The Process of Economic DevelopmentPsychology Press, 2004 - 539 pages The Process of Economic Developmentis a textbook with a story to tell. It discusses from the colonial era to the present in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Encompassing a nice blend of classical development ideas and current theory, the book helps students gain the type of balanced picture disallowed them by other textbooks. A close examination of recent events is integral to the book, with discussions ranging from the environment to the debt crisis, and from export-led industrialization to import substitution, endogenous growth theory and technological capability. Throughout, the authors focus on income distribution, poverty, and social issues and the book has a readable style and format. Plentiful diagrams, boxes and user-friendly summaries, and end of chapter questions help the reader to grasp many-faceted topics. Building upon the impressive and popular first edition, Cypher and Dietz have pulled off that rarity in textbook publishing: a book which will leave student with a frameworkof understanding that will empower them to go on to understand a broad range of "North-South" issues and controversies. |
Contents
The development imperative | 3 |
Poverty in the lessdeveloped world | 5 |
The development enigma | 9 |
Recent trends in economic growth | 11 |
Why development and why now? | 16 |
Economic growth and development requires structural change | 17 |
Barriers to development | 20 |
Questions for review | 22 |
beyond easy ISI | 281 |
Foreign exchange shortages | 282 |
Easy export substitution | 283 |
Difficult or secondary ISI | 288 |
explaining strategy switches | 291 |
Subsequent strategy switches | 294 |
Export promotion | 297 |
Continuing change | 299 |
Resources for student use and suggestions for further reading | 23 |
Notes | 25 |
References | 27 |
Measuring economic growth and development | 28 |
The economic growthincome criterion of development | 29 |
Measuring economic growth | 31 |
Adjustments to the total income measure | 34 |
is one income measure better than the other? | 43 |
the human development index | 47 |
Adjustments to the HDI | 50 |
Comparing the income per capita and HDI measures | 52 |
goals at odds? | 53 |
Questions for review | 58 |
Notes | 59 |
References | 61 |
Calculating the Gini coefficient | 62 |
Calculating the HDI index | 63 |
Development in historical perspective | 66 |
The origins of economic development | 68 |
Colonialism | 70 |
The lasting effects of colonialism and path dependency | 71 |
Forms of European colonialism | 73 |
from old colonialism to new colonialism | 74 |
The functional role of colonialism | 75 |
the enduring significance of collaboration | 78 |
Deindustrialization in the colonies | 79 |
Colonial industrialization? | 81 |
Measuring the impact of colonialism | 83 |
Credit and underdevelopment | 86 |
18701914 | 87 |
Mature colonialism and progressive colonialism | 88 |
Progressive colonialism | 89 |
Decolonization | 90 |
Point Four Aid | 91 |
Economic dualism | 92 |
Summary | 95 |
Questions for review | 96 |
References | 98 |
Theories of development and underdevelopment | 101 |
Classical and neoclassical theories | 103 |
a theory of competitive capitalism and growth | 105 |
Malthas theory of population and economic growth | 108 |
Ricardos theories of diminishing returns and comparative advantage | 111 |
Marxs analysis of capitalist development | 119 |
Neoclassical growth models | 120 |
Questions for review | 124 |
Notes | 125 |
References | 127 |
Developmentalist theories of economic development | 128 |
The theory of the big push | 130 |
A theory of balanced growth | 133 |
Unbalanced growth | 135 |
Growth with unlimited supplies of labor | 140 |
Utilizing the economic surplus | 147 |
Stages of growth theory | 149 |
Questions for review | 154 |
References | 156 |
Heterodox theories of economic development | 158 |
The Latin American structuralists | 159 |
The institutionalists | 171 |
Dependency analysis | 177 |
Classical Marxism | 183 |
Questions for review | 185 |
Notes | 186 |
References | 187 |
The structural transformation | 189 |
The state as a potential agent of transformation from neoliberalism to embedded autonomy | 191 |
Origins of the neoliberal paradigm | 193 |
Government in the process of development | 199 |
The neoliberalism of Deepak Lai | 202 |
The new political economy | 205 |
An assessment of the neoliberal theory of the state | 206 |
Embedded autonomy | 210 |
Depicting state forms | 215 |
Conclusion | 218 |
Questions for review | 219 |
References | 221 |
Endogenous growth theories and new strategies for development | 223 |
The income convergence controversy | 224 |
Income convergence and path dependence | 227 |
Endogenous growth models | 228 |
Key inputs to growth in endogenous growth models | 234 |
Technical efficiency change | 239 |
Questions for review | 241 |
Notes | 242 |
References | 246 |
The initial structural transformation initiating the industrialization process | 248 |
Structural change and economic growth and development | 250 |
The Lewis dualeconomy model of structural transformation | 252 |
Initiating the structural transformation toward industrialization | 253 |
Why is governmentsponsored ISI needed? | 257 |
government intervention to protect domestic industry | 260 |
