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1966 enacted appropriation__.

Summary of changes

Unobligated balance brought forward_.

Unobligated balance estimated at end of year__.

Total estimated obligations, 1966.

1967 appropriation request---.

Net change requested--.

Increases:

Program:

Research projects..

Training, research, and study grants--

Subtotal, program increases_.

Decreases: Nonrecurring program costs of prior year___.

Net change requested--.

EXPLANATION OF CHANGES

$1, 000, 000 741, 983 -684, 000

1,057, 983 1,800,000

+742, 017

765, 000 1,035, 000

1, 800, 000 1,057, 983

742, 017

In order to continue work already begun in research in foreign education and to initiate one new project, an increase of $265,000 is requested over the $500,000 authorized for 1966.

Funds amounting to $1,035,000 are requested in 1967 for the continuation and expansion of the training, research, and study programs which promote modern foreign language training and area studies by assisting in the funding of overseas activities to benefit American educational institutions.

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Public Law 480, 83d Congress, as amended, authorizes the use of foreign currencies derived from the sale of surplus agricultural commodities abroad for scientific research and the promotion and support of educational and cultural development (title I, sec. 104 (k)).

An appropriation of $1 million is available for fiscal year 1966 for purchase of currencies in Burma, India. Israel, Pakistan, Poland, United Arab Republic (Egypt), and Yugoslavia. Foreign currencies from these countries have been determined by the U.S. Treasury to be in excess of requirements of the United States and will be used for educational research, foreign language training, and area studies.

The amount requested for fiscal year 1967 is $800,000 more than was appropriated for this program in fiscal year 1966 for purposes of continuing the existing program and initiating projects in Ceylon, Guinea, and Tunisia.

A. Research in foreign education

Efforts in this area are devoted to research, study, and analysis of foreign educational systems, experience, and progress. The purpose of these efforts is to determine the relationship that education developments in other countries may have to the problems and needs of the U.S. system and to research any developments that appear to be of value to us. In order to continue work already begun in this area and to initiate one new project, an increase of $265,000 is requested over the $500,000 authorized for 1966.

The following is a list of the research projects to be carried out under this program in 1967:

1. Research projects on certain foreign educational problems also faced in the United States.-In some of the countries where Public Law 480 funds are available, there have been educational problems and developments in areas similar to those in American education. Information and research on methods and techniques associated with them is of value to American educators seeking to understand more about similar situations existing in the United States. For example, education of the handicapped and the gifted can be profitably studied in Poland. Education for culturally heterogeneous or minority groups, studies which have already been initiated in Israel, will be expanded to other countries, such as Yugoslavia. Use of new educational media in the classroom will be investigated in such relatively developed countries as Poland and Yugoslavia, as well as those experiences of less-developed countries in the use of new media in meeting literacy and basic educational needs. Initiation of four to six new projects will cost an additional $50,000 for a total of $200,000 in 1967.

2. Research projects on extension and improvement of teaching English as a foreign language. This is an area of particular concern to U.S. education for at least four major reasons: (1) the increasing need felt in this country to improve methods of teaching English to those whose native language is not English (such as Spanish speaking minorities); (2) the increasing demands being placed on U.S. education and U.S. teachers through technical cooperation programs of universities, educational organizations, foundations, and Government agencies, such as the Peace Corps, to assist in developing English language programs abroad; (3) the increasing numbers of foreign students and other educational visitors to the United States who need to have a good general background of English; and (4) the general national interest of the United States in improvement of English language teaching abroad.

Initial projects in seven individual Public Law 480 countries will consist of surveys and evaluations of current efforts to teach English as a foreign language. In addition, projects will begin in India patterned after those begun in Israel for upgrading of oral fluency in English. Included will be such immediately productive projects as the establishment of summer institutes for teachers on new methods of improving the speaking and understanding of English. Longer range projects will entail establishment of centers in universities or teacher training institutions to prepare instructional materials in English for different levels of difficulty and instruction. Cost of this project will be $205,000 in 1967 and represents an increase of $135,000 over 1966.

3. Research projects on the foreign student returning from the United States.— An area in which basic research is urgently needed is the reentry of the foreign student into his own culture and the adequacy of his U.S. education and experience for this purpose. American educational institutions could do a much better job of arranging effective programs for foreign students if they had systematic data on what happens to students returning to their own countries after their U.S. experiences. Efforts in this area will include studies of the situation with respect to the recognition of American educational experience and conferred degrees of returning foreign students for purposes of employment and professional advancement. This is a serious problem in many countries both to the students and to the prestige and image of American education. In 1967 we will initiate four projects in the countries of India, Pakistan, Israel, and the United Arab Republic, at an average annual cost of $15,000 each for a total of $60,000. 4. Surveys and studies of problems of education and development in relation to national and economic development.—Many of the Public Law 480 countries have either recently or in the not too distant past emerged from a state of colonialism, and are also at various states of emergence from a state of economic underdevelopment. In most of them education is regarded as a principal means of rapid national development. Intensive studies directly related to the role of

education in connection with the various changes occurring in a number of these countries, shed considerable light on the development process in different societies. They are of value to this country's educational institutions and to personnel assisting in educational development both in other oversea areas and in depressed areas in the United States such as Appalachia. One field of study is the role of Vocational education and popular attitudes toward it in the national development process. Still another is the impact of education upon society, including the economic payoff from investments in education. During 1967 these and similar studies will be continued at an average cost of $15,000 for each country for a total of $150,000.

