power he wielded over the King for his own ambitious ends, and the purposes of his church. One day the King resists his tolerant will, the idol is shattered, the faith is gone, and we hear the wail from the disgraced prelate, "Had I but served my God as I have served my King!" Brotherhood is a fact in Nature which is incorruptible, the desires of men that make for Brotherhood are incorruptible, the thoughts of men that work for Brotherhood are incorruptible. The faith of men in this fact of Nature is a sure faith, the evidence of that which is, though it is still incompletely comprehensible by them. Now, because the desires, thoughts and faiths of the majority of men and nations are wholly selfish and unbrotherly, and because in them the man lives and has his being as in a web, they are corruptible and will fade away and must give place to other desires and thoughts-a weary round of useless effort in the darkness of ignorance! Universal Brotherhood cries out in the world, "Awake! thou that sleepest! Let this corruptible put on incorruption! Arise into the new, the Higher Life!" beyond which it cannot go in accounting even for material things. And therefore, recognizing that science is thus bounded, many of the most eminent scientists, in their inherent capacity as human beings, testify (in terms basically similar to those of Newton) to their conviction that God is the under-all and over-all first and final cause, and the supreme Being whose presence and governance pervades the infinite or the "finite but unbounded"-cosmos. The Editors of NEW OUTLOOK regret to record the passing of John Daniels of New York City on February 17. Mr. Daniels, who wrote and lectured extensively on international cooperation, labor-management relations, world trade and general economic policies, was a friend of and contributor to the NEW OUTLOOK. This article was received shortly before his death. We extend our sympathy to the family of John Daniels. Homing Ability In Birds A RECENT issue of Ibis contains two important articles on the direction-finding abilities of birds (94, No. 2). ried out with starlings and homing pigeons. The starling's ability to reproduce constant compass directions was demonstrated in two ways; first, by using migratory activity as an indicator, the bird tending to take up a constant direction; second, by training the birds to choose one of several (up to twelve) feeders symmetrically distributed around the cage. If the incidence of light were changed by use of a mirror arrangement the direction chosen by the bird changed correspondingly. The sun was shown to be a governing factor, the orientation faculty (in experimental conditions) vanishing if the sun were hidden. The correct direction was reproduced regardless of the time of day. In the first article G. V. T. Mathews describes an extensive series of homing experiments carried out with 249 lesser blackbacked gulls (migratory species) and 91 herring gulls (a restricted nomad), together with twenty other sea birds. On release the lesser black-backed gulls showed a significant homeward orientation which was absent when the sun was obscured by clouds; some direct evidence and an analysis of the homing success indicated that a large proportion of the gulls were homing by an inefficient method, probably random exploration for known visual landmarks. A minority, however, were homing by a method not dependent on the distance or area of release, the orientation behavior suggesting some form of sun navigation. The herring gulls showed a much lesser ability to 'home', and this could be explained by there being a much smaller proportion of able navigators among them. Mathews also carried out experiments in which the earth's magnetic field masked by airborne magnets; this in no way affected homing ability. being taken as the test of direc was In the second article Gustav Kramer describes experiments car Experiments with homing pigeons showed that these birds were able to home over an unknown stretch of two hundred miles. Some sort of astronomical navigation is suggested by the fact that the pigeons seemed to be orientated even before starting. Apart from this orientation method direction, learning could be produced by training the pigeons along one homing line; by displacing the bird sideways they are misled, this tion learning. (Continued on page 58) NEW OUTLOOK A breath of Will blows eternally through the universe of souls in the direction of the Right and Necessary. It is the air which all intellects inhale, and it is the wind which blows the world into order and orbit.