Packages left by soldiers and sailors and returned to their country after death are treated the same as the articles comprised in the first paragraph of No. 1.

2. Rags (including those for making paper), with the exception, as to cholera, of compressed rags transported as wholesale merchandise in hooped bales.

Fresh waste coming directly from spinning mills, weaving mills, manufactories, or bleacheries; artificial wools (shoddy) and fresh paper trimmings shall not be forbidden.

ART. 13. The transit of the merchandise and articles specified under Nos. I and 2 of the preceding article shall not be prohibited if they are so packed that they cannot be manipulated en route.

Likewise, when the merchandise or articles are transported in such a manner that it is impossible for them to have been in contact with contaminated articles en route, their transit across an infected territorial area shall not constitute an obstacle to their entry into the country of destination.

ART. 14. The merchandise and articles specified under Nos. 1 and 2 of Article 12 shall not be subject to the application of the measures prohibiting entry if it is proven to the authorities of the country of destination that they were shipped at least five days before the beginning of the epidemic.

ART. 15. The mode and place of disinfection, as well as the methods to be employed for the destruction of rats, shall be determined by the authorities of the country of destination. These operations should be performed in such a manner as to cause the least possible injury to the articles.

It shall devolve upon each nation to determine the question as to the possible payment of damages as a result of disinfection or of the destruction of rats.

If, on the occasion of the taking of measures for the destruction of rats on board vessels, the health authorities should levy a tax either directly or through a society or private individual, the rate of such tax must be fixed by a tariff published in advance and so calculated that no profit shall be derived by the nation or the health department from its application as a whole.

ART. 16. Letters and correspondence, printed matter, books, newspapers, business papers, etc. (parcels post not included), shall not be subjected to any restriction or disinfection.

ART. 17. Merchandise arriving by land or by sea shall not be detained at frontiers or in ports.

The only measures which it is permissible to prescribe with regard to them are specified in Article 12 hereinabove.

However, if merchandise arriving by sea in bulk or in defective bales has been contaminated during the passage by rats known to be stricken with plague, and if it cannot be disinfected, the destruction of the germs may be insured by storing it in a warehouse for a maximum period of two weeks.

It is understood that the application of this last measure shall not entail any delay upon the vessel or any extra expense as a result of the lack of warehouses in the ports.

ART. 18. When merchandise has been disinfected by applying the provisions of Article 12, or temporarily warehoused in accordance with the third paragraph

of Article 17, the owner or his representative shall be entitled to demand from the health authority who has ordered the disinfection or storage, a certificate setting forth the measures taken.

ART. 19. Baggage. The disinfection of the soiled linen, wearing apparel, and articles of baggage or furniture (household goods) coming from a territorial area declared to be contaminated shall only take place in cases when the health authority considers them to be contaminated.

Section III. Measures in Ports and at Maritime Frontiers

ART. 20. Classification of vessels. A vessel is considered as infected which has plague or cholera on board, or which has presented one or more cases of plague or cholera within seven days.

A vessel is considered as suspicious on board of which there were cases of plague or cholera at the time of departure or have been during the voyage, but on which there have been no new cases within seven days.

A vessel is considered as uninfected which, although coming from an infected port, has had neither death nor any case of plague or cholera on board either before departure, during the voyage, or at the time of arrival.

ART. 21. Ships infected with plague shall be subjected to the following

measures:

1. Medical inspection.

2. The patients shall be immediately landed and isolated.

3. The other persons shall also be landed, if possible, and subjected, from the date of their arrival, either to an observation1 which shall not exceed five days and may be followed or not by a surveillance of five days at most, or simply to a surveillance not to exceed ten days.

It is within the discretion of the health authority of the port to apply whichever of these measures appears preferable to him according to the date of the last case, the condition of the vessel, and the local possibilities.

8

4. The soiled linen, wearing apparel, and other articles of the crew and passengers which are considered by the health authority as being contaminated shall be disinfected.

