UNITED STATES REPORTS

VOLUME 451

CASES ADJUDGED

IN

THE SUPREME COURT

AT

OCTOBER TERM, 1980

APRIL 20 THROUGH MAY 26, 1981

TOGETHER WITH OPINIONS OF INDIVIDUAL JUSTICES IN CHAMBERS

HENRY C. LIND

REPORTER OF DECISIONS

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1982

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402

ERRATUM

440 U. S. 935, No. 78-868: In lieu of "217 Va. 548" substitute "219 Va. 252".

JUSTICES

OF THE

SUPREME COURT

DURING THE TIME OF THESE REPORTS

WARREN E. BURGER, CHIEF JUSTICE.
WILLIAM J. BRENNAN, JR., ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
POTTER STEWART, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
BYRON R. WHITE, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
THURGOOD MARSHALL, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
HARRY A. BLACKMUN, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
LEWIS F. POWELL, JR., ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.
JOHN PAUL STEVENS, ASSOCIATE JUSTICE.

OFFICERS OF THE COURT

WILLIAM FRENCH SMITH, ATTORNEY GENERAL.
WADE H. MCCREE, JR., SOLICITOR GENERAL.
ALEXANDER L. STEVAS, CLERK.

HENRY C. LIND, REPORTER OF DECISIONS.
ALFRED WONG, MARSHAL.

ROGER F. JACOBS, LIBRARIAN.