Accademia Romana d' Archeologia under
Leo X, 140.

Acciajuoli, Bernardo, discovery of human
remains, 70.

Accolti, Benedotto, acquires Raphael's
house, 268.

Accolti, Bernardo, as a scholar and poet,
253.

Accolti, Cardinal Pietro, acquires Ra-
phael's house, 267.

Accoramboni, Girolamo, and University
of Rome, 142.

Adinolfi, Pasquale, on Via Papae, 40.
Adrian VI, persecutes the courtesans, 68;
tax during plague, 81.
Agostino da Rocchetta, quack, 86.
Alberini, Giordanello degli, and the Capi-
tol gallows, 29.

Alberini, Marcello, on cosmopolitanism of
Rome, 58.

Albertoni, Marco, grave, 84.

Albina, Madonna, courtesan, 305.
Aleardi, Aleardo, on Raphael's Forna-
rina, 232

Alessandrina, Via, opened, 23, 265.
Alexander VI, opens Borgo Nuovo, 265;
anecdote of fear of Della Rovere, 318.
Alexander VII, and the plague, 85; on
the Barberini portrait of the Forna-
rina, 236.

Alfani, Domenico, drawing of Raphael's
house, 269.

Alidosi, Cardinal, murdered, 272.
Alum, monopoly of Agostino Chigi, 279;
obtained from Turkey, 281; discovered
at Tolfa, 282; revenue from Tolfa mine
pledged for war on the Turks, 283;
prosperity and decay of Tolfa mines,
283.

Amalis, Angelantonio de, inventory of
Michelangelo's possessions, 187.
Amante, Bruto, finds remains of Vittoria
Colonna, 225-227.

Amusements, Carnival, 35, 36; "Giuoco
di Testaccio," 35. See also Hunting, Pa-
geants.

Andreozza, Francesca, mistress and wife
of Agostino Chigi, 306.
Anguillara, Everso degli, character, 55;
monument, 56.

Anguillara, Pandolfo degli, 54.
Anguillara, medieval house of the, 54;
representation of the holy crèche, 56.

Animals. wild, live symbolic, on the Cap-
itol, 32; destruction of, in Italy, 321,
322; present royal preserves, 324–326.
See also Hunting.

Antiquities, edifices damaged by earth-
quake (1348), 8; edifices used as trade
headquarters, 10, 11; restoration of the
Pantheon, 15, 21; Constantia sarco-
phagus, 17; aqueducts destroyed, 27,76;
lion of the Capitol, 31; edifices on the
Corso (1500), 37; arches across it, 38,
39; Horti Largiani, 38; Hecatostylon
of Pompey, 62 n.; edifices exposed for
entry of Charles V, 111; copies of the
gift of Attalus I, 117; edifices which
yielded objects for the Farnese collec-
tion, 126; marble plan of Rome, 130-
133; trade in small objects, 134; Ra-
phael's knowledge and interest, 245; his
scheme for illustration of Roman, 247;
execution of it, 248; date of Calvo's
map, 250-252; Laocoön, 252; Raphael's
inspiration and models from, 254-260,
263-265; use as models by his contem-
poraries, 265. See also Marbles.
Antonio da San Marino, Chigi chapel, 261.
Apothecaries, 87; non-medical trade, 87;

contracts, 88; pharmacopoeia, 88.
Aqueducts, ancient, destroyed, 27, 76.
Archæology. See Antiquities.
Arches, ancient, across the Corso (1500),
38, 39; Chigi's, at progress of Leo X,
294.

Architecture, scarcity of medieval, in
Rome, 47-49; Cosmatesque school, 49;
Farnese palace, 120; pontifical apart-
ments in Sant' Angelo, 136; Sala Re-
gia, 137, 138; Raphael's house, 266-
271; Bini house, 286. See also Anti-
quities, San Pietro.

Aristocracy of Rome, classes as to origin,
295; fictitious genealogies, 296.
Armellini, Mariano, discovers old census,

57.

Art, and crime, 171-174; Raphael as apo-
gee, 274.

Augustus, Forum of, a bog, 69.
Augustus mausoleum, 38.
Avalos, Costanza d', reformer, 205.
Avalos, Francis Ferdinand d', married to
Vittoria Colonna, 196; honeymoon, 196;
captured by Gaston de Foix, 197; vic-
tory over Francis I, 197; death, 198;

Badia, Cardinal, and Inquisition, 208.
Baldassare del Milanese, dealer in art,
146.

Bankers in Rome, quarters in sixteenth
century, 276, 277; house of Bini, 286;
Chigi's control, 288; his wealth, 288,
289; patrician families founded by, 295;
famous names, 296; specimen career,
296-300; variety of money handled,
300, 301.

