United States Code

1955, ch. 867, § 5 (f), 69 Stat. 712; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85-791, § 22, 72 Stat. 948.)

AMENDMENTS

1958-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85-791 substituted "transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary, and thereupon the Secretary shall file in the court the record of the industry committee" for "served upon the Secretary, and thereupon the Secretary shall certify and file in the court a transcript of the record" in the second sentence, and inserted "as provided in section 2112 of Title 28", and substituted "petition" for "transcript" in the third sentence.

1955 Suosec. (a) amended generally by act Aug. 12, 1955, to make subsection conform to the new procedure applicable to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions of all other officers of the Department of Labor and functions of all agencies and employees of that Department were, with the exception of the functions vested by the Administrative Procedure Act (section 1001 et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees) in hearing examiners employed by the Department, transferred to the Secretary of Labor, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or the performance of any of his functions by any of those officers, agencies, and employees, by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 6, §§ 1, 2, 15 F. R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in note under section 611 of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

SECRETARY OF LABOR

The term "Secretary" as meaning the Secretary of Labor, see section 6 of act Aug. 12, 1955, set out as a note under section 204 of this title.

Cross REFERENCES

Employees performing services within foreign country or certain territory under jurisdiction of United States as not subject to provisions of this section, see section 213 (f) of this title.

§ 211. Investigations, inspections, records, and homework regulations.

(a) The Administrator or his designated representatives may investigate and gather data regarding the wages, hours, and other conditions and practices of employment in any industry subject to this chapter, and may enter and inspect such places and such records (and make such transcriptions thereof), question such employees, and investigate such facts, conditions, practices, or matters as he may deem necessary or appropriate to determine whether any person has violated any provision of this chapter, or which may aid in the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter. Except as provided in section 212 of this title and in subsection (b) of this section, the Administrator shall utilize the bureaus and divisions of the Department of Labor for all the investigations and inspections necessary under this section. Except as provided in section 212 of this title, the Administrator shall bring all actions under section 217 of this title to restrain violations of this chapter. (b) With the consent and cooperation of State agencies charged with the administration of State labor laws, the Administrator and the Secretary of Labor may, for the purpose of carrying our their respective functions and duties under this chapter. utilize the services of State and local agencies and their employees and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, may reimburse such State and local agencies and their employees for services rendered for such purposes.

chapter shall make, keep, and preserve such records of the persons employed by him and of the wages, hours, and other conditions and practices of employment maintained by him, and shall preserve such records for such periods of time, and shall make such reports therefrom to the Administrator as he shall prescribe by regulation or order as necessary or appropriate for the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter or the regulations or orders thereunder.

(d) The Administrator is authorized to make such regulations and orders regulating, restricting, or prohibiting industrial homework as are necessary or appropriate to prevent the circumvention or evasion of and to safeguard the minimum wage rate prescribed in this chapter, and all existing regulations or orders of the Administrator relating to industrial homework are continued in full force and effect. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 11, 52 Stat. 1066; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F. R. 7873, 60 Stat. 1095; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 9, 63 Stat. 916.)

AMENDMENTS

1949 Subsec. (d). Act Oct. 26, 1949, added subsec. (d). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1949 AMENDMENT Amendment of section by act Oct. 26, 1949, effective ninety days after October 26, 1949, see note set out under section 202 of this title.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

In subsection (b), "Secretary of Labor" was substituted for "Chief of the Children's Bureau" by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2. See note under section 203 of this title.

CROSS REFERENCES

Attendance of witnesses and production of books, papers, and documents, see section 209 of this title. § 212. Child labor provisions.

