Road from Kyoto

Economic Impact of the Kyoto Protocol on Illinois

Importance of Dealing with Climate Issues Factually

Administration's Intent With Respect to Implementation of the Pro-

tocol Prior to Senate Ratification and Impact of Delays on Meeting

Emissions Targets

Role of Nuclear Energy

APPENDIX 1: ADDITIONAL STATEMENT SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD

Statement for the record submitted by Jeffery P. Harris, People for the

USA, Pueblo, CO

Financial Disclosure Information

APPENDIX 2: ANSWERS TO POST-HEARING QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY MEMBERS

OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE

The Honorable Stuart E. Eizenstat, Under Secretary of State for Economic,

Business and Agricultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State:

Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted March 26, 1998, by Chairman

F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.:

Climate Change and Infectious Diseases

Chapter 18 ("Human Population Health") of the 1995 Intergovern-

mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) document "Climate

Change 1995-Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate

Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses"

Is the Kyoto Protocol Target the United States Agreed to Actually 7%

Lower than What the President Proposed in October?

Significance of U.S. Signing the Kyoto Protocol

Developing Country Participation: The Bonn and Buenos Aires Agendas

and Processes for Addressing Developing Country Participation

Developing Country Participation: Use of Article 41 of the Vienna Con-

vention on the Law of Treaties to Obtain Developing Country Participa-

tion

Developing Country Participation: Possibility of New and Additional U.S.

Commitments or Requirements to Obtain Developing Country Partici-

pation

Developing Country Participation: Developing Country Participation in

Emissions Trading through an Amendment to Annex B of the Protocol .

Impacts of Delaying Submission of the Kyoto Protocol to the Senate

for Its Advice and Consent to Ratification on Ability of the U.S. to

Meet Protocol Requirements

Administration's Commitment to Submitting to the Senate for Ratifica-

tion Any Amendment and/or Supplemental Protocol to the Kyoto Pro-

tocol

Must Any Amendments to the Protocol Be Submitted to the Senate

for Advise and Consent to Ratification?

Is the Adoption of an Amendment by "the Conference of the Parties

Serving as the Meeting of the Parties" a Decision of "the Conference

of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties"?

Article 17 Provision for the Conference of the Parties to Define the

Principles, Modalities, Rules and Guidelines for Emissions Trading

Article 17 and the Possible Role of the United Nations Relative to U.S.

Economic Growth and Foreign Policy

115

116

117

Article 17 Requirement That Emissions Trading Be Supplemental to

Domestic Actions

117

Legal Status of Kyoto Protocol Rules, Guidelines, Procedures, Modalities,

Etc., Adopted by the Conference of the Parties and/or the Parties

Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted March 26, 1998, by Chairman

F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.-Continued

Page

U.S. Conceptual Agreement With a Number of Countries to Pursue an

Umbrella Group to Trade Emissions Permits

119

Administration Plans to Implement the Kyoto Protocol Without Senate

Ratification

120

Administration's Bases for Declaring Carbon Dioxide and Other Green-

house Gases to be Pollutants

122

Opportunity for Congressional and Public Review of U.S. Positions for

Upcoming Bonn and Buenos Aires Meetings

New U.S. Requirements Imposed by Articles 10 and 11 of the Kyoto

Protocol

123

124

Clarification of the Protocol's Article 25.1 Entry-Into-Force Provisions

Parties Covered Under Article 3.5 of the Protocol

Article 18 and Kyoto Protocol Enforcement and Compliance

U.S. Opposition to Mandatory, Harmonized Policies and Measures

Implication of Article 26 (No Reservations) of the Kyoto Protocol

Implications of the Kyoto Protocol for U.S. National Security and the

Ability of the U.S. Military to Meet Its Worldwide Responsibilities

Implementing Legislation and/or Appropriations Needed to Carry Out

the Terms of the Kyoto Protocol

March 4, 1998, Testimony of Dr. Janet Yellen, Chair, Council of Economic

Advisors (CEA), before the House Commerce Subcommittee on Energy

and Power on the Economics of the Kyoto Protocol

"The Kyoto Protocol and the President's Policies to Address Climate

Change," Administration Economic Analysis, July 1998

"Comprehensive Electricity Competition Act: Supporting Analysis,

DOE/PO-0057, Office of Economic, Electricity and Natural Gas

Analysis, Office of Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Depart-

ment of Energy, July 1998"

Claimed Savings in Carbon Permit Fee Costs Based on CEA Assumptions

About Energy Efficiency

Claimed Savings in Carbon Permit Fee Costs Based on CEA Assumptions

About Trading Among Annex I Countries

357

Claimed Savings in Carbon Permit Fee Costs Based on CEA Assumptions

About Trading with Non-Annex I Countries through the Clean Develop-

Administration Assumptions About Future Emissions Reductions Beyond

2012

Use of Treasury Department Economic Model in Kyoto Negotiations

Next Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Plenary and

List(s) of Key Policy-Relevant Questions and Key Policy-Relevant Sci-

entific Questions

"TAR Synthesis Report," IPCC-XIV/Doc. 8 (25-VIII-1998), Sub-

mitted by the Chairman, August 24, 1998, Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change, Fourteenth Session, Vienna, 1-3 October

1998.

