8

93.

94.

95.

460 tons per 4 MW wind turbine with steel tower. According
to Boestad, ref. 25.

Refers to ingots and steel castings plus merchant iron.
Statistical Year Book 1975. National Bureau of Statistics.
(Swedish).

In the resource need are not included resources to build up
plants etc that will produce solar collectors, wind power
mills etc. This is only of marginal importance for the resource
estimates (Lars Bergman - personal communication) A rough
calculation indicates that the resource need to build up
production capacity is less than 5% of the total need, i.e.
entails at the most a delay of one year in the build-up

of the energy system and is completely lost in the uncertainties
at present.

96. See SOU 1977:61, FUD 78 - Energy production by the National Council for Energy Production Research. (Swedish).

97.

98.

Energy 1985-2000. SOU 1974:64, p. 69 (Swedish).

Statistical Year Book 1975. (Swedish).

99. B. Sörensen. "Dependability of Energy Generators with ShortTerm Energy Storage." Science 194 (1976) 935.

100. G. Asbury and R.0. Mueller: "Solar Energy and Electric Utilities: Should they be interfaced?" Science 195 (1977) 445-450.

101.

102.

103.

M. Ryle: "Economics of alternative energy sources". Nature 267 (1977) 111.

"Management of Land and Water Resources", SOU 1971:75.
This is the Report on which the Swedish physical planning
was based; a new report is planned for the end of 1978.
(Swedish).

Carl Johan Engström: "Land use and future Inergy Systems".
Report FRP 12:77. Ministry of Housing and Planning. (Swedish).

104. Total sales value of products from lumber and pulp and paper industry 43,400 million Sw. Crs. 1975. 23.5 million ha forest land produce approximately 1,500 Sw. Crs./ha, which is equivalent to about 3-4 m3 oil/ha.

105. Gösta Tompuri "[nergy and the development of the LDCs".

Secretariat fer Future Studies, Stockholm 1977. (Swedish)

9

106.

107.

108.

See discussion in L. Bergman and H. Flam: "Energy and Economic Growth. "Secretariat for Future Studies, Stockholm 1976. (Swedish).

Bo Diczfalusy- personal communication.

Electric Power Research Institute: "Economic Assessment of the Utilization of Fuel Cells in Electric Utility Systems. EPRI EM-336, November 1976.

109. Energy Commission, Group B. Report summer 1977, p.6.3:44. (Swedish).

110.

111.

Estimated cost for fuel cell power stations using biomass.
According to EFA 2000 (ref. 11), appendix PROD, p. 9:3.
Other sources indicate 1000-1500 Sw. Crs/kW (ref 80, 108).
(Swedish).

500-800 Sw. Crs./kW for conventional plants; 800Sw. Crs/kW with underground storage according to EFA 2000 (ref. 11), appendix PROD, p. 21:1. (Swedish).

112. Energy Commission, Group B. Report summer 1977, p. 6.9:82. (Swedish).

114. Wind Energy and Industry, conference 1977-09-05,

arranged by the Swedish Federation of Industries.

Conversion Factors

Multiple Units

In the SI system multiples are created by combining a prefix

with the unit. The prefixes indicate orders of magnitude (multiplied by 10). The following prefixes are used:

1 PJ = 0.2778 TWh = 0.0239 Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalents)