DEFINITIONS Practical Maximum Capacity: Practical Maximum Capacity, as defined in this survey, is the tonnage of paper, paperboard or pulp of normal commercial quality that could be produced with full use of equipment and adequate supplies of raw materials and labor, and assuming full demand. No allowance is made for losses due to unscheduled shutdowns, strikes, temporary lack of power, etc., which cause decreases in actual production, but not in production capacity. Capacity of paper machines which produce more than one grade is apportioned in accordance with actual production patterns of plans for future operation Capacity is reported in short tons of net finished paper and paperboard and air-dry (10% moisture content) pulp Shrinkage of bleached or semi-bleached pulp is taken into account. Annual practical maximum capacity includes changes in capacity only for the portion of the year in which they are actually effective. Year-end practical maximum capacity -assumes that all changes in capacity are in effect from the first day of the year in which they occur. New Machines and Net Improvements: Capacity increases or decreases are shown in two main groups: New Machines and Net Improvements. New Machines are defined as machines purchased or to be purchased from equipment manufacturers. Consequently, capacity changes resulting from transfer of paper machines from one mill to another are shown under Net Improvements. Net Improvements are defined as net changes resulting from modernization of machines, dismantling old machines, shifts in grades, etc. Capacity increases from new machines are shown under New Machines for the first two years of operation (including the year of installation). Any additional capacity realized in a third or subsequent year is shown under Net Improvements. Market Pulp Capacity: Market pulp in this survey is defined as wood pulp produced in the US. for sale to pulp consumers. It excludes pulp for use or consumption by a producing mill or for shipment by a producing mill to other mills within its supply region which it owns, controls or with which it is affiliated. (Shipments to owned mills outside the US are defined as market pulp) PAPER GRADES Newsprint: Paper made largely from groundwood pulp, used chiefly in the printing of newspapers. Groundwood, Uncoated: Uncoated papers containing more than 25% groundwood fiber in their furnish, excluding newsprint Machine and off Machine, Coated: Bleached papers with a coating weight of at least 21⁄21⁄2 pounds (25 x 38 - 500) on either side and at least 50% of the coating consisting of pigment. Book Paper, Uncoated and Chemical Writing: Bleached uncoated printing and writing papers containing not more than 25% groundwood pulp in their furnish, ie., offset, tablet, envelope, business papers (bond, ledger, mimeo, duplicator), form bond, cover and text and related papers Bleached Bristols: Includes tabulating index, tag and file folder, coated cover bristols, and uncoated bristols (index, printing, and postcard). Cotton Fiber: Papers containing 25% or more in their furnish of cotton, cotton rags, cotton waste, linters, linter pulp, flax, or similar fibers. Thin Papers: Includes carbonizing, condenser, cigarette, and similar thin specialties. Packaging and Industrial Converting Wrapping paper, shipping sack, bag and sack other than shipping sack, and other converting papers- 18 pounds and over. Unbleached Kraft: Paper containing more than 50% unbleached sulphate wood pulp. Other Packaging and Industrial Converting: Paper used for these purposes and containing more than 50% bleached wood pulp, also includes glassine, greaseproof, and vegetable parchment. Special Industrial: Paper and board, of all weights, calipers and furnishes, designed for specialized end uses, such as abrasive paper, absorbent paper, cable paper, electrical insulation, vulcanized fiber, resin-impregnating stock, and similar grades. It does not include wet machine board Tissue: Includes sanitary grades: ie, toilet, facial, napkin, toweling, sanitary napkin, wiper and special sanitary papers, and waxing. wrapping, wadding and miscellaneous grades. kraft paperboard manufactured for use as the fluting material when combining paperboard for conversion into corrugated boxes. Folding: Paperboard manufactured, such as clay coated unbleached kraft and bleached lined unbleached kraft backed, for conversion into folding cartons and beverage carriers. Other: All unbleached kraft paperboard whose end use is not otherwise classifed, such as board for a filier for solid fiber board to be fabricated into a shipping container, tube, can, drum, file folder tag, automotive panel, etc Solid Bleached Packaging