lems. Members of such council shall be selected from time to time in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe and shall serve without compensation, but when attending meetings of the council they shall be allowed necessary traveling and subsistence expenses, or per diem allowance in lieu thereof, within the limitations prescribed by law for civilian employees in the executive branch of the Government. The council shall have access to all files and records of the United States Employment Service. The Secretary shall also require the organization of similar State advisory councils composed of men and women representing employers and employees in equal numbers and the public. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Governor from carrying out functions of such State advisory council through the State job training coordinating council in accordance with section 1532(c) of this title.

(b) In carrying out the provisions of this chapter, the Secretary is authorized and directed to provide for the giving of notice of strikes or lockouts to applicants before they are referred to employment.

(June 6, 1933, ch. 49, § 11, 48 Stat. 116; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§ 201, 203, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424, 1425; Ex. Ord. No. 9247, Sept. 17, 1942, 7 F.R. 7379; Ex. Ord. No. 9617, Sept. 19, 1945, 10 F.R. 11929; June 16, 1948, ch. 472, title I, § 101, 62 Stat. 446; 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §§ 1, 3, eff. Aug. 20, 1949, 14 F.R. 5225, 63 Stat. 1065; Oct. 13, 1982, Pub. L. 97-300, title V, § 501(g), 96 Stat. 1397.)

AMENDMENTS

1982-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97-300 added provision that nothing in this section should be construed to prohibit the Governor from carrying out functions of the State advisory council through the State job training coordinating council in accordance with section 1532(c) of this title.

EFFECTIVE Date of 1982 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97-300 effective Oct. 1, 1983, but with the Secretary authorized to use funds appropriated for fiscal 1983 to plan for the orderly implementation of the amendment, see section 181(1) of Pub. L. 97-300, which is classified to section 1591(1) of this title.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

For history of transfer of functions of the United States Employment Service to the Secretary of Labor, see note set out under section 49 of this title.

The Federal Advisory Council established pursuant to this chapter was transferred to the Department of Labor by section 3 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1949.

TERMINATION of Advisory Councils

Advisory councils in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the two-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such two-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the twoyear period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action

prior to the expiration of such two-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 39 section 3202. § 49k. Rules and regulations

The Secretary of Labor is authorized to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. (June 6, 1933, ch. 49, § 12, 48 Stat. 117; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§ 201, 203, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424, 1425; Ex. Ord. No. 9247, Sept. 17, 1942, 7 F.R. 7379; Ex. Ord. No. 9617, Sept. 19, 1945, 10 F.R. 11929; June 16, 1948, ch. 472, title I, § 101, 62 Stat. 446; 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1, eff. Aug. 20, 1949, 14 F.R. 5225, 63 Stat. 1065.)

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

For history of transfer of functions of the United States Employment Service to the Secretary of Labor, see note set out under section 49 of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 39 section 3202.

§ 497. Miscellaneous operating authorities

(a) The Secretary is authorized to establish performance standards for activities under this chapter which shall take into account the differences in priorities reflected in State plans.

(b)(1) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit the referral of any applicant to private agencies as long as the applicant is not charged a fee.

(2) No funds paid under this chapter may be used by any State for advertising in newspapers for high paying jobs unless such State submits an annual report to the Secretary beginning in December 1984 concerning such advertising and the justifications therefor, and the justification may include that such jobs are part of a State industrial development effort.

(June 6, 1933, ch. 49, § 13, as added Oct. 13, 1982, Pub. L. 97-300, title V, § 501(h), 96 Stat. 1397, and amended Dec. 31, 1982, Pub. L. 97-404, § 5, 96 Stat. 2027.)

PRIOR PROVISIONS

A prior section 491, act June 6, 1933, ch. 49, § 13, 48 Stat. 117, relating to mail franking privileges to employment systems, was transferred to section 338 of former Title 39, The Postal Service. Section 338 of former Title 39 was repealed and reenacted as section 4152 of former Title 39, The Postal Service by Pub. L. 86-682, Sept. 2, 1960, 74 Stat. 578. Section 4152 of former Title 39 was repealed and reenacted as section 3202 of Title 39, Postal Service, by Pub. L. 91-375, Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 719.

AMENDMENTS

1982-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-404 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Oct. 1, 1983, but with the Secretary authorized to use funds appropriated for fiscal 1983 to plan for the orderly implementation of the section, see section 181(i) of Pub. L. 97-300, which is classified to section 1591(i) of this title.

§ 497-1. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to enable the Secretary to provide funds through reimburseable 1 agreements with the States to operate statistical programs which are essential for development of estimates of the gross national product and other national statistical series, including those related to employment and unemployment.