(a) No producer, manufacturer, or dealer shall ship or deliver for shipment in commerce any goods produced in an establishment situated in the United States in or about which within thirty days prior to the removal of such goods therefrom any oppressive child labor has been employed: Provided, That any such shipment or delivery for shipment of such goods by a purchaser who acquired them in good faith in reliance on written assurance from the producer, manufacturer, or dealer that the goods were produced in compliance with the requirements of this section, and who acquired such goods for value without notice of any such violation, shall not be deemed prohibited by this subsection: And provided further, That a prosecution and conviction of a defendant for the shipment or delivery for shipment of any goods under the conditions herein prohibited shall be a bar to any further prosecution against the same defendant for shipments or deliveries for shipment of any such goods before the beginning of said prosecution.

(b) The Secretary of Labor or any of his authorized representatives, shall make all investigations and inspections under section 211 (a) of this title with respect to the employment of minors, and, subject to the direction and control of the Attorney General, shall bring all actions under section 217 of this title to enjoin any act or practice which is unlawful by reason of the existence of oppressive child labor, and shall administer all other provisions of this chapter relating to oppressive child labor.

(c) No employer shall employ any oppressive child labor in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce or in any enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 12, 52 Stat. 1067; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7873, 60 Stat. 1095; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 10, 63 Stat. 917; May 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-30, § 8, 75 Stat. 70.)

AMENDMENTS

1961-Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87-30 added the words "or in any enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce."

1949-Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 26, 1949, § 10 (a), omitted obsolete effective date at beginning of subsection and inserted proviso excepting good faith purchaser of goods produced by oppressive child labor.

Subsec. (c). Act Oct. 26, 1949, § 10 (b) added subsec. (c).

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1961 AMENDMENT

Amendment of section by Pub. L. 87-30 effective upon expiration of one hundred and twenty days after May 5, 1961, except as otherwise provided, see section 14 of Pub. L. 87-30, set out as a note under section 203 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1949 AMENDMENT

Amendment of section by act Oct. 26, 1949, effective ninety days after Oct. 26, 1949, see note set out under section 202 of this title.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions of all other officers of the Department of Labor and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department were, with the exception of the functions vested by the Administrative Procedure Act (section 1001 et seq. of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees) in hearing examiners employed by such Department, transferred to the Secretary of Labor, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or the performance of any of his functions by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 6, §§ 1, 2, 15 F. R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in note under section 611 of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

In subsection (b), "Secretary of Labor" was substituted for "Chief of the Children's Bureau in the Department of Labor" by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2. See note under section 203 of this title.

CROSS REFERENCES

Employees performing services within foreign country or certain territory under jurisdiction of United States as not subject to provisions of this section, see section 213 (f) of this title.

§ 213. Exemptions.

(a) The provisions of sections 206 and 207 of this title shall not apply with respect to

(1) any employee employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity, or in the capacity of outside salesman (as such terms are defined and delimited from time to time by regulations of the Secretary, subject to the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act, except than an employee of a retail or service

establishment shall not be excluded from the definition of employee employed in a bona fide executive or administrative capacity because of the number of hours in his workweek which he devotes to activities not directly or closely related to the performance of executive or administrative activities, if less than 40 per centum of his hours worked in the workweek are devoted to such activities); or

(2) any employee employed by any retail or service establishment, more than 50 per centum of which establishment's annual dollar volume of sales of goods or services is made within the State in which the establishment is located, if such establishment—

(i) is not in an enterprise described in section 203 (s) of this title, or

(ii) is in such an enterprise and is a hotel, motel, restaurant, or motion picture theater; or is an amusement or recreational establishment that operates on a seasonal basis, or

(iii) is in such an enterprise and is a hospital, or an institution which is primarily engaged in the care of the sick, the aged, the mentally ill or defective, residing on the premises of such institution, or a school for physically or mentally handicapped or gifted children, or

(iv) is in such an enterprise and has an annual dollar volume of sales (exclusive of excise taxes at the retail level which are separately stated) which is less than $250,000.