Paperboard: Paperboard made for use in packaging from a furnish containing not less than 80% virgin bleached chemical wood pulp. (Bleached bristols not manufactured for packaging are included in the proper bleached bristol classification under paper). Linerboard: Sohd bleached paperboard, either Fourdrinier or Cylinder, manufactured for use as facing material when combining paperboard for conver sion into corrugated or sold fiber boxes. Folding: Solid bleached paperboard for conversion into folding cartons, such as folding cartons for ice cream, butter, oleomargarine, frozen foods, bakery products, cosmetics, drugs, etc. Milk Carton and Food Service: Sold bleached paperboard for conversion into milk carton, heavyweight cup, and round nested food container, plate, dish and tray, and for packaging for moist, liquid & oily foods. Other: Solid bleached paperboard for conversion into packaging of blister pack, tubes and other products not classified and GRADE DESCRIPTIONS PAPERBOARD GRADES (continued) above and for industrial products not classified under bleached bristols. Semi-Chemical Paperboard: Paperboard made from a furnish containing not less than 75% virgin wood pulp, the predominant portion of which is produced by a semi-chemical process. Recycled Paperboard: Paperboard manufactured from a combination of recycled fibers from various grades of paper stock with the predominant portion of its furnish being recycled fiberssometimes including a very minor portion or virgin fibers. Linerboard: Recycled paperboard produced from a furnish containing less than 80% virgin kraft wood pulp and used as facing material when combining paperboard for conversion into corrugated or solid fiber boxes. Corrugating Medium: Recycled paperboard produced from a furnish containing less than 75% virgin wood pulp and used as the fluting material when combining paperboard for conversion into corrugated boxes. Container Chip and Filler Board: Recycled paperboard manufactured as a filler for solid fiber board for conversion into solid fiber boxes and other container chipboard (all chipboard under 26# per m sq ft, manufactured for use as facing corrugated, solid fiber and single faced products which are used for interior packing, eg pads, partitions, dividers, layers and cushioning). Folding: Recycled paperboard manufactured with bending quality for conversion into folding cartons (including unlined chipboard, kraft lined, white lined and clay coated). Set-Up: Recycled paperboard manufactured with non-bending specifications for conversion into rigid or set-up boxes (including plain chipboard, newslined, white vat lined). Gypsum Wallboard Facing: Recycled paperboard manufactured for use as liner or facing on gypsum board, plasterboard (includes white, cream, gray, blue and all colors). Other: Recycled paperboard with the same characteristics as paperboard for bending packaging or non bending packaging but for non-packaging uses; plus recycled paperboard for end uses not otherwise classified, such as tag, file folder, tube, can, drum, match stem, tablet backs, toys, etc. CONSTRUCTION PAPER AND BOARD & OTHER Construction Paper: Sheathing paper, felts (roofing felts, floor covering, automotive felts, deadening, industrial, pipe covering, refrigerator), asbestos paper and asbestos filled paper, flexible wood fiber. insulation. Wet Machine Board: Binders board, shoe board (e.g., counter board, heel board, innersole, etc.) automotive board, chair seat backing, coaster board, luggage, mill board, panel board, table top board, etc. Insulating Board: A fibrous-felted homogeneous panel made by inter-felting of the fibers e.g., interior building board, wallboard, sound deadening board, acoustical tile, exterior sheathing board, roof insulation board, trailer board, etc. Hard Pressed Board: Vegetable fiber hardboard density 31 lbs. or over per cubic foot, treated or tempered or not treated or tempered. WOOD PULP Dissolving & Special Alpha: Highly refined bleached white sulphite or sulphate pulps with a high content of alpha (pure cellulose) fiber. Sulphite Paper Grades: Paper grade pulps produced by the sulphite process. Bleached pulp must achieve a G.E. Brightness of more than 75. Sulphate & Soda Paper Grades: Paper grade pulps produced by the sulphate (Kraft) or soda process. Bleached pulp must achieve a G.E. Brightness of more than 75. Semi-bleached pulp must achieve a G.E. Brightness of not less than 45 or more than 75. Semi-Chemical: High yield pulps produced with the use of some chemical agent such as neutral sulphite, alkaline cook, chemipulp, etc. Groundwood: Relatively short-fibered pulps produced by mechanically grinding wood rather than by reducing it to