(June 6, 1933, ch. 49, § 14, as added Oct. 13, 1982, Pub. L. 97-300, title V, § 501(h), 96 Stat. 1397.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Oct. 1, 1983, but with the Secretary authorized to use funds appropriated for fiscal 1983 to plan for the orderly implementation of the section, see section 181(i) of Pub. L. 97-300, which is classified to section 1591(i) of this title.

88 49m, 49n. Omitted

CODIFICATION

Section 49m, Pub. L. 88-136, title I, § 101, Oct. 11, 1963, 77 Stat. 225, relating to payments to states for administrative expenses for their unemployment compensation law and their public employment offices, was from the Department of Labor Appropriation Act, 1964, and was not repeated in the Department of Labor Appropriation Act of 1965.

Section 49n, Pub. L. 88-136, title I, § 101, Oct. 11, 1963, 77 Stat. 226, relating to personnel standards, was from the Department of Labor Appropriation Act, 1964, and was not repeated in the Department of Labor Appropriation Act of 1965.

Sec.

50.

508.

50b.

CHAPTER 4C-APPRENTICE LABOR

Promotion of labor standards of apprenticeship.

Publication of information; national advisory committees.

Appointment of employees.

CHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This chapter is referred to in title 38 sections 1652, 1701.

§ 50. Promotion of labor standards of apprenticeship The Secretary of Labor is authorized and directed to formulate and promote the furtherance of labor standards necessary to safeguard the welfare of apprentices, to extend the application of such standards by encouraging the inclusion thereof in contracts of apprenticeship, to bring together employers and labor for the formulation of programs of apprenticeship, to cooperate with State agencies engaged in the formulation and promotion of standards of apprenticeship, and to cooperate with the Secretary of Education in accordance with section 17 of title 20. For the purposes of this chapter the term "State" shall include the District of Columbia.

'So in original. Probably should be "reimbursable".

11-611 0-83- Vol. 1258 QL 3

(Aug. 16, 1937, ch. 663, § 1, 50 Stat. 664; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§ 201, 204, 206, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424, 1425; July 12, 1943, ch. 221, title VII, § 701, 57 Stat. 518; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§ 5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Dec. 24, 1973, Pub. L. 93-198, title II, § 204(h), 87 Stat. 784; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96-88, title III, § 301(a)(1), 93 Stat. 677.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Section 17 of title 20, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 89-554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 643.

CODIFICATION

Words "with the National Youth Administration" were deleted from text in view of abolition of National Youth Administration by act July 12, 1943.

AMENDMENTS

1973-Pub. L. 93-198 added provision that the term "State" includes the District of Columbia.

EFFECTIVE Date of 1973 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 93-198 effective July 1, 1974, see section 771(b) of Pub. L. 93-198, set out in part as a note under section 49b of this title.

SHORT TITLE

The act of Aug. 16, 1937, ch. 663, 50 Stat. 664, which enacted this chapter, is popularly known as the "National Apprenticeship Act”.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

"Secretary of Education" was substituted for "Office of Education under the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare" in text, pursuant to section 301(a)(1) of Pub. L. 96-88, which is classified to section 3441(a)(1) of Title 20, Education, and which transferred all functions of the Office of Education to the Secretary of Education.

All functions of the Federal Security Administrator were transferred to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and all agencies of the Federal Security Agency were transferred to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 5 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The Federal Security Agency and the office of Administrator were abolished by section 8 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953.

Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, consolidated the National Youth Administration and the Office of Education, with other agencies, into the Federal Security Agency under supervision and direction of Federal Security

Administrator.

§ 50a. Publication of information; national advisory committees

The Secretary of Labor may publish information relating to existing and proposed labor standards of apprenticeship, and may appoint national advisory committees to serve without compensation. Such committees shall include representatives of employers, representatives of labor, educators, and officers of other executive departments, with the consent of the head of any such department.

(Aug. 16, 1937, ch. 663, § 2, 50 Stat. 665.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in title 38 sections 1772, 1787.

§ 52. Statutory restriction of injunctive relief

No restraining order or injunction shall be granted by any court of the United States, or a judge or the judges thereof, in any case between an employer and employees, or between employers and employees, or between employees, or between persons employed and persons seeking employment, involving, or growing out of, a dispute concerning terms or conditions of employment, unless necessary to prevent irreparable injury to property, or to a property right, of the party making the application, for which injury there is no adequate remedy at law, and such property or property right must be described with particularity in the application, which must be in writing and sworn to by the applicant or by his agent or attorney.