5. The parts of the vessel which have been occupied by persons stricken with plague, or which are considered by the health authority as being contaminated, shall be disinfected.

6. The destruction of the rats on the vessel shall take place before or after the discharge of the cargo as rapidly as possible, and at all events within a maximum period of forty-eight hours, avoiding injury to the cargo, the plating, and the engines.

1 By "observation" is meant the isolation of the passengers, either on board a vessel or at a sanitary station, before they are granted pratique.

2 By "surveillance " is meant that the passengers are not isolated and that they immediately obtain pratique, but that the attention of the authorities is called to them wherever they go, and that they are subjected to a medical examination to ascertain the state of their health.

8 The term "crew" is applied to all persons who form or have formed part of the crew or of the servants on board the vessel, including stewards, waiters, "cafedji," etc. The term is to be construed in this sense wherever employed in the present convention.

In the case of vessels in ballast this operation shall be performed as soon as possible before taking on cargo.

ART. 22. Vessels suspected of plague shall be subjected to the measures indicated under Nos. 1, 4, and 5 of Article 21.

Moreover, the crew and passengers may be subjected to a surveillance not to exceed five days from the arrival of the vessel. The landing of the crew may be forbidden during the same period except in connection with the service.

It is recommended that the rats on the vessel be destroyed. This destruction should be effected before or after the discharge of cargo as rapidly as possible, and at all events within a maximum period of forty-eight hours, avoiding injury to the merchandise, plating, and engines.

In case of vessels in ballast this operation shall be performed, if there is occasion for it, as soon as possible and at all events before taking on cargo.

ART. 23. Vessels uninfected with plague shall be granted pratique immediately, whatever be the nature of their bill of health.

The only measures which the authority of the port of arrival may prescribe with regard to them shall be the following:

1. Medical inspection.

2. Disinfection of the soiled linen, wearing apparel, and other articles of the crew and passengers, but only in exceptional cases when the health authority has special reason to believe that they are contaminated.

3. Although not to be adopted as a general rule, the health authority may subject vessels coming from a contaminated port to an operation designed to destroy the rats on board, either before or after the discharge of the cargo. This operation should take place as soon as possible and should not in any event last more than twenty-four hours, avoiding injury to the cargo, plating, and engines, and avoiding hindrance to the movement of the passengers and crew between the vessel and the shore. In case of vessels in ballast this operation, if there is occasion for it, should take place as soon as possible and at all events before taking on cargo. When a vessel hailing from a contaminated port has been subjected to an operation for the destruction of rats, this operation shall not be repeated unless the vessel has stopped and moored at a wharf in a contaminated port, or unless the presence of dead or diseased rats is discovered on board.

The crew and passengers may be subjected to a surveillance not to exceed five days from the date on which the vessel left the contaminated port. The landing of the crew may also be forbidden during the same time except in connection with the service.

The competent authority of the port of arrival may always demand an affidavit from the ship's physician, or, in default of such physician, from the captain, to the effect that there has not been a case of plague on the vessel since its departure and that no unusual mortality among the rats has been observed.

ART. 24. When rats have been recognized as plague-stricken on board an uninfected vessel as a result of a bacteriological examination, or when an unusual mortality has been discovered among these rodents, the following measures shall be applied:

I. Vessels with plague-stricken rats:

a) Medical inspection.

b) The rats shall be destroyed either before or after the discharge of the cargo as rapidly as possible, and at all events within a maximum period of forty-eight hours, avoiding injury to the cargo, plating, and engines. On vessels in ballast this operation shall be performed as soon as possible and at all events before taking on cargo.

c) The parts of the vessel and the articles which the health authority considers to be contaminated shall be disinfected.

d) The passengers and crew may be subjected to a surveillance whose duration shall not exceed five days from the date of arrival, save exceptional cases, in which the health authority may prolong the surveillance to a maximum of ten days. II. Vessels on which an unusual mortality among rats is discovered :

a) Medical inspection.

b) An examination of the rats with regard to the plague shall be made as far and as quickly as possible.

c) If the destruction of the rats is deemed necessary, it shall take place under the conditions indicated above for vessels with plague-stricken rats.

d) Until all suspicion is removed, the passengers and the crew may be subjected to a surveillance whose duration shall not exceed five days from the date of arrival, save exceptional cases, in which the health authority may prolong the surveillance to a maximum of ten days.