Banquets, city, to Giuliano de' Medici, 96-
98; to Eleonora d'Aragona, 98; Chigi's,
to Leo X, 301–303.

Barberini gallery, the alleged Fornarina,

236.

Barbers, as surgeons, 89; esteem, 89.
Baronino, Bartolomeo, and Paul III's
improvements, 111; career, 172; mur-
dered, 172-174.

Barrozzi da Vignola, Giacomo, and mur-
der of Baronino, 174.

Bartoli, Bernardo de', and Vittoria Co-
lonna, 210.

Basilica Julia despoiled for lime-burning,

246.

Bastione di Belvedere, general fortifica-
tion plan, 162; Michelangelo's connec-
tion, 164-166.

Beaufort, Counts of, coat of arms, 2.
Beggars. See Pauperism.

Bembo, Cardinal, and Inquisition, 208,

210.

Benedetto, Don, author of Beneficio di
Cristo, 209.

Benedict XIV, evil renovations under, 21.
Beneficio di Cristo verso i Cristiani,
authorship, 209.

Bermudez family acquires Farnese villa,
308.

Bernini, Lorenzo, restores Chigi chapel,
262.

Bersano, Genesio, on murder of Baronino,
172.

Bianchi, Francesco, dealer in antiques,
134.

Bibbiena, Cardinal Bernado, and Ra-
phael's betrothal, 230; and the tapes-
tries, 231 n.

Bibbiena, Maria, betrothed to Raphael,
229; neglected by him, 230; death,
230; betrothal forced on him, 230;
marriage postponed, 231; Raphael's
repentant epitaph, 231, 240.
Bini family, bankers, loan to Leo X.
security, 284; house and banking
premises, 286; portico preserved, 286.
Biondo, Flavio, on Eugenius IV and
Rome, 15.

Black plague of 1348, 7; monument, 7.

Boccamazza, Domenico, treatise on hunt-
ing, 321; deplores slaughter of game,
321, 322.

Boccapaduli, Prospero, fills up the Pan-
tano, 69.

Bonafede, Giuseppe, on Chigi, 275.
Boni, Girolamo, and Vittoria Colonna,

210.

Boniface VIII, Jubilee, 4.
Bonorio, Lorenzo, and disposition of re-
mains of Vittoria Colonna, 220, 221.
Borghese, Marcantonio, sanitary measure,
74.

Borgo Nuovo, Via di, opened, 23, 265;
Raphael's house, 266–269.

Borgo Vaticano, Rossellino's plan, 16;
unhealthiness, 75.

Bosco, Maso del, work on tomb of Julius
II, 181.

Bramante, work on Raphael's house, 266;
poor builder, 269; ceilings in the
atelier, 270.
Aquila, Gianbattista,
Raphael's executor, 231; keeper of the
elephant, 272.

Branconi dall'

Bridges, restored, 11, 15, 18; Ponticello,
69; repairs of Santa Maria, 160.
Britons, church in Rome, 62.
Bruno, Giordano, monument, 213; as a
reformer, 213.

Bufalini, Leonardo, plan of Rome, 114.
Bufalo de' Cancellieri, Angelo del, and
Paul III's improvements, 111.

Bulls, Boniface VIII's Antiquorum, 4;
Clement VI's Unigenitus, 7; Martin
V's et si in cunctarum, 10; Leo X's
Dum suavissimos, 141.

Bussis, Giannandrea de, and early print-
ing, 45.

Caetani, Cardinal Enrico, street cleaning,
74.

Calino, Andrea, on persecution of courte-
sans, 68.

Calvin, Jean, mystery of flight from
France (1535), 214; plan at Ferrara,

214; life there, 215; plans frustrated,
216; escape, 216.

Calvo, Fabio, map of ancient Rome, 248;
when published, 248-252; relations
with Raphael, 251; killed in sack of
Rome, 252; as tutor of Federico Con-
zaga, 252.

Camerino, Duchess of. See Cibo.
Camilla, famous courtesan, 64.
Campagna, consols cause abandonment,
287. See also Hunting.
Campano, Giovanni Antonio, and early
printing, 45.

Campo de' Fiori, Piazza, paved, 102 n.
Cancellieri, Francesco, on Via Papae, 40.

Capitol, in 1500, 28; marbles from, 28;
gallows, 29; market, 31-34; symbolic
animals, 32.

Capodiferro, Evangelista Maddaleni, lec-
tures, 140.

Capodiferro, Marcello, magistrus viarum,

11.

Capranica, fame, 156; tradition con-
cerning Michelangelo, 156-158; church,
lion, and painting by him, 158.
Caprarola, Farnese estate, 138.
Caprini, Adriano, house on Borgo Nuovo,

266.

