Elements of Physical Manipulation, Part 1Hurd & Houghton, 1873 |
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Page v
... various kinds of errors present in all physical experiments . A short description is also given of the various methods of measuring distances , time and weights , which , in fact , form the basis of all physical inves- tigation . This ...
... various kinds of errors present in all physical experiments . A short description is also given of the various methods of measuring distances , time and weights , which , in fact , form the basis of all physical inves- tigation . This ...
Page 1
... various bodies to the action of these forces , and note under what circumstances the desired effect is produced ; this is called an experiment . In- vestigations may be of several kinds . First , we may simply wish to know whether a ...
... various bodies to the action of these forces , and note under what circumstances the desired effect is produced ; this is called an experiment . In- vestigations may be of several kinds . First , we may simply wish to know whether a ...
Page 4
... various methods are used to obtain the same result , and some being more accurate than others are said to have greater weight . Again , if one was obtained as the mean of two , and the second of three similar observations , their ...
... various methods are used to obtain the same result , and some being more accurate than others are said to have greater weight . Again , if one was obtained as the mean of two , and the second of three similar observations , their ...
Page 6
... various applications of the Theory of Probabilities to the discussion of observations , the reader is re- ferred to the following works . Méthode des Moindres Carrées par Ch . Fr. Gauss , trad . par J. Bertrand , Paris , 1855 , Watson's ...
... various applications of the Theory of Probabilities to the discussion of observations , the reader is re- ferred to the following works . Méthode des Moindres Carrées par Ch . Fr. Gauss , trad . par J. Bertrand , Paris , 1855 , Watson's ...
Page 7
... various values of A in the first column , those of B in the second , we form a third column , in which each term is found by subtracting the value of B from that preceding it ; the remainders are called the first differences D ' . In ...
... various values of A in the first column , those of B in the second , we form a third column , in which each term is found by subtracting the value of B from that preceding it ; the remainders are called the first differences D ' . In ...
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
abscissas accuracy accurate amount angle angle of incidence Apparatus attached axis barometer beam beam compasses brass Bunsen burner centre clamp coincide column compute contour lines cord correction cross-hairs decimetre determined diameter distance divided divisions draw equal error Experiment eye-piece fastened focus friction gives graduated circle holes horizontal hydrometer inches index of refraction instrument intervals latter length lens light liquid lower marked meas measure mercury meter method micrometer microscope millimetre minute mirror moving nearly object observations obtained ordinates paper parallel pass pendulum piece placed plane plate of glass polariscope polarized position pressure prism reading reflected refraction remove Repeat residual curve scale scale-pan screw side slide slit specific gravity spherometer stand stopcock surface take the mean telescope temperature tenths turn varying velocity vernier vertical vessel vibrations volume weight wire
Popular passages
Page 89 - Archimedes stated that a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
Page 146 - ... that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is constant for refraction in the same medium, was effected by Snell and Descartes.
Page 71 - ... (2) The friction is independent of the extent of the surfaces in contact so long as the normal pressure remains the same.
Page 6 - The principle upon which it is proposed to solve this problem is, that the proposed observations should be rejected when the probability of the system of errors obtained by retaining them is less than that of the system of errors obtained by their rejection multiplied by the probability of making so many, and no more, abnormal observations.
Page 3 - Now, according to Art. 11, the most probable system of values of x, y, z.... (and, consequently, the most probable system of errors) is that which makes the sum of the squares of the errors a minimum: thus, we are to reduce to a minimum the function [vv~] = v'v' + v"v" + v'"v'" + .... Regarding [rr] as a function of the variables x,y,z...
Page v - To meet this want the present work has been prepared, based on the experience gained in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the past four years. The preliminary chapter is devoted to general methods of investigation, and the more common applications of the mathematics to the discussion of results. The graphical method does not seem to have attracted the attention it deserves ; it is accordingly compared here with the analytical method. Some new developments of it are moreover inserted....
Page 100 - ... movable clips placed on the coils. Since the oscillator generates quite a strong second harmonic at least over its higher range, the actual frequency variation is from 75 to 500 megacycles. The over-all length of the oscillator including tubes is about nine inches. It is mounted on a movable base in such a way that it may be raised or lowered at will. In order to demonstrate that the field of the 2-3 16A oscillator is indeed of the inverted symmetrical type, a curve was plotted like that in Fig....
Page vi - is as follows. Each experiment is assigned to a table on which the necessary apparatus is kept and where it is always used. A board called an indicator is hung on the wall of the room, and carries two sets of cards opposite to each other, the one bearing the names of the experiments, the other those of the students. When the class enters the laboratory each member goes to the indicator, sees what experiment is assigned to him, then to the proper table where he finds the instruments required, and...
Page vii - Instructions as to calculating and entering up the results follow, and Professor Pickering continues : By following this plan an instructor can readily superintend classes of about twenty at a time and is free to pass from one to another answering questions and seeing that no mistakes are made.
Page 54 - Make this weighing with care, and repeat two or three times, as when observing the upper point. Subtract each of the weights when the vessel was full, from the mean of those last taken, and the difference gives the weight of the water contained between the lower point and each of the other observed levels. Now to determine the volume, we have given by Kater, the weight of 1 cubic inch of distilled water at 62° F., and 30 inches pressure, equals 252.456 grains, and 1 gramme equals 15.432 grains....