Changes to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Proce-

dural Rules

Answers to Additional Post-Hearing Questions Submitted August 7, 1998,

by Chairman F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.:

Letter dated August 7, 1998, from Science Committee Chairman F.

James Sensenbrenner, Jr. to the Honorable Stuart E. Eizenstat, Under

Secretary of State for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs

Omission of 1990 Carbon Dioxide Emissions for Croatia, Lithuania,

Slovenia and the Ukraine from Table on page 60 of document

FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add.1

Obligations of Developing Countries That Are Also OECD Members

Definition of the Term "Meaningful Participation from Key Devel-

oping Countries"

Changing the Protocol by Decisions of any Subsidiary Body or the

403

Workshops/IPCC Special Report on Land-Use Change and Forestry

Length of Time for Negotiations on Rules for Implementing the Kyoto

Protocol

425

456

President Clinton's July 25, 1998 Radio Address on Global Warning

-Continued

Letter dated August 7, 1998, from Science Committee Chairman F.

James Sensenbrenner, Jr. to the Honorable Stuart E. Eizenstat, Under

Secretary of State for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs—

Continued

Cutting Greenhouse Gases through Energy Savings Performance

Contracts (ESPCs)

Potential Conflicts Between the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols

IPCC Proposed Rules Changes

Line-By-Line Approval of the Synthesis Report

U.S. Support of IPCC Chairman's_Proposals for Changes in the

IPCC's Approach to the Synthesis Support

Policy-Relevant Questions

Annex II of document FCCC/SBSTA/1997/14: "List of key policy

issues to be addressed in the Third Assessment Report of

the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"

Document FCCC/SBSTA/1997/MISC.4: "Cooperation with Rel-

evant International Organizations, Structure and content of

the Third Assessment Report of the IPSS, Comments by Par-

ties, Note by the Secretariat"

Document FCCC/SBSTA/1998/MISC.1 "Cooperation with Rel-

evant International Organizations, Structure and content of

the Third Assessment Report of the IPSS, Additional com-

ments by Parties, Note by the Secretariat"

Synthesis Report

Designation of IPCC Rules of Procedure as "Guidelines"

Answers to Additional Post-Hearing Questions Submitted September 18,

1998, by Chairman F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.:

Letter dated September 18, 1998, from Science Committee Chairman

F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. to the Honorable Stuart E. Eizenstat,

Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business and Agricultural Af-

fairs

Proposed Change of IPCC "Procedures" to IPCC "Guidelines"

Changes Made to the Existing 1993 IPCC Procedures

Involvement In and Input to the IPCC from the Private Sector

Approval Process of the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) Syn-

thesis Report and Policy-Relevant Scientific Questions

Japanese Media Article Reports About a U.S. Proposal for "Sharing

Quotas” and, in Exchange, United States and Japan Provisions

to Pacific Rim Countries of "Environmental, Technical, and Finan-

cial Assistance"

APPENDIX 3: ADDITIONAL MATERIALS FOR THE RECORD

Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Cli-

mate Change

FCCC/CP/1997/7, "Report of the Conference of the Parties on its

Third Session, held at Kyoto from 1 to 11 December 1997, Part

One: Proceedings," March 18, 1998

FCCC/CP/1997/7/Corr. 1, "Report of the Conference of the Parties

on its Third Session, held at Kyoto from 1 to 11 December 1997,

Corrigendum," June 9, 1998

FCCC/CP/1997/7/Add. 1, "Report of the Conference of the Parties

on its Third Session, held at Kyoto from 1 to 11 December 1997,

Part Two: Actions Taken by the Conference of the Parties at its

Third Session," March 18, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol is part of

this document. The Protocol should be read together with decisions

1/CP.3, 2/CP.3 and 3/CP.3 which are also contained herein.)

Text of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change, as amended by the Conference of the Parties at its Third

Administration Remarks/Speeches

680

Testimony of Dr. Janet Yellen, Chair, Council of Economic Advisers

before the House Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Power

Administration Remarks/Speeches Continued

Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, "Earth Day 1998: Global

Problems and Global Solutions," Remarks on Earth Day at the

National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, April 21,

1998 .......

Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, Address to the Australasia

Centre of the Asia Society, Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Aus-

tralia, July 30, 1998

Stuart E. Eizenstat, Under Secretary of State for Economic, Busi-

ness, and Agricultural Affairs, Remarks on Tokyo Ministerial on

Climate Change, Tokyo, Japan, September 18, 1998

Testimony of Dr. Janet Yellen, Chair, Council of Economic Advisers

before the House Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Power

on the Economics of the Kyoto Protocol, October 6, 1998

Testimony of Melinda L. Kimble, Acting Assistant Secretary for

Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs,

U.S. Department of State before the House Commerce Sub-

committee on Energy and Power on the Economics of the Kyoto

Protocol, October 6, 1998

Stuart E. Eizenstat, Under Secretary of State for Economic, Busi-

ness, and Agricultural Affairs, "Fighting Global Warming: From

Kyoto to Buenos Aires and Beyond," Speech at the Center for

National Policy, Washington, DC, October 28, 1998

Administration Fact Sheets

701

"The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change," Fact Sheet released by

the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International

Environmental and Scientific Affairs, January 15, 1998

"The Kyoto Protocol," Fact Sheet released by the U.S. Department

of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and

Scientific Affairs, November 2, 1998

739

"International Emissions Trading," Fact Sheet released by the U.S.

Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environ-

mental and Scientific Affairs, November 2, 1998 ....

744

748

"The Clean Development Mechanism," Fact Sheet released by the

U.S. Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International

Environmental and Scientific Affairs, November 2, 1998

"The U.S. Country Studies Program," Fact Sheet released by the

White House, November 2, 1998

"U.S. Domestic Climate Change Program," Fact Sheet released by

the U.S. Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International

Environmental and Scientific Affairs, November 2, 1998

"New Climate Science Findings," Fact Sheet released by the U.S.

Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environ-

mental and Scientific Affairs, November 2, 1998

Congressional Research Service Documents

Curt Tarnoff, Global Climate Change: The Role of U.S. Foreign As-

sistance, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS

Report 97-1015 F, November 21, 1997

Larry Parker and John Blodgett, Global Climate Change: Reducing

Greenhouse Gases-How Much from What Baseline, Congressional

Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS Report 98-235 ENR,

March 11, 1998

David M. Ackerman, Global Climate Change: Selected Legal Ques-

tions About the Kyoto Protocol, Congressional Research Service,

Library of Congress, CRS Report 98-349A, April 10, 1998

Susan R. Fletcher, Global Climate Change Treaty: The Kyoto Pro-

tocol, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS

Report 98-2 ENR, July 1998

Wayne A. Morissey, Global Climate Change: Congressional Concern

About "Back Door" Implementation of the 1997 U.N. Kyoto Protocol,

Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, CRS Report

98-664 STM, August 10, 1998

Resources for the Future Documents

J.W. Anderson, "The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change: Background,

Unresolved Issues and Next Steps," Resources for the Future, Jan-

Resources for the Future Documents-Continued

Raymond J. Kopp and J.W. Anderson, "Estimating the Costs of

Kyoto: How Plausible Are the Clinton Administration's Figures?”,

Resources for the Future, March 12, 1998

Raymond J. Kopp and Michael Toman, "Annex B Emissions Trading"

and "Joint Implementation: A Primer," Resources for the Future,

September, 1998

Raymond J. Kopp and Michael Toman, "The Clean Development

Mechanism: A Primer," Resources for the Future, September, 1998

Raymond J. Kopp and Michael Toman, "International Emissions

Trading," Resources for the Future, October 1, 1998

Roger Sedjo, Brent Sohngen and Pamela Jagger, "Carbon Sinks in
the Post-Kyoto World: Part I," Resources for the Future, October
2, 1998

Roger Sedjo, Brent Sohngen and Pamela Jagger, "Carbon Sinks in
the Post-Kyoto World: Part II," Resources for the Future, October
2, 1998

Foreign Affairs Articles

Richard N. Cooper, "Toward a Real Global Warming Treaty," Foreign

Affairs, March/April 1998, Volume 77, No. 2, pp. 66-79

Stuart Eizenstat, "Stick with Kyoto: A Sound Start on Global Warm-
ing," Foreign Affairs, May/June 1998, Volume 77, No. 3 pp. 119–

121

Henry D. Jacoby, Ronald G. Prim, and Richard Schmalensee,

"Kyoto's Unfinished Business," Foreign Affairs, July/August 1998,

Volume 77, No. 4, pp. 54-66

Books

Road from Kyoto: Hearing Before the Committee on Science, U.S. House ..., Part 3