5. Bibliography projects.-These projects provide for the scanning of foreign educational literature and the preparation, publication, and dissemination in the United States of annotated bibliographies.

Projects now exist in Poland, Yugoslavia, Burma, and Israel. Others will be established this year. It is proposed to continue this work during 1967, at which time projects will have been established in all Public Law 480 countries and will cost $100,000 to administer.

6. Travel support.-In conformity with current practice, necessary travel (air transportation, per diem, etc.) to set up arrangements for such projects and to carry through on later consultations in the field would be financed principally by Public Law 480 funds. (A very limited amount of funds from salaries and expenses appropriations is necessary to cover the dollar portion of such travel.) Also, a limited amount of Public Law 480 funds will be required to finance the travel of a few selected OE and personal services contract specialists to make field studies in connection with preparation of comparative education manuscripts for OE publication. Such manuscripts and field studies are planned in (1) Pakistan, (2) Malaysia (using Burma Public Law 480 travel funds), and (3) Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary. Funds amounting to $50,000 are requested for 1967, an increase of $20,000 over 1966.

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B. Training, research, and study grants

These grants are intended to promote modern foreign language training and area studies by assisting in the funding of oversea activities to benefit American education institutions by acquiring research and teaching materials and by supporting visits, seminars, and study in foreign countries by curriculum supervisors, teachers, and professors to improve their skill in languages and their knowledge of the culture of other people. Area studies are considered to include the study of history, geography, political science, economics, sociology, anthropology, or comparative education. Funds amounting to $1,035,000 are requested in 1967 for continuation and expansion of this program which will include establishing projects in these additional countries: Ceylon, Guinea, and Tunisia.

This represents an increase of $535,000 over 1966 and will provide for the following programs:

1. Support for the acquisition of research and teaching materials for language and area programs in south Asian studies and in Arabic studies.-Projects under this program consist of grants to colleges and universities which have Asian and Arabian area centers in the United States. Most of the centers also maintain library collections in their area of interest but are in need of additional as well as current educational materials. Six grants are to be made available during 1966 for the purpose of purchasing books, photographic, exhibit, and other educational materials as well as for reproducing data and preparing tapes.

An increase amounting to $85,000 is requested for grants to be awarded to three to six additional centers during 1967 in each of the two major areas. The total cost will be $201,400 and will enable appropriate levels of these materials to be distributed to graduate and undergraduate language and area programs in American colleges and universities.

2. Foreign studies extension programs.-An amount of $563,600 is requested for grants for foreign studies extension programs in 1967. These grants will be provided to American institutions of higher education for the purpose of enabling them to carry out desirable activities to extend and improve their curriculums in modern foreign languages and area studies. One such program is the summer overseas seminar. Participants in the seminar will include instructors or advanced undergraduates preparing to be teachers of modern foreign languages or area studies. An increase of $70,000 is included in the request in order to raise the number of participants in this program from 56 to 102.

Another program, advanced training, provides higher education faculty members with overseas experiences designed to strengthen their teaching capabilities and curricular offerings in the same areas. To increase the number of awards in this program from 26 in 1966 to 36 in 1967 requires an additional $110,000.

3. Grants for teacher development and instructional enrichment.-Grants in this program will promote modern foreign language training, area studies, and other fields of national interest to American educators by supporting visits. seminars, and study in foreign countries by curriculum supervsors, teachers, and gradnate students training to become elementary and secondary schoolteachers. The purpose will be to improve their skill in languages and their knowledge of the culture of other people.

In 1967, an increase of $270,000 is requested to initiate projects in India, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, the United Arab Republic, and Yugoslavia. This will provide for approximately 70 grants for study in these countries by elementary and secondary educators. To date, opportunities for such study have been extremely limited under the present exchange programs. This project will be implemented through recruitment by the Office of Education through nationwide competition. These grants are similar to other seminars which the Office now administers. Most of the grants will be of a short term duration, about 8 weeks, and will be awarded to teachers and supervisors. A limited number of 10-month study or research grants will be awarded to graduate students, teachers, and curriculum directors.

60-302-66--23

Training, research, and study grants—Distribution by country

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Mr. BRIGHT. Our budget includes $1,800,000 for 1967, an increase of $800,000, for research and training in foreign countries financed from excess foreign currencies under Public Law 480.

An amount of $765,000 is included for research. Projects will be designed to investigate certain educational problems and processes of concern to both the United States and the foreign countries, and to provide basic information on foreign educational systems, developments, and literature. Many of these countries have recently emerged from a state of colonialism, or are at various stages of the national development process and regard education as a principal means of rapid development. Studies in this area of priority interest will be under

taken.

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