-Emerson. EDUCATION CENTER OPENED Egypt: A regional fundamental education center established by UNESCO in Egypt was opened last January by Egyptian officials. and UNESCO's Acting Director General, Dr. John W. Taylor. The new center will serve the Arab world in raising standards of living through education. It lies forty miles north of Cairo, at Sirsel-Layan, and is the second regional fundamental education center to be opened by UNESCO. The first serves Latin America, and has been in operation at Patzcuaro, Mexico, since May 1951. At Sirs-el-Layan, as at Patzcuaro, students are to be trained in practical techniques of improving economic and social conditions, and of combating illiteracy. Emphasis will be placed on actual field work in neighboring villages, rather than on classroom study. The new center also will be assigned the task of developing specially-adapted textbooks, posters, films and film strips for adults. During its initial stages, it will have fifty students from ria and Saudi Arabia. Later, enrolment will be increased to two hundred. Each student returns to his own country to spearhead widescale educational programs there. Several other specialized agencies of the United Nations are co-operating with UNESCO in the new project. FILM PRIZES International: An annual film award created by American producer, David Selznik, for the European films which most effectively contribute to international understanding was presented recently in Paris. First prize went to the British film, "Cry, the beloved country." Other prizes were awarded to "The Heart of the World" from Germany, to the Italian film, "Two cents worth of Hope," "The Swindlers' Banquet" from Belgium, and to "We are all murderers," made in France. ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF United States: According to the National Science Foundation here, Egypt, Hashemite Jordan, Iraq, Sy- photosynthesis appears the most promising way of using sunlight as an additional source of food and energy. Reporting to the United States Congress on its recent activities, the Foundation asked for more research on photosynthesisthe process whereby plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make foodstuffs. Research in the field, the Foundation reported, already is proceeding in many scientific centers in the U. S. Scientists hope that the present studies some day will lead to control of photosynthesis in the laboratory and the quick production of large quantities of food. CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY FUND International: The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund aided more than seventeen million children in seventy-two countries and territories this past year, according to an announcement from UNICEF officials. New stress was placed on child health and welfare services in rural areas, and help was extended, for the first time, to a broad section of Africa. UNICEF also announced that voluntary contributions received in 1952 totaled nearly ten million dollars. The money came from government and individuals in EDITORIAL FROM THE Under threat of picketing by would like to know what does. The Other War In Korea MOST OF THE people of South night. Dr. Charles R. Joy Many do not go to bed at allunless you can call a heap of rags on the sidewalk or a straw mat in some alley a bed. Among these homeless are thousands of young children. The orphanages cannot take them in; there is no other shelter for them. They wander about until they die, frozen and starving-little children who lost their universe when they lost their parents. Those are some of the grim facts of the human tragedy war has wrought in Korea. You want figures? Total relief aid contributed through both governmental and private voluntary agencies is tragically inadequate for the enormous need in this stricken land, where 2,500,000 refugees wait in vain for a chance to return to their old homes; where 3,500,000 war sufferers who have lost their houses, or their limbs, or the husbands and sons who were their mainstay, wonder if the future holds any hope for them; where an additional 4,000,000 people have been A n estimated five million people have been killed or injured plunged into wretched poverty. since the Communists crossed into South Korea on June 25, 1950more casualties than America has suffered in all the wars in which it has ever been engaged, and the end is not in sight. Half the population, some ten million persons, are dependent on relief because they are refugees who have lost their homes and lands. There are no figures, though, to measure the unspeakable misery that exists everywhere. The free world is spending some $5 billion a year to fight aggression in Korea But too many of us forget that there are two wars there, not one. And for that second war-the war against human misery-we are spending far too little. The superintendent of the Taegu City Children's Home is a woman who loves children, though she has none of her own.She has over 600 youngsters at the home. Yet every morning she goes to the orphanage gate and listens for a baby's cry, for often in the night some poor mother leaves her infant on the steps. She said to me: "I cannot close the gate on these little ones, and somehow I have always found a way to provide for them." On every doorstep in America some Korean baby waits, abandoned and forgotten because of this cruel war. We cannot shut our eyes and our ears and expect that baby to disappear. They wait, as Korea waits, to see whether the gate to our hearts will be opened. Dr. Joy, noted author and lecturer, has been in Korea for the past year as Mission Chief of Care. He is home to accelerate the flow of American aid to Korea through food and textile packages. Readers in a position to help are asked to subscribe through the L. A. CARE office, 1422 N. Highland Ave. or its national headquarters, 20 Broad Street, New York 5, N. Y. NEW OUTLOOK |