A "retail or service establishment" shall mean an establishment 75 per centum of whose annual dollar volume of sales of goods or services (or of both) is not for resale and is recognized as retail sales or services in the particular industry; or

(3) any employee employed by any establishment engaged in laundering, cleaning, or repairing clothing or fabrics, more than 50 per centum of which establishment's annual dollar volume of sales of such services is made within the State in which the establishment is located: Provided, That 75 per centum of such establishment's annual dollar volume of sales of such services is made to customers who are not engaged in a mining, manufacturing, transportation, or communications business; or

(4) any employee employed by an establishment which qualifies as an exempt retail establishment under clause (2) of this subsection and is recognized as a retail establishment in the particular industry notwithstanding that such establishment makes or processes at the retail establishment the goods that it sells: Provided, That more than 85 per centum of such establishment's annual dollar volume of sales of goods so made or processed is made within the State in which the establishment is located; or

(5) any employee employed in the catching, taking, propagating, harvesting, cultivating, or farming of any kind of fish, shellfish, crustacea, sponges, seaweeds, or other aquatic forms of animal and vegetable life, or in the first processing, canning or packing such marine products at sea as an incident to, or in conjunction with, such

fishing operations, including the going to and returning from work and loading and unloading when performed by any such employee; or

(6) any employee employed in agriculture or in connection with the operation or maintenance of ditches, canals, reservoirs, or waterways, not owned or operated for profit, or operated on a share-crop basis, and which are used exclusively for supply and storing of water for agricultural purposes; or

(7) any employee to the extent that such employee is exempted by regulations or orders of the Secretary issued under section 214 of this title; or

(8) any employee employed in connection with the publication of any weekly, semiweekly, or daily newspaper with a circulation of less than four thousand the major part of which circulation is within the county where printed and published or counties contiguous thereto; or

(9) any employee of a street, suburban or interurban electric railway, or local trolley or motor bus carrier, not in the enterprise described in section 203 (s) (2) of this title; or

(10) any individual employed within the area of production (as defined by the Secretary), engaged in handling, packing, storing, compressing pasteurizing, drying, preparing in their raw or natural state, or canning of agricultural or horticultural commodities for market, or in making cheese or butter or other dairy products; or

(11) any switchboard operator employed by an independently owned public telephone company which has not more than seven hundred and fifty stations; or

(12) any employee of an employer engaged in the business of operating taxicabs; or

(13) any employee or proprietor in a retail or service establishment, which qualifies as an exempt retail or service establishment under clause (2) of this subsection with respect to whom the provisions of sections 206 and 207 of this title would not otherwise apply, engaged in handling telegraphic messages for the public under an agency or contract arrangement with a telegraph company where the telegraph message revenue of such agency does not exceed $500 a month; or

(14) any employee employed as a seaman on a vessel other than an American vessel; or

(15) any employee employed in planting or tending trees, cruising, surveying, or felling timber, or in preparing or transporting logs or other forestry products to the mill, processing plant, railroad, or other transportation terminal, if the number of employees employed by his employer in such forestry or lumbering operations does not exceed twelve; or

(16) any employee with respect to his employment in agriculture by a farmer, notwithstanding other employment of such employee in connection with livestock auction operations in which such farmer is engaged as an adjunct to the raising of livestock, either on his own account or in conjunction with other farmers, if such employee (A) is primarily employed during his workweek in agriculture by such farmer, and (B) is paid

for his employment in connection with such livestock auction operations at a wage rate not less than that prescribed by section 206(a)(1) of this title; or

(17) any

employee employed within the area of production (as defined by the Secretary) by an establishment commonly recognized as a country elevator, including such an establishment which sells products and services used in the operation of a farm: Provided, That no more than five employees are employed in the establishment in such operations; or

(18) any employee engaged in ginning of cotton for market, in any place of employment located in a county where cotton is grown in commercial quantities; or

(19) any employee of a retail or service establishment which is primarily engaged in the business of selling automobiles, trucks, or farm implements; or

