Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education. SummaryDIANE Publishing, 1986 - 68 pages With an estimated 17-22 million animals used in laboratories annually in the United States, public interest in animal welfare has sparked an often emotional debate over such uses of animals. Concerns focus on balancing societal needs for continued progress in biomedical and behavioral research, for toxicity testing to safeguard the public, and for education in the life sciences with desires to replace, reduce, and refine the use of laboratory animals. In 1985, the United States Congress enacted three laws that dealt with laboratory animals, including amendments to the Animal Welfare Act. This assessment analyzes the scientific, regulatory, economic, legal, and ethical considerations involved in alternative technologies in biomedical and behavioral research, toxicity testing, and education. Included is a detailed examination of federal, state, and institutional regulation of animal use, and a review of recent developments in 10 other countries. The report illustrates a range of options for congressional action in seven areas of public policy regarding animals: using existing alternatives; developing new alternatives; disseminating research and testing information; restricting animal use; counting the numbers and kinds of animals used; establishing a uniform policy for animal use within federal agencies; and amending the Animal Welfare Act. (JN) |
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Page 3
... substance produced during seizures could bear on the under- standing and treatment of epilepsy . • Industrial toxicologists in New Jersey adopt refined methods of testing potentially poisonous chemicals , reducing by 48 percent the ...
... substance produced during seizures could bear on the under- standing and treatment of epilepsy . • Industrial toxicologists in New Jersey adopt refined methods of testing potentially poisonous chemicals , reducing by 48 percent the ...
Page 4
... substances poi- sonous to humans. In addition, using the preced- ing definition of animal, an invertebrate (e.g., a horseshoe crab) could replace a vertebrate (e.g., a rabbit) in a testing protocol. Reduction refers to the use of fewer ...
... substances poi- sonous to humans. In addition, using the preced- ing definition of animal, an invertebrate (e.g., a horseshoe crab) could replace a vertebrate (e.g., a rabbit) in a testing protocol. Reduction refers to the use of fewer ...
Page 8
... substance , the degree of variation from animal to animal for the biological effect that is of interest , and the need to determine a quantita- tive relationship between the size of the dose and the magnitude of the response ...
... substance , the degree of variation from animal to animal for the biological effect that is of interest , and the need to determine a quantita- tive relationship between the size of the dose and the magnitude of the response ...
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... substance , and the embryo is discarded . SOURCE J. Leighton , J , Nassauer , and R , Tchao , " The Chick Embryo in Toxicol- ogy : An Alternative to the Rabbit Eye , " Food Chem . Toxicol . 23 : 293-298 . Copyright 1985 , Pergamon Press ...
... substance , and the embryo is discarded . SOURCE J. Leighton , J , Nassauer , and R , Tchao , " The Chick Embryo in Toxicol- ogy : An Alternative to the Rabbit Eye , " Food Chem . Toxicol . 23 : 293-298 . Copyright 1985 , Pergamon Press ...
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... substances based on their chemical structure . If a new chem- ical has a structure similar to a known poison in certain key aspects , then the new substance also may be a poison . Such screening can thus preempt some animal use . In ...
... substances based on their chemical structure . If a new chem- ical has a structure similar to a known poison in certain key aspects , then the new substance also may be a poison . Such screening can thus preempt some animal use . In ...
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AAALAC Administration agencies Alternatives to Animal analgesic anesthetic animal research Animal Resources animal testing Animal Welfare Act anticruelty APHIS assessment behavioral research biological biomedical research carcinogenicity cats cells Center chemical chorioallantoic membrane committee costs culture disease dogs drugs effects enforcement Environmental ethical evaluation experimental experiments Federal Food Friends of Animals funding Government guidelines human IACUC invertebrates investigators Laboratory Animal LADB licensed mals Medical Medicine ment methods mice models monkey mutagenicity nonanimal number of animals organs percent pesticides primates procedures programs Protection protocols Public Health rabbits rats regulations research and testing research facilities response rodents RTECS safety School Science scientific scientists Service sources species standards statutes substance techniques tion tissue toxicity toxicity testing Toxicology treatment U.S. Congress U.S. Department University USDA vertebrates veterinary vitro Washington
Popular passages
Page 72 - So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. And God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth.
Page 396 - Animals used in this study were maintained in facilities fully accredited by the American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care...
Page 246 - Disorders Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs Diseases of the Circulatory System Diseases of the Respiratory...
Page 73 - For it is written in the law of Moses, "You shall not muzzle an ox when it is treading out the grain." Is it for oxen that God is concerned? '"Does he not speak entirely for our sake?
Page 246 - Mental disorders Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs Diseases of the circulatory system...
Page 282 - Nothing in this Act shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to promulgate rules, regulations, or orders with regard to design, outlines, guidelines, or performance of actual research or experimentation by a research facility as determined by such research facility...
Page 283 - ... is being used, or is intended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes or as a pet.
Page 263 - Its stated goals are to: stimulate technological innovation; use small business to meet federal research and development needs; increase private sector commercialization of innovations derived from federal research and development; and " foster and encourage participation by minority and disadvantaged persons in technological innovation.
Page 285 - In the case of a research facility, the program of adequate veterinary care shall include the appropriate use of anesthetic, analgesic, or tranquilizing drugs, when such use would be proper in the opinion of the attending veterinarian at the research facility.