Effects of CS Exposure • British studies, over the course of a few years, and U.S. studies. These symptoms are as follows: Effects of CS Overexposure (Overexposure is defined as any exposure that brings on any of the effects listed here) 1. Burning, pricking, peppery sensation in the eyes, nose, mouth, throat, and skin. 2. Lacrimation - excessive secretion of tears. 3. Rhinorrhea - excessive mucous secretion from the nose. 4. Salivation - produces excessive saliva. 5. Blepharospasm - uncontrollable winking caused by involuntary contraction of eyelid muscle. 6. Photophobia abnormal intolerance of light (lasts less than one hour in 90% of subjects). 7. Tightness of the chest associated with gripping pain. 8. Breath holding - usually an attempt to defend against the effects - not a physical (involuntary) action. 9. Dysphea - shortness of breath. 10. Coughing and sneezing. 11. Vesiculation - blistering, small (prolonged or repeated exposure). WACO 003470 12. Erythema-edness of the skins caused by chemical poisoning or sunburn (prolonged or repeated exposure). 13. First, and possibly second degree burns in sensitive people. 14. Congestion of the nose-wall of the pharynx (section of the digestive tract from the oral cavity to the larynx). 15. Feeling of suffocation. • All of these effects occur immediately and will -Determination difficult due to differences in motivation and tolerance i.e. Variability in humans. Children • In a case in Northern Ireland, a baby (no age given) was found crying in a bedroom that had been exposed to CS. The child was gasping for breath, tears were streaming down his cheeks and he was very pale. Upon removal from the affected room, the child recovered quickly. The British found cases of babies exposed to CS, in sufficient quantities to distress them and to awaken them crying from their sleep. In all of these cases, upon being removed from the contaminated area, these babies all recovered rapidly. There are no reported cases requiring admission to hospitals, and no instances in which illness in previously healthy infants could be attributed to CS. VACO 003471 Pregnancy Contact with the U.S. Army Chemical Research and The British have conducted studies on the effects of CS on the developing embryo. This study found that no interference with embryonic development has been demonstrated. Following the use of CS in Northern Ireland, abnormalities. British studies conclude that there are no Experimental evidence indicates that CS does not interfere with the course of pregnancy. Elderly • British found no evidence of any special 76 • Human volunteers, of 50 years of age and upwards have been exposed to heavy concentrations of CS. The symptoms they experienced, and the time taken to recover from these, were no different than in young adults. MiscellaneoUS Liver Cancer Food and drink contaminated even by traces of CS is so repulsive to the taste that it could not be consumed Inadvertently and, when it has been consumed voluntarily, no ill effects have followed. British evidence indicates that: With the concentrations possible in riot • In experimental exposure of human subjects, no significant changes in liver function were detected. • In the worst case of exposure in Northern There is no evidence that CS acts as After CS exposure, no chromosome changes of any Northern Ireland. Lethality LCt 50 is the concentration of any chemical The smallest trace of CS that a man can detect • The concentration of CS that produces symptoms The concentration that will deter trained troops is 10 mg/m3. The concentration that has been estimated to • Research has determined that a high concentration of CS for a short time is less toxic than a lower concentration for a long time. VACO 003474 |