(20) any employee of a retail or service establishment who is employed primarily in connection with the preparation or offering of food or beverages for human consumption, either on the premises, or by such services as catering, banquet, box lunch, or curb or counter service, to the public, to employees, or to members or guests of members of clubs; or

(21) any agricultural employee employed in the growing and harvesting of shade-grown tobacco who is engaged in the processing (including, but not limited to, drying, curing, fermenting, bulking, rebulking, sorting, grading, aging, and baling) of such tobacco, prior to the stemming process, for use as cigar wrapper tobacco; or

(22) any employee engaged (A) in the transportation and preparation for transportation of fruits or vegetables, whether or not performed by the farmer, from the farm to a place of first processing or first marketing within the same State, or (B) in transportation, whether or not performed by the farmer, between the farm and any point within the same State of persons employed or to be employed in the harvesting of fruits or vegetables.

(b) The provisions of section 207 of this title shall not apply with respect to

(1) any employee with respect to whom the Interstate Commerce Commission has power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions of section 304 of Title 49; or

(2) any employee of an employer subject to the provisions of part I of the Interstate Commerce Act; or

(3) any employee of a carrier by air subject to the provisions of sections 181-188 of Title 45; or (4) any employee employed in the canning, processing, marketing, freezing, curing, storing, packing for shipment, or distributing of any kind of fish, shellfish, or other aquatic forms of animal or vegetable life, or any byproduct thereof; or

(5) any individual employed as an outside buyer of poultry, eggs, cream, or milk, in their raw or natural state; or

(9) any employee employed as an announcer, news editor, or chief engineer by a radio or television station the major studio of which is located (A) in a city or town of one hundred thousand population or less, according to the latest available decennial census figures as compiled by the Bureau of the Census, except where such city or town is part of a standard metropolitan statistical area, as defined and designated by the Bureau of the Budget, which has a total population in excess of one hundred thousand, or (B) in a city or town of twenty-five thousand population or less, which is part of such an area but is at least 40 airline miles from the principal city in such area; or

(10) any employee of an independently owned and controlled local enterprise (including an enterprise with more than one bulk storage establishment) engaged in the wholesale or bulk distribution of petroleum products if (A) the annual gross volume of sales of such enterprise is not more than $1,000,000 exclusive of excise taxes, and (B) more than 75 per centum of such enterprise's annual dollar volume of sales is made within the State in which such enterprise is located, and (C) not more than 25 per centum of the annual dollar volume of sales of such enterprise is to customers who are engaged in the bulk distribution of such products for resale; or

(11) any employee employed as a driver or driver's helper making local deliveries, who is compensated for such employment on the basis of trip rates, or other delivery payment plan, if the Secretary shall find that such plan has the general purpose and effect of reducing hours worked by such employees to, or below, the maximum workweek applicable to them under section 207(a) of this title.

(c) The provisions of section 212 of this title relating to child labor shall not apply with respect to any employee employed in agriculture outside of school hours for the school district where such employee is living while he is so employed, or to any child employed as an actor or performer in motion pictures or theatrical productions, or in radio or television productions.

(d) The provisions of sections 206, 207, and 212 of this title shall not apply with respect to any employee engaged in the delivery of newspapers to the consumer or to any homeworker engaged in the making of wreaths composed principally of natural holly, pine, cedar, or other evergreens (including the harvesting of the evergreens or other forest products used in making such wreaths).

(e) The provisions of section 207 of this title shall not apply with respect to employees for whom the Secretary of Labor is authorized to establish minimum wage rates as provided in section 206 (a) (3) of this title, except with respect to employees for whom such rates are in effect; and with respect to

such employees the Secretary may make rules and regulations providing reasonable limitations and allowing reasonable variations, tolerances, and exemptions to and from any or all of the provisions of section 207 of this title if he shall find, after a public hearing on the matter, and taking into account the factors set forth in section 206 (a) (3) of this title, that economic conditions warrant such action.

