Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education. SummaryDIANE Publishing, 1986 - 68 pages With an estimated 17-22 million animals used in laboratories annually in the United States, public interest in animal welfare has sparked an often emotional debate over such uses of animals. Concerns focus on balancing societal needs for continued progress in biomedical and behavioral research, for toxicity testing to safeguard the public, and for education in the life sciences with desires to replace, reduce, and refine the use of laboratory animals. In 1985, the United States Congress enacted three laws that dealt with laboratory animals, including amendments to the Animal Welfare Act. This assessment analyzes the scientific, regulatory, economic, legal, and ethical considerations involved in alternative technologies in biomedical and behavioral research, toxicity testing, and education. Included is a detailed examination of federal, state, and institutional regulation of animal use, and a review of recent developments in 10 other countries. The report illustrates a range of options for congressional action in seven areas of public policy regarding animals: using existing alternatives; developing new alternatives; disseminating research and testing information; restricting animal use; counting the numbers and kinds of animals used; establishing a uniform policy for animal use within federal agencies; and amending the Animal Welfare Act. (JN) |
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Page 9
... tion and design of descriptive tests . The Federal Government plays a major role in this area , both through laws that directly or Photo credit : Joseph Leighton , Medical College of Pennsylvania Typical reaction seen when certain ...
... tion and design of descriptive tests . The Federal Government plays a major role in this area , both through laws that directly or Photo credit : Joseph Leighton , Medical College of Pennsylvania Typical reaction seen when certain ...
Page 17
... tion, and refinement of animal use. Associated with each policy issue are several op- tions for congressional action, ranging in each case from taking no specific steps to making major changes. The order in which the options are pre ...
... tion, and refinement of animal use. Associated with each policy issue are several op- tions for congressional action, ranging in each case from taking no specific steps to making major changes. The order in which the options are pre ...
Page 19
... tion. Others are oriented to the actions of the ex- ecutive branch but involve congressional oversight or encouragement. Congress can promote alterna- tives in at least three ways, It can provide incen- tives through tax policies ...
... tion. Others are oriented to the actions of the ex- ecutive branch but involve congressional oversight or encouragement. Congress can promote alterna- tives in at least three ways, It can provide incen- tives through tax policies ...
Page 21
... tion. In education, medical schools are conduct- ing some laboratory exercises with computer simu- lations or video demonstrations in lieu of live animals. Medical students in some instances by- pass experiments and training involving ...
... tion. In education, medical schools are conduct- ing some laboratory exercises with computer simu- lations or video demonstrations in lieu of live animals. Medical students in some instances by- pass experiments and training involving ...
Page 22
... tion and Development , could also be encouraged ( see ch . 7 and app . E ) . The costs of agency review should be moderate , entailing input from agency experts , comment from outside experts , and pub- lication . If Federal ...
... tion and Development , could also be encouraged ( see ch . 7 and app . E ) . The costs of agency review should be moderate , entailing input from agency experts , comment from outside experts , and pub- lication . If Federal ...
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Common terms and phrases
AAALAC Administration agencies Alternatives to Animal analgesic anesthetic animal research Animal Resources animal testing Animal Welfare Act anticruelty APHIS assessment behavioral research biological biomedical research carcinogenicity cats cells Center chemical chorioallantoic membrane committee costs culture disease dogs drugs effects enforcement Environmental ethical evaluation experimental experiments Federal Food Friends of Animals funding Government guidelines human IACUC invertebrates investigators Laboratory Animal LADB licensed mals Medical Medicine ment methods mice models monkey mutagenicity nonanimal number of animals organs percent pesticides primates procedures programs Protection protocols Public Health rabbits rats regulations research and testing research facilities response rodents RTECS safety School Science scientific scientists Service sources species standards statutes substance techniques tion tissue toxicity toxicity testing Toxicology treatment U.S. Congress U.S. Department University USDA vertebrates veterinary vitro Washington
Popular passages
Page 72 - So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. And God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth.
Page 396 - Animals used in this study were maintained in facilities fully accredited by the American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care...
Page 246 - Disorders Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs Diseases of the Circulatory System Diseases of the Respiratory...
Page 73 - For it is written in the law of Moses, "You shall not muzzle an ox when it is treading out the grain." Is it for oxen that God is concerned? '"Does he not speak entirely for our sake?
Page 246 - Mental disorders Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs Diseases of the circulatory system...
Page 282 - Nothing in this Act shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to promulgate rules, regulations, or orders with regard to design, outlines, guidelines, or performance of actual research or experimentation by a research facility as determined by such research facility...
Page 283 - ... is being used, or is intended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes or as a pet.
Page 263 - Its stated goals are to: stimulate technological innovation; use small business to meet federal research and development needs; increase private sector commercialization of innovations derived from federal research and development; and " foster and encourage participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in technological innovation.
Page 285 - In the case of a research facility, the program of adequate veterinary care shall include the appropriate use of anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs, when such use would be proper in the opinion of the attending veterinarian at the research facility.