ART. 25. The health authority of the port shall deliver to the captain or to the shipowner or his agent, whenever demanded, a certificate to the effect that the measures for the destruction of rats have been applied, and stating the reasons for their application.

ART. 26. Vessels infected with cholera shall be subjected to the following

measures:

1. Medical inspection.

2. The patients shall be immediately landed and isolated.

3. The other persons shall likewise be landed, if possible, and subjected, from the date of arrival of the vessel, to an observation or a surveillance whose duration shall vary according to the sanitary condition of the vessel and the date of the last case, without, however, exceeding five days.

4. The soiled linen, wearing apparel, and other articles of the crew and passengers which are considered by the health authority of the port as being contaminated shall be disinfected.

5. The parts of the vessel which have been occupied by cholera patients or which are considered by the health authority as being contaminated shall be disinfected.

6. The bilge water shall be discharged after disinfection.

The health authority may order the substitution of good drinking water for that stored on board.

It may be forbidden to throw human excrements or allow them to run into the water of a port unless they are previously disinfected.

ART. 27. Vessels suspected of cholera shall be subjected to the measures prescribed under Nos. 1, 4, 5, and 6 of Article 26.

The crew and passengers may be subjected to a surveillance not to exceed five days from the arrival of the vessel. It is recommended that the landing of the crew be prevented during the same period except for purposes connected with the service.

ART. 28. Vessels uninfected with cholera shall be granted pratique immediately, whatever be the nature of their bill of health.

The only measures to which they may be subjected by the health authority of the port of arrival shall be those provided under Nos. 1, 4, and 6 of Article 26. With regard to the state of their health, the crew and passengers may be subjected to a surveillance not to exceed five days from the date on which the vessel left the contaminated port.

It is recommended that the landing of the crew be forbidden during the same period except for purposes connected with the service.

The competent authority of the port of arrival may always demand an affidavit from the ship's physician, or, in the absence of such, from the captain, to the effect that there has not been a case of cholera on board since the vessel sailed.

ART. 29. In order to apply the measures indicated in Articles 21 to 28, the competent authority shall take account of the presence of a physician and of disinfecting apparatuses (chambers) on board the vessels of the three categories mentioned above.

In regard to plague, he shall likewise take account of the installation on board of apparatus for the destruction of rats.

The health authorities of nations which may deem it suitable to reach an understanding on this point may excuse from the medical inspection and other measures those uninfected vessels which have on board a physician specially commissioned by their country.

ART. 30. Special measures may be prescribed in regard to crowded vessels, especially emigrant vessels or any others presenting bad hygienic conditions.

ART. 31. Any vessel not desiring to submit to the obligations imposed by the authority of the port by virtue of the stipulations of the present convention shall be free to put to sea again.

It may be permitted to land its cargo after the necessary precautions have been taken, viz.:

I. Isolation of the vessel, crew, and passengers.

2. In regard to plague, inquiry as to the existence of an unusual mortality among the rats.

3. In regard to cholera, the discharge of the bilge water after disinfection and the substitution of good drinking water for that stored on board the vessel.

It may also be permitted to land passengers who so request, upon condition that they submit to the measures prescribed by the local authority.

ART. 32. Vessels hailing from a contaminated port, which have been disinfected and subjected to sanitary measures applied in an efficient manner, shall not undergo the same measures a second time upon their arrival in a new port,