(f) The provisions of sections 206, 207, 211 and 212 of this title shall not apply with respect to any employee whose services during the workweek are performed in a workplace within a foreign country or within territory under the jurisdiction of the United States other than the following: a State of the United States; the District of Columbia: Puerto Rico; the Virgin Islands; outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act; American Samoa; Guam; Wake Island; and the Canal Zone. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 13, 52 Stat. 1067; Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 605, 53 Stat. 1266; Oct. 26, 1943, ch. 736, § 11, 63 Stat. 917; Aug. 8, 1956, ch. 1035, § 3, 70 Stat. 1118; Aug. 30 1957, Pub. L. 85-231, § 1(1), 71 Stat. 514; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86-624, § 21(b), 74 Stat. 417; May 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-30, §§ 9, 10, 75 Stat. 71, 74.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Administrative Procedure Act, referred to in subsec. (a) (1), is classified to chapter 19 of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees

Part I of the Interstate Commerce Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is classified to chapter 1 of Title 49, Transportation.

Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is classified to section 1331 et seq. of Title 43, Public Lands.

AMENDMENTS

1961-Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, substituted "any employee employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity, or in the capacity of outside salesman (as such terms are defined and delimited from time to time by regulations of the Secretary, subject to, the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act" and the exception provision for "any employee employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, professional, or local retailing capacity, or in the capacity of outside salesman (as such terms are defined and delimited by regulations of the Administrator)."

Subsec. (a) (2). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, inserted the conditional provision, including subclauses (1)—(iv). Subsec. (a) (5). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, inserted "propagating" and "or in the first processing, canning or packing such marine products at sea as an incident to, or in conjunction with, such fishing operations" following "taking" and "life", respectively, and substituted "loading and unloading when performed by any such employee" for "including employment in the loading, unloading, or packing of such products for shipment or in propagating, processing (other than canning), marketing, freezing, curing, storing, or distributing the above products or byproducts thereof", now incorporated in subsec. (b) (4) of this section.

Subsec. (a) (7). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, substituted "Secretary" for "Administrator."

Subsec. (a) (9). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, substituted "not in an enterprise described in section 203 (s) (2) of this title" for "not included in other exemptions contained in this section.".

Subsec. (a) (10). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, substituted "Secretary" for "Administrator" and eliminated "ginning" following "storing."

Subsec. (a) (11). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, substituted "by an independently owned public telephone company" for "in a public telephone exchange."

Subsec. (a) (13). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, substituted "which qualifies as an exempt retail or service establishment

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, extended the exemption to any employee in the processing, marketing, freezing, curing, storing, packing for shipment, or distributing of aquatic forms of life, formerly contained in subsec. (a) (5) of this section.

Subsec. (b)(6)—(11). Pub. L. 87-30, § 9, added clauses (6)—(11).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87-30, § 10, extended the nonapplicability of sections 206, 207, and 212 of this title to any homeworker engaged in the making of evergreen wreaths.

1960-Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 86-624 eliminated "Alaska; Hawaii;" preceding "Puerto Rico."

1957-Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 85-231 added subsec. (f). 1956 Subsec. (e). Act Aug. 8, 1956, added subsec. (b). 1949-Subsec. (a)(2). Act Oct. 26, 1949, clarified exemption by defining term "retail or service establishment" and stated conditions under which exemption shall apply.

Subsec. (a) (3). Act Oct. 26, 1949, redesignated former cl. (3) as (14) and added cl. (3) providing a limited exemption to employees of laundries and establishments engaged in laundering, cleaning, or repairing clothing of fabrics.

Subsec. (a) (4). Act Oct. 26, 1949, redesignated former cl. (4) as subsec. (b)(3) and cl. (4) providing limited exemption to employees of retail establishments making or processing goods.

Subsec. (a) (5). Act Oct. 26, 1949, omitted canning of fish, shellfish, etc., which is now covered by subsec. (b) (4).

