin J Radiol} Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases [Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis] Chinese Journal of Urology [Chin J Urol] Chinese Medical Journal [Chin J Med] Chronic Diseases in Canada (Chronic Dis Can] Circulation [Circulation] Clinica Chimica Acta [Clin Chim Acta] Clinical Chemistry [Clin Chem] Clinical and Experimental Optometry (Clin Exp Optom] Clinical and Investigative Medicine [Clin Invest Med] Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics [Clin Pharmacol Clinical Pharmacy [Clin Pharm] Clinical Preventive Dentistry [Clin Prev Dent] Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology [Community Dent Oral Epidemiol] Community Medicine [Community Med] Cuadernos del Hospital de Clinicas [Cua Hosp Clin] Danish Dental Journal [Dan Dent J] Danish Medical Bulletin [Dan Med Bull] Hellenike Cheirourgike [Hell Cheir] Hong Kong Medical Technology Association Journal (Hong Hospital Pharmacy [Hosp Pharm] Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology [Indian J Dermatol Venereol Lepr] Indian Journal of Gastroenterology [Indian J Gastroenterol] Indian Journal of Urology [Indian J Urol] International Disability Studies [Int Disabil Stud] International Journal of Epidemiology [Int J Epidemiol] International Journal of Pediatric Nephrology [Int J Pediatr Nephrol] International Surgery (Int Surg] Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences [Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci] JAMA (Chicago) [JAMA] The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [J Allergy Clin Immunol] Journal of the American College of Cardiology [J Am Coll Journal of the American Medical Association (see JAMA) Journal of the Canadian Association of Radiologists [J Can Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association [J Can Chiropr Assoc] Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery [J Cardiovasc Surg] Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology [J Clin Gastroenterol] Journal of the Danish Medical Association (see Ugeskrift for The Journal of Diabetic Complications [J Diabetic Compl] Journal of Diarrhoeal Disease Research [J Diarrhoeal Dis Res] Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health [J Epidemiol Community Health] Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad [J Fac Med Baghdad] Journal of the Institute of Medicine [J Inst Med] Journal of the Irish Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons [J Ir Coll Physicians Surg] The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine [J Lab Clin Med] The Journal of Maternal and Child Health [J Maternal Child Health] Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics [J Manipulative Physiol Ther] Journal of Medical Ethics [J Med Ethics] Journal of Medical Genetics [J Med Genet] Journal of the National Cancer Institute [JNCI] Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry [J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry] Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology [J Neuropathol Exp Neurol] The Journal of Nuclear Medicine [J Nucl Med] Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology [J Nucl Med Technol] The Journal of Palliative Care [J Palliat Care] Journal of Pathology [J Pathol] Journal of Pharmacy Technology [J Pharm Technol] Journal of Psychosomatic Research [J Psychosom Res] Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps [J R Army Med Corps] Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London [J R Coll Physicians Lond] Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (JR Coll Surg Edinb] Table 1. (Concluded) Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service [J R Nav Med Serv] Journal of the Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences [J Vivekananda Inst Med Sci] Lakartidningen [Lakartidningen] The Lancet (Lancet] Leprosy Review [Lepr Rev] Malaysian Journal of Pathology [Malays J Pathol] Manedsskrift for Praktisk Laegegerning [Manedsskr Prakt Laegegern] Medicina Intensiva [Med Intensiv] Medical Care [Med Care] Medical and Pediatric Oncology [Med Pediatr Oncol] The Medical Journal of Australia [Med J Aust] Medical Laboratory Sciences [Med Lab Sci] Medicina Clinica [Med Clin (Barc)] Medicine (Oxford) [Medicine (Oxford)] Military Medicine [Milit Med] The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine (Mt Sinai J Med (NY)] National Medical Journal of China [Chung Hua I Hsuch Tsa Chih] Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde [Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd] Neurology [Neurology] New Doctor [N Doctor] The New England Journal of Medicine (N Engl J Med] New Zealand Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology [NZ New Zealand Medical Journal [NZ Med J] Newfoundland Medical Association Journal [Newfoundland Med Assoc J] Nigerian Medical Journal [Niger Med J] No To Hattatsu [No To Hattatsu] Nordisk Medicin [Nord Med] North Carolina Medical Journal (NC Med J] Nosokomaka Chronica [Nosokom Chron] Nursing [Nursing] Obstetrics and Gynecology [Obstet Gynecol] Ophthalmology [Ophthalmology] Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery [Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg] Papua New Guinea Medical Journal [Papua New Guinea Med J] Pharmacy Management Combined with the American Journal of Pharmacy [Pharm Manage Comb Am J Pharm] Pathology [Pathology] Pediatric Emergency Care [Pediatr Emerg Care] Pharmaceutisch Weekblad. Scientific Edition [Pharm Weekbl (Sci)] Pharmacological Research Communications [Pharmacol Res Commun] Pharmacotherapy [Pharmacotherapy] The Physician and Sports Medicine (Physician Sports Med] Postgraduate Doctor-Africa [Postgrad Doctor Afr] Postgraduate Doctor-Asia [Postgrad Doctor Asia] Postgraduate Medical Journal (Postgrad Med J] Postgraduate Medicine [Postgrad Med] Psychiatria Fennica (Psychiatr Fenn] Public Health [Public Health] Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal [PR Health Sci J] Quarterly Journal of Medicine [QJ Med] Radiology [Radiology] Revista Chilena de Pediatria (Rev Chil Pediatr] Revista Clinica Espanola [Rev Clin Esp] Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico (Rev Gastroenterol Revista Espanola de Reumatologia [Rev Esp Reumatol] Revista Medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social [Rev Revista Mexicana de Anestesiologia [Rev Mex Anestesiol] Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research [Scand J Dent Res] Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift [Schweiz Med Sexually Transmitted Diseases [Sex Transm Dis] South African Medical Journal [S Afr Med J] The Springfield Clinic Medical Bulletin (Springfield Clin Med Sri Lankan Family Physician [Sri Lankan Fam Physician] Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening [Tidsskr Nor Transactions-American Society for Artificial Internal Organs [Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs] Transfusion [Transfusion] Tropical Gastroenterology [Trop Gastroenterol] Ugeskrift for Laeger [Ugeskr Laeger] Ulster Medical Journal (Ulster Med J] Undersea Biomedical Research [Undersea Biomed Res] Veterinary Radiology [Vet Radiol] The West Virginia Medical Journal [W Va Med J] World Health Statistics Quarterly (World Health Stat Q] Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine [Yale J Biol Med] |