Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.
Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.
Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.
Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Chicago.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.
Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.
Capt. F. Brinkley, Tokio.
Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.
Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.
Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.
Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C.B., London.
Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.
Prof. H. Marczali, University of Budapest.
Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.
Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.
Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.
Dr. Frederick Robertson Jones, Bryn Mawr College.
Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.
Prof. Adolph Harnack, University of Berlin.
Dr. A. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.
Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.
Printed in the United States.
Prof. W. L. Fleming, Louisiana State University.
Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Budapest.
Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.
Disorders at Geneva,
Davel, 10. Federal
Changes of constitutions and administrations, 26. The evacuation of Switzer-
land; the nomination of deputies, 28. The act of mediation (1813 A.D.); Cabals fol-
low Napoleon's fall, 30. Switzerland develops along new lines, 35. Reaction and
reform; effects of the revolution of July, 35. Siebener Konkordat; disputes over
asylum and religion, 38. The Sunderbund War, 39. Colonel Dufour is made com-
mander of the army, 40. Preparations of the Sunderbund, 41. The capitulations of
Fribourg and Lucerne end the Sunderbund, 42.
Extent, configuration, and climate, 79. The similarity of European and Asiatic
Russia. 80. The dualism of north and south, 81. The soil of the Black Lands and
the Steppes, 82. Diversity of races, 84. The Finns, 85. Ethnological distribution
of religions, 87. The Great Russians and the Little Russians, 91. Social and
political organisation, 99. The treaty with Constantinople, 96. The first written
document of Russian history, 97. The reign of Igor, 97. The regency of Olga, 99.
Nestor tells of the baptism of Olga, 100. Sviatoslav; the victory of north over
south, 101. Nestor's account of Vladimir's conversion, 103. The death of Vladi-
mir the Christian, 106. Sviatopolk is succeeded by Iaroslav, 107. Iaroslav's code
of laws, 110. Iaroslav dies, 115.
Jenghiz Khan; the Tatar invasion, 134. Influences of Tatar domination, 136.
Alexander Nevski, 139. Death of Alexander Nevski; appreciation of his character,
142. The grand princedom, 143. The growing ascendency of Moscow, 144. The
The principle of direct succession, 148. The battle of the Don or Kulikovo, 151
Significance of the battle of Kulikovo, 152. The destruction of Moscow, 153. The
death of Dmitri Donskoi; his place in history, 154. The reign of Vasili Dmitrie-
vitch, 156. Vasili Vasilievitch (afterwards called "The Blind" or "The Dark"),
158. Jonas becomes metropolitan, 159. A review of the internal development
during the Tatar period, 160. The influence of Tatar domination, 163. Wallace's
view, 164.
FROM IVAN THE GREAT TO IVAN THE TERRIBLE (1462–1584 A.D.). . 166
Accession of Ivan (III) Vasilievitch, 166. Character and aims of Ivan, 168.
Ivan Vasilievitch marries the Greek princess Sophia, 170. The growth of autocracy,
171. Subjugation of the republics, 172. The final overthrow of the Tatars, 176.
Affairs of Lithuania, 179. Last years of Ivan; inheritance left to his sons, 181. Ap-
preciations of Ivan Vasilievitch, 181. Accession of Vasili Ivanovitch, 184. Wars
with Lithuania, 184. Wars with the Tatars, 188. The growing power of Russia, 189.
Maxine the Greek, 190. Private life of Vasili Ivanovitch; his death, 192. A fore-
cast of the reign of Ivan (IV) the Terrible, 192. The minority of Ivan IV, 194.
Ivan assumes the reins of government, 196. The discovery of Siberia, 197. The
restraining influences of Anastasia, 198. Ivan's atrocities, 199. The Polish inva-
sion. 200. The reign of terror, 202. The march against Novgorod, 203. Carnage in
Moscow, 205. The struggle for Livonia, 207. Projects of alliance with England,
208. Death of Ivan the Terrible, 208. Karamzin's estimate of Ivan, 209. Ivan the
Terrible compared with Peter the Great, 212.
Character of Boris Godunov, 214. War with Sweden, 215. Serfdom, 218.
Death of Dmitri, 219. The reign of Boris, 222. The false Dmitri appears,
224. Career and murder of Dmetri, 227. The false Dmitri; marriage and death,
228. Vasili Ivanovitch Shuiski, 229. Accession of the house of Romanov, 237. The
Cossacks, 239. Last years of Michael, 242. Alexis, 243. Feodor, 247.
The childhood and youth of Peter, 251. Peter asserts control, 253.
forms, 255. Azov taken from the Turks, 256. Schemes of conquest, 258.
to murder Peter, 258. Peter travels to acquire knowledge, 259.
England and Austria, 261. The insurrection of the Strelitz, 265.
265. Rallying from defeat, 267. The antecedents of an empress, 268. Military suc-
cess: Foundation of St. Petersburg, 269. Renewed hostilities, 272. Polish affairs.
973. Charles XII invades Russia, 275. Revolt of the Cossacks of the Don; Mazeppa,
277. Mazeppa joins Charles XII; Pultowa, 279. Peter and the Powers, 281. Cath-
erine acknowledged as Peter's wife, 281. War with Turkey, 282. Catherine's hero-
ism: the Peace of Pruth, 283. War with Sweden, 285. A naval victory; Peter's
triumph, 286. Peter at the height of power, 287. Peter's second European tour,
289. The czarevitch Alexis disinherited, 294. Death of the czarevitch Alexis,
297. Domestic affairs, 299. Renewed hostilities with Sweden, 302. Peter as ad-
ministrator, 304. The church and the aristocracy, 309. Commerce with the East,
311. War with Persia, 312. Last years and death of Peter, 314.
mate of Peter's work, 318. Kostomarov's estimate of Peter, 323.
estimate of Peter's influence, 326.
Catherine I (1725–1727 a.d.), 327. Peter II (1727-1730 a.d.), 328. Anna Ivanovna,
331. War with Turkey, 335. Internal administration, 337. Biron the favourite,
338. Death of Anna, (1740 A.D.); the succession, 339. A Russian estimate of Anna
and of Biron, 340. The nominal reign of Ivan VI, 341. Anna of Brunswick assumes
the regency, 342. Sweden renews the war, 342. Successful conspiracy against the
regent, 345. Elizabeth Petrovna, 350. Foreign affairs, 352. Antecedents of the
future Peter III, 353. The future Catherine II appears, 354. Court intrigues: the
death of Elizabeth, 355. Spread of art, literature, and education under Elizabeth,
356. Estimates of Elizabeth, 359. Peter III, 360. Impolitic acts of Peter III, 362.
Catherine plots against the Czar, 364. Catherine usurps the crown, 367. Death of
Peter III, 368.
THE AGE OF CATHERINE II (1762–1796 A.D.).
Catherine's own views on Russia, 373.
nations, 376. Poland is dismembered, 378.
. 372
The Polish succession; the policy of the
War with Turkey, 380. The Treaty of
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