Capuchins, vicissitudes, 203; and Vittoria
Colonna, 203; as reformers, 204.
Caracalla, baths of Farnese excavations,
127.

Caracciolo, Antonio, and "Compendium"
of Inquisition processes, 208.
Caradosso as goldsmith, 253.
Caravita, Gregorio, cure for the plague,
84; medical contract, 86.
Carnesecchi, Pietro, reformer, martyr,
199, 206; on heresy of Vittoria Colonna,
203.

Carnivals, first, 35; Jew racing, 35, 36;
punishments during, 36.

Carrillo, Cardinal Alfonso, repairs Santi
Quattro Coronati, 12.

Castel Bolognese, Giovanni Bernardi da,
goldsmith, 174.

Castel Perziano, royal preserves, 325.
Castelli de Corneto, Cardinal Adriano,
palace, 272; on Libs's fowling piece,
310.

Castriotto, Jacopo Fusti, fortifications of
Rome, 166.

Castro, Giovanni de, discovers alum at
Tolfa, 281-283.
Cavalieri, Tommaso de', Michelangelo's
friend, 187; claims a cartoon, 188.
Cavallini, Pietro, Last Judgment, 178-180.
Cemeteries, as sources of infection, 70;
discoveries of large ossuaries, 70, 73;
as refuse heaps, 73.

Census of 1517, date, 57; discovery of
results, 57; facts concerning, 57.
Cesarini, Giovanni Giorgio, arms monu-
ment, 42; feast to Giuliano de' Medici,
96.

Cesarini, Cardinal Giuliano, as a patron
of art, 41.

Cesarini villa, 41, 42.

Charles I of England, and Michelangelo's
Cupid, 149.

Charles V, Emperor, sack of Rome, 107-
109; triumphal entry, 110.
Chigi, Agostino, carries off the Fornarina,
240; chapel, 261-264; birth, 275;
financial power, 275, 288; as an art
patron, 275, 289; no adequate record,
275; manuscript biography, 276; rise,

279; monopolies, salt monopoly, 279-
281; causes a war, 280; alum monopoly,
281-284; averted run on his bank, 288;
instance of shrewd bargaining, 288;
wealth, 288, 289; protector of Sodoma,
290; no relation with Michelangelo,
290; originality of art conception, 293;
triumphal arch to Leo X, 294; like-
nesses, 295; position based on wealth,
295; banquets to Leo X, 301–303; and
Federico Conzaga, 303; love affairs,
303, 306; and Paul III, 305; his ille-
gitimate children, 306; marries their
mother, 306; his villa passes to the
Farnese, 306; its subsequent history,
307; horses, 308.

Chigi, Alexander, son of Agostino, 306.
Chigi, Camilla, daughter of Agostino, 306.
Chigi, Fabio, restores Chigi chapel, 262;
biography of Agostino, 276.

Chigi, Lorenzo, prodigal and maniac,
306.

Chigi, Margherita, daughter of Agostino,
306.

Chigi, Sigismondo, mausoleum, 261, 262.
Chigi chapel in Santa Maria del Popolo,

Raphael designs, 261; finished by
other artists, 261, 262; neglected,
262; restored, 262; Raphael's Woman
of Samaria, 263.

Church, R. W., on Dante and reform, 212.
Churches, condition in 1350, 9, 10; re-

pairs under Martin V, 11; improved
by Nicholas V, 15; Estouteville's work,
21-23; external aspect (1500), 27;
mediæval San Saba, 49-53; of foreign
colonies, 60-63. See also San Pietro
and other churches by name.
Cibo, Caterina, and Capuchins, 203.
Cibo, Cardinal Lorenzo, grave, 18.
Claudius, Emperor, triumphal arch, 39.
Clement VI, Jubilee, Bull Unigenitus, 4.
Clement VII, and Tiber water, 79; and
University of Rome, 142; issues consols,
284.

Clergy, number of Roman (1350), 10;
uneducated, 58.

Colimodo, surgeon, contracts, 86.
Coliseum damaged by earthquake (1348),

8.

Collections, Cesarini, 42; Massimi, 43;

rational plan for Italian, 135; Odes-
calchi, 299. See also Farnese palace.
Colocci, Angelo, Accademia Romana d'
Archeologia, 140.

Colonna, Ascanio, reformer, 208, 210.
Colonna, Giovanni, plague memorial, 7.
Colonna, Oddone. See Martin V.
Colonna, Stefanello, riot against, 33.
Colonna, Vittoria, and Tullia d'Aragona,
64; and Federico Conzaga, 151; and
Michelangelo, 195, 199, 200, 219;