...which by signing it have acquired a provisional status vis-a-vis the Convention, each of them being ' obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of the treaty ...' until it ' shall have made its intention clear not to become a party to the treaty...

...authentication of the text of a treaty, the essential matter of consent to be bound and an obligation to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty when a State has signed the treaty or expressed its consent to be bound.10 The Article on full powers draws...

...customary international law, a signatory to a treaty is obliged, prior to the treaty's entry into force, to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of the treaty. This obligation continues in the case of a bilateral treaty only for so long as both signatories...

...this memorandum against United States signature of any law of the sea treaty. States are obligated to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty, following signature thereof, until they make clear their intention not to ratify it. This obligation...

...may carry with it the obligation, under article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, to "refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty." 1OT Citing this article, Prof. H. Gary Knight in May 1975 *" Pell Clalborne. "Treatment of Scientific...

...comment on an earlier draft of Article 25 of the Convention in lLC Yearbook 1966, Vol. II, p. 316. are obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of the agreement, until they have made their intention clear not to become a party thereto.70 There exists...

...ratified the ECHR, Article 18 of the Vienna Convention obliges a State which is signatory to a treaty to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of such treaty. The 15. See EA Alkema, "The judicial protection of fundamental rights in the Netherlands",...

...the Law of Treaties 291, UN Doc. A/CONF. 39/11/Add. 2 [hereinafter cited as Vienna Convention] (1971) ("A State is obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty when ... it has signed the treaty or . . . expressed its consent to be bound by the treaty . . . ."). The...

...intention not to ratify. Therefore, both Parties are subject to the obligation under international law to refrain from acts which would "defeat the object and purpose" of the TTBT. Soviet actions that would defeat the object and purpose of the TTBT are therefore violations...

...thereunder. According to article 18 of the Vienna Convention on Treaties, a signatory would be obligated to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of the agreement until it makes its intention clear not to become a party to the agreement.35 It can also...