fiber by chemical action. Defibrated/Exploded: Defibrated -- Pulp produced mechanically by means of a Defibrator. Used principally in the manufacture of hardboards, insulating boards and roofing felts. Exploded Pulp produced by subjecting wood chips. to very high steam pressure. Used primarily in the production of hardboards. Screenings: Rejects and off-quality screenings from all grades of wood pulp except dissolving. FIBERS Roundwood: Comprises roundwood bolts and logs (4 feet or longer, including tree lengths) brought to the pulpmill for chipping or chips made from primary roundwood bolts and logs at a chipmill, remote from the pulpmill. Forest Residues: Comprises chips, particles and fibers arising as by-products of logging operations including culled material, slash, limbs, saplings, etc. Also includes other secondary forest material not usually defined as logging residues such as tops, branches, standing saplings and cull trees, etc. Manufacturing Residues: Comprises chips, particles and fibers arising from primary and secondary manufacturing (saw mills, plywood and veneer mills, flooring and furniture factories, etc.) including slabs, cores, edgings, shavings, sawdust, etc. Other Fibers: Cotton linters, cotton linter pulp, textile mill waste and cuttings, rags, waste rope and cordage, bagasse, flax, straw, jute, esparto, kenaf and all other non wood fibers used in paper and paperboard manufacture. STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN RETAIL FEDERATION BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY CONCERNING ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ACT OF 1970 March 15, 1974 AMERICAN RETAIL FEDERATION 1616 H Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Introduction & Recommendation The American Retail Federation is filing this statement on the future of the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970, as amended. The ARF, through its membership comprised of 50 state retail associations, 31 national retail associations, and sustaining corporate members, represents over one million retail establishments. The Federation urges that the economic controls authorization be allowed to expire on April 30, 1974, and that the powers conferred on the executive branch by the Economic Stabilization Act not be extended. The Federation unanimously adopted a policy supporting decontrol on November 20, 1973. That policy is as follows: "Currently, the American economy is in Phase IV of an economic 'Recognizing that economic controls have been in effect While retailing favors complete decontrol as soon as pos- 30-463 O 74-47 sectors of the economy may not make this feasible. Even "This has been the Federation's strong policy for the past year and retailing has not wavered or deviated from its position for decontrol. "During 1973 retailing has observed increasing shortages of consumer goods, distortion of normal competition, and the creation of an overwhelming administrative nightmare. However, unlike 1971 and 1972, we have seen very few instances of benefit deriving from the economic stabilization program. Retailing has always felt that competition in a free market was the best regulator of consumer prices and we strongly continue to hold that view. "While we recognize the Administration's objective of industryby-industry decontrol and that controls over some industries probably must be continued the ARF urges the immediate and complete decontrol of retailing from all aspects of the Economic Stabilization Program. Retailing, because it buys goods from manufacturers and resells them to consumers with very little value added, has not ever been a contributor to inflationary price trends. The historical low levels of retail profit margins indicate that competition tightly controls retail prices. Further, in the absence of sound argument for the extension of any economic controls past April 30, 1974, we firmly oppose the extension of controls authorization in any form by the Congress." It is the thesis of the Federation's position that the Economic Stabilization Program has not controlled the rate of inflation, and that retailing has not contributed to growth in the inflation rate in the United States. In fact, we submit that the competitive retail market has acted as a deterrent to inflation. The Federation further would urge that the Congress should discontinue the economic controls program because of the discriminatory and inequitable impact the Cost of Living Council controls are having on a substantial number of retailers. The following five points develop this thesis. * Several Federation members have proposed to modify this statement in order to oppose piecemeal decontrol. |