And no such restraining order or injunction shall prohibit any person or persons, whether singly or in concert, from terminating any relation of employment, or from ceasing to perform any work or labor, or from recommending, advising, or persuading others by peaceful means so to do; or from attending at any place where any such person or persons may lawfully be, for the purpose of peacefully obtaining or communicating information, or from peacefully persuading any person to work or to abstain from working; or from ceasing to patronize or to employ any party to such dispute, or from recommending, advising, or persuading others by peaceful and lawful means so to do; or from paying or giving to, or withholding from, any person engaged in such dispute, any strike benefits or other moneys or things of value; or from peaceably assembling in a lawful manner,

and for lawful purposes; or from doing any act or thing which might lawfully be done in the absence of such dispute by any party thereto; nor shall any of the acts specified in this paragraph be considered or held to be violations of any law of the United States.

(Oct. 15, 1914, ch. 323, § 20, 38 Stat. 738.) FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE Injunctions, see rule 65, Title 28, Appendix, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

CROSS REFERENCES

Applicability of this section and section 53 of this title to the insurance business, see sections 1011 to 1015 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

District courts to have jurisdiction to issue writs of injunction to compel compliance or restrain violation of an order of Interstate Commerce Commission, see sections 1336, 2321 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Jurisdiction of courts in matters affecting employer and employee, see section 101 et seq. of this title. Transporting strikebreakers, penalty, see section 1231 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 53, 186 of this title; title 18 section 1951; title 42 section 2135; title 47 section 606.

§ 53. "Person" or "persons” defined

The word "person" or "persons" wherever used in section 52 of this title shall be deemed to include corporations and associations existing under or authorized by the laws of either the United States, the laws of any of the Territories, the laws of any State, or the laws of any foreign country.

(Oct. 15, 1914, ch. 323, § 1, 38 Stat. 730.)

CODIFICATION

Section is based on the 3d par. of section 1(a) of the Clayton Act (Oct. 15, 1914, ch. 323, as amended by section 305(b) of Pub. L. 94-435, Sept. 30, 1976). Section 1 of the Clayton Act is classified in its entirety to section 12 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE Injunctions, see rule 65, Title 28, Appendix, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 42 section 2135. CHAPTER 6—JURISDICTION OF COURTS IN MATTERS AFFECTING EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE

§ 101. Issuance of restraining orders and injunctions; limitation; public policy

No court of the United States, as defined in this chapter, shall have jurisdiction to issue any restraining order or temporary or permanent injunction in a case involving or growing out of a labor dispute, except in a strict conformity with the provisions of this chapter; nor shall any such restraining order or temporary or permanent injunction be issued contrary to the public policy declared in this chapter. (Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, § 1, 47 Stat. 70.)

SHORT TITLE

Act Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, 47 Stat. 70, which enacted this chapter, is popularly known as the "Norris-LaGuardia Act".

FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE Injunctions, see rule 65, Title 28, Appendix, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

CROSS REFERENCES

Civil actions for prevention of unlawful employment practices, provisions of this chapter not applicable to, see section 2000e-5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Labor-Management Relations, see section 141 et seq. of this title.

Orders of National Labor Relations Board, see section 160 of this title.

Public policy, see section 102 of this title.

Strikes subject to injunction, inapplicability of this chapter, see section 178 of this title.

§ 102. Public policy in labor matters declared

In the interpretation of this chapter and in determining the jurisdiction and authority of the courts of the United States, as such jurisdiction and authority are defined and limited in this chapter, the public policy of the United States is declared as follows:

Whereas under prevailing economic conditions, developed with the aid of governmental authority for owners of property to organize in the corporate and other forms of ownership association, the individual unorganized worker is

commonly helpless to exercise actual liberty of contract and to protect his freedom of labor, and thereby to obtain acceptable terms and conditions of employment, wherefore, though he should be free to decline to associate with his fellows, it is necessary that he have full freedom of association, self-organization, and designation of representatives of his own choosing, to negotiate the terms and conditions of his employment, and that he shall be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection; therefore, the following definitions of and limitations upon the jurisdiction and authority of the courts of the United States are enacted.

(Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, § 2, 47 Stat. 70.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 103 of this title. § 103. Nonenforceability of undertakings in conflict with public policy; "yellow dog" contracts Any undertaking or promise, such as is described in this section, or any other undertaking or promise in conflict with the public policy declared in section 102 of this title, is declared to be contrary to the public policy of the United States, shall not be enforceable in any court of the United States and shall not afford any basis for the granting of legal or equitable relief by any such court, including specifically the following:

Every undertaking or promise hereafter made, whether written or oral, express or implied, constituting or contained in any contract or agreement of hiring or employment between any individual, firm, company, association, or corporation, and any employee or prospective employee of the same, whereby

(a) Either party to such contract or agreement undertakes or promises not to join, become, or remain a member of any labor organization or of any employer organization; or

(b) Either party to such contract or agreement undertakes or promises that he will withdraw from an employment relation in the event that he joins, becomes, or remains a member of any labor organization or of any employer organization.

(Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, § 3, 47 Stat. 70.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 104 of this title.

§ 104. Enumeration of specific acts not subject to restraining orders or injunctions

No court of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue any restraining order or temporary or permanent injunction in any case involving or growing out of any labor dispute to prohibit any person or persons participating or interested in such dispute (as these terms are herein defined) from doing, whether singly or in concert, any of the following acts:

(a) Ceasing or refusing to perform any work or to remain in any relation of employment;

(b) Becoming or remaining a member of any labor organization or of any employer organization, regardless of any such undertaking or promise as is described in section 103 of this title;

(c) Paying or giving to, or withholding from, any person participating or interested in such labor dispute, any strike or unemployment benefits or insurance, or other moneys or things of value;

(d) By all lawful means aiding any person participating or interested in any labor dispute who is being proceeded against in, or is prosecuting, any action or suit in any court of the United States or of any State;

(e) Giving publicity to the existence of, or the facts involved in, any labor dispute, whether by advertising, speaking, patrolling, or by any other method not involving fraud or violence;

(f) Assembling peaceably to act or to organize to act in promotion of their interests in a labor dispute;

(g) Advising or notifying any person of an intention to do any of the acts heretofore specified;

(h) Agreeing with other persons to do or not to do any of the acts heretofore specified; and (i) Advising, urging, or otherwise causing or inducing without fraud or violence the acts heretofore specified, regardless of any such undertaking or promise as is described in section 103 of this title.

(Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, § 4, 47 Stat. 70.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 105 of this title.

§ 105. Doing in concert of certain acts as constituting unlawful combination or conspiracy subjecting person to injunctive remedies

No court of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue a restraining order or temporary or permanent injunction upon the ground that any of the persons participating or interested in a labor dispute constitute or are engaged in an unlawful combination or conspiracy because of the doing in concert of the acts enumerated in section 104 of this title.

(Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, § 5, 47 Stat. 71.)

§ 106. Responsibility of officers and members of associations or their organizations for unlawful acts of individual officers, members, and agents

No officer or member of any association or organization, and no association or organization participating or interested in a labor dispute, shall be held responsible or liable in any court of the United States for the unlawful acts of individual officers, members, or agents, except upon clear proof of actual participation in, or actual authorization of, such acts, or of ratification of such acts after actual knowledge thereof.

(Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, § 6, 47 Stat. 71.)

§ 107. Issuance of injunctions in labor disputes; hearing; findings of court; notice to affected persons; temporary restraining order; undertakings

No court of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue a temporary or permanent injunction in any case involving or growing out of a labor dispute, as defined in this chapter, except after hearing the testimony of witnesses in open court (with opportunity for cross-examination) in support of the allegations of a complaint made under oath, and testimony in opposition thereto, if offered, and except after findings of fact by the court, to the effect

(a) That unlawful acts have been threatened and will be committed unless restrained or have been committed and will be continued unless restrained, but no injunction or temporary restraining order shall be issued on account of any threat or unlawful act excepting against the person or persons, association, or organization making the threat or committing the unlawful act or actually authorizing or ratifying the same after actual knowledge thereof;

(b) That substantial and irreparable injury to complainant's property will follow;

(c) That as to each item of relief granted greater injury will be inflicted upon complainant by the denial of relief then will be inflicted upon defendants by the granting of relief; (d) That complainant has no adequate remedy at law; and

(e) That the public officers charged with the duty to protect complainant's property are unable or unwilling to furnish adequate protection.

Such hearing shall be held after due and personal notice thereof has been given, in such manner as the court shall direct, to all known persons against whom relief is sought, and also to the chief of those public officials of the county and city within which the unlawful acts have been threatened or committed charged with the duty to protect complainant's property: Provided, however, That if a complainant shall also allege that, unless a temporary restraining order shall be issued without notice, a substantial and irreparable injury to complainant's property will be unavoidable, such a temporary restraining order may be issued upon testimony under oath, sufficient, if sustained, to justify the court in issuing a temporary injunction upon a hearing after notice. Such a temporary restraining order shall be effective for no longer than five days and shall become void at the expiration of said five days. No temporary restraining order or temporary injunction shall be issued except on condition that complainant shall first file an undertaking with adequate security in an amount to be fixed by the court sufficient to recompense those enjoined for any loss, expense, or damage caused by the improvident or erroneous issuance of such order or injunction, including all reasonable costs (together with a reasonable attorney's fee) and expense of defense against the order or against the granting of any injunctive relief sought in the same proceeding and subsequently denied by the court.

The undertaking mentioned in this section shall be understood to signify an agreement en