Subsec. (a) (6). Act Oct. 26, 1949, added irrigation workers to the exemption.

Subsec. (a) (8). Act Oct. 26, 1949, extended exemption to employees of newspapers published daily, increased circulation limitation from 3,000 to 4,000, and increased circulation area to include counties contiguous to county of publication.

Subsec. (a) (10). Act Oct. 26, 1949, omitted "to" preceding "any individual".

Subsec. (a) (11). Act. Oct. 26, 1949, increased number of stations from, less than 500, to, not more than 750. Subsec. (a) (12), and (13). Act. Oct. 26, 1949, added subsec. (a) (12) and (13).

Subsec. (a) (14). Act. Oct. 26, 1949, redesignated former clause (3) as (14).

Subsec. (a) (15). Act Oct. 26, 1949, added subsec. (a) (15).

Subsec. (b). (5).

Act Oct. 26, 1949, added cls. (3), (4), and

Subsec. (c). Act Oct. 26, 1949, substituted "outside of school * • so employed" for "while not legally attend school" following "in agricultural", and added radio or television productions to the exemption. Subsec. (d). Act Oct. 26, 1949, added subsec. (d). 1939 Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 9, 1939, added cl. (11). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1961 AMENDMENT

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1957 AMENDMENT

Pub. L. 85-231, § 2, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending subsec. (f) of this section, and sections 216 (d) and 217 of this title] shall take effect upon the expiration of ninety days from the date of its enactment [Aug. 30, 1957]."

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1949 AMENDMENT Amendment of section by act Oct. 26, 1949, effective ninety days after Oct. 26, 1949, see note set out under section 202 of this title.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Section 13 of Pub. L. 87-30 provided that: "The Secretary of Labor shall study the complicated system of exemptions now available for the handling and processing of agricultural products under such Act [this chapter] and particularly sections 7(b) (3), 7(c), and 13(a)(10) [section 207(b)(3), (c) and 213(a) (10) of this title], and the complex problems involving rates of pay of employees in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other food service enterprises who are exempted from the provisions of this Act [this chapter], and shall submit to the second session of the Eighty-seventh Congress at the time of his report under section 4(d) of such Act [section 204(d) of this title] a special report containing the results of such study and information, data and recommendations for further legislation designed to simplify and remove the inequities in the application of such exemptions."

TRANSPORTATION OF MIGRANT FARM WORKERS Subsec. (b) (1) as not applicable to employee with respect to whom Interstate Commerce Commission has power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service by section 304 (a) (3a) of Title 49, see note set out under section 304 of Title 49, Transportation.

§ 214. Learners, apprentices, students, and handicapped workers.

The Administrator, to the extent necessary in order to prevent curtailment of opportunities for employment, shall by regulations or by orders provide for (1) the employment of learners, of apprentices, of messengers employed primarily in delivering letters and messages, and of full-time students outside of their school hours in any retail or service establishment: Provided, That such employment is not of the type ordinarily given to a full-time employee, under special certificates issued pursuant to regulations of the Administrator, at such wages lower than the minimum wage applicable under section 206 of this title and subject to such limitations as to time, number, proportion, and length of service as the Administrator shall prescribe, and (2) the employment of individuals whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury, under special certificates issued by the Administrator, at such wages lower than the minimum wage applicable under section 206 of this title and for such period as shall be fixed in such certificates. (June 25, 1938, ch. 676, § 14, 52 Stat. 1068; Oct. 26, 1949, ch. 736, § 12, 63 Stat. 918; May 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-30, § 11, 75 Stat. 74.)

AMENDMENTS

1961-Pub. L. 87-30 provided for employment of students in clause (1).

1949-Act Oct. 26, 1949, substituted "primarily" for "exclusively" following messengers employed.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1961 AMENDMENT

Amendment of section by Pub. L. 87-30, effective upon expiration of one hundred and twenty days after May 5,

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United States Code, Volumes 6-7