Static and dynamic welfare effects of an infant industry tariff | 264 |
when is enough enough? | 267 |
The importance of embedded state autonomy to successful ISI | 268 |
Potential gains from the easy ISI stage of industrialization | 269 |
Parastate firms and social capital | 270 |
Measuring the success of easy ISI | 272 |
Conclusions | 273 |
Internet exercise | 275 |
References | 279 |
Strategy switching and industrial transformation | 280 |
What can other lessdeveloped nations learn? | 300 |
Where we are headed | 301 |
Questions for review | 302 |
Notes | 303 |
References | 307 |
Agriculture and development | 309 |
Inadequate infrastructural investment | 313 |
Agrarian dualism | 315 |
Primary product monoexporters | 317 |
Peasant agriculture and smallscale cultivators | 321 |
Are peasants efficient producers? | 324 |
Highyield varieties and rural productivity | 328 |
The developmental problems of cash crop farmers | 331 |
Large landholdings and agrarian backwardness | 335 |
The structuralist view | 337 |
Transnational agribusiness | 338 |
Government in agricultural development | 340 |
Land reform | 342 |
Land reform in Mexico | 343 |
South Koreas Saemaul Undong | 344 |
Questions for review | 347 |
Notes | 348 |
References | 349 |
Population education and human capital | 351 |
The population problem | 352 |
The demographic transition | 355 |
Determinants of the crude birth rate | 357 |
The importance of the different roles of children in less developed and developed economies | 359 |
augmenting initial endowments | 362 |
Human capital accumulation and market failure | 365 |
Population growth and human capital accumulation | 369 |
Final observations | 370 |
Questions for review | 371 |
Internet exercises | 373 |
Notes | 374 |
References | 376 |
Technology and development | 377 |
What is technology? | 378 |
A technological strategy of development | 380 |
Total factor productivity and national technology | 384 |
Technologycentered development versus capitalcentered development | 386 |
Industrial innovation | 390 |
Industrial policies to promote national technology | 392 |
Macropolicies and technological change | 393 |
Policy implications | 394 |
Questions for review | 396 |
Notes | 397 |
References | 398 |
Problems and issues | 401 |
Transnational corporations and economic development | 403 |
Import substitution industrialization and the TNCs | 404 |
The globally integrated production system | 407 |
Direct foreign investment | 410 |
Who in the lessdeveloped countries gains from DFI? | 411 |
Potential costs of TNCs to a host country | 415 |
Weak linkages thin globalization | 417 |
Export promotion and the fallacy of composition | 420 |
the potential for environmental degradation | 421 |
Export processing zones and the problems of small nations | 422 |
Bargaining with the TNCs | 428 |
The integrated production system | 433 |
Conclusion | 436 |
Questions for review | 437 |
438 | |
Macroeconomic equilibrium the external balance | 440 |
Exchange rates | 441 |
Types of exchange rate regimes | 442 |
The balance of payments | 452 |
The capital account and financial account balances | 455 |
The twin deficits and the balance of payments | 458 |
What is a balance of payments problem? | 459 |
Currency overvaluation and the balance of payments | 461 |
Good external imbalances | 464 |
Monitoring the balance of payments | 466 |
Questions for review | 467 |
Notes | 468 |
References | 470 |
The debt problem and development | 471 |
Origins of the external debt dilemma | 472 |
Petrodollar recycling | 473 |
Dimensions of the debt crisis | 475 |
External borrowing adjustment policies and savings | 480 |
The debt burden | 482 |
The debt crisis | 484 |
Efforts to overcome the debt crisis | 485 |
Debt overhang and future economic growth | 487 |
Questions for review | 489 |
Notes | 491 |
494 | |
International institutional linkages the IMF the World Bank and foreign aid | 496 |
The IMF | 497 |
Objectives of the IMF | 503 |
Do IMF programs work? | 509 |
The World Bank | 512 |
Critiques of World Bank and IMF SALs | 520 |
Sustainable development comprehensive development framework and a knowledge bank? | 521 |
Foreign aid | 522 |
Conclusion | 527 |
Questions for review | 528 |
References | 530 |
533 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Africa agriculture Asia average balance of payments borrowing capita income capital accumulation capitalist Chapter colonial comparative advantage contribute costs created current account deficit developed nations Development Report dollars domestic easy ISI economic development economic growth economists effects efficiency endogenous growth endogenous growth theories EPZS exchange rate expanded external debt firms foreign exchange foreign exchange market Fund Gini coefficient global growth rates human capital human development import substitution increase industrial inputs institutions investment land Latin America less-developed countries less-developed nations less-developed world loans manufacturing measure ment Mexico million neoclassical neoliberal nomic output Oxford University Press path dependence percent physical capital population growth potential poverty profits programs relatively result role rupees sector social society South Korea strategy structural transformation surplus Table tariff terms of trade theory tion TNCs United workers World Bank