The Process of Economic Development

Front Cover
Psychology Press, 2004 - 539 pages
The Process of Economic Developmentis a textbook with a story to tell. It discusses from the colonial era to the present in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Encompassing a nice blend of classical development ideas and current theory, the book helps students gain the type of balanced picture disallowed them by other textbooks. A close examination of recent events is integral to the book, with discussions ranging from the environment to the debt crisis, and from export-led industrialization to import substitution, endogenous growth theory and technological capability. Throughout, the authors focus on income distribution, poverty, and social issues and the book has a readable style and format. Plentiful diagrams, boxes and user-friendly summaries, and end of chapter questions help the reader to grasp many-faceted topics. Building upon the impressive and popular first edition, Cypher and Dietz have pulled off that rarity in textbook publishing: a book which will leave student with a frameworkof understanding that will empower them to go on to understand a broad range of "North-South" issues and controversies.

From inside the book

Contents

The development imperative
3
Poverty in the lessdeveloped world
5
The development enigma
9
Recent trends in economic growth
11
Why development and why now?
16
Economic growth and development requires structural change
17
Barriers to development
20
Questions for review
22
beyond easy ISI
281
Foreign exchange shortages
282
Easy export substitution
283
Difficult or secondary ISI
288
explaining strategy switches
291
Subsequent strategy switches
294
Export promotion
297
Continuing change
299

Resources for student use and suggestions for further reading
23
Notes
25
References
27
Measuring economic growth and development
28
The economic growthincome criterion of development
29
Measuring economic growth
31
Adjustments to the total income measure
34
is one income measure better than the other?
43
the human development index
47
Adjustments to the HDI
50
Comparing the income per capita and HDI measures
52
goals at odds?
53
Questions for review
58
Notes
59
References
61
Calculating the Gini coefficient
62
Calculating the HDI index
63
Development in historical perspective
66
The origins of economic development
68
Colonialism
70
The lasting effects of colonialism and path dependency
71
Forms of European colonialism
73
from old colonialism to new colonialism
74
The functional role of colonialism
75
the enduring significance of collaboration
78
Deindustrialization in the colonies
79
Colonial industrialization?
81
Measuring the impact of colonialism
83
Credit and underdevelopment
86
18701914
87
Mature colonialism and progressive colonialism
88
Progressive colonialism
89
Decolonization
90
Point Four Aid
91
Economic dualism
92
Summary
95
Questions for review
96
References
98
Theories of development and underdevelopment
101
Classical and neoclassical theories
103
a theory of competitive capitalism and growth
105
Malthas theory of population and economic growth
108
Ricardos theories of diminishing returns and comparative advantage
111
Marxs analysis of capitalist development
119
Neoclassical growth models
120
Questions for review
124
Notes
125
References
127
Developmentalist theories of economic development
128
The theory of the big push
130
A theory of balanced growth
133
Unbalanced growth
135
Growth with unlimited supplies of labor
140
Utilizing the economic surplus
147
Stages of growth theory
149
Questions for review
154
References
156
Heterodox theories of economic development
158
The Latin American structuralists
159
The institutionalists
171
Dependency analysis
177
Classical Marxism
183
Questions for review
185
Notes
186
References
187
The structural transformation
189
The state as a potential agent of transformation from neoliberalism to embedded autonomy
191
Origins of the neoliberal paradigm
193
Government in the process of development
199
The neoliberalism of Deepak Lai
202
The new political economy
205
An assessment of the neoliberal theory of the state
206
Embedded autonomy
210
Depicting state forms
215
Conclusion
218
Questions for review
219
References
221
Endogenous growth theories and new strategies for development
223
The income convergence controversy
224
Income convergence and path dependence
227
Endogenous growth models
228
Key inputs to growth in endogenous growth models
234
Technical efficiency change
239
Questions for review
241
Notes
242
References
246
The initial structural transformation initiating the industrialization process
248
Structural change and economic growth and development
250
The Lewis dualeconomy model of structural transformation
252
Initiating the structural transformation toward industrialization
253
Why is governmentsponsored ISI needed?
257
government intervention to protect domestic industry
260
Static and dynamic welfare effects of an infant industry tariff
264
when is enough enough?
267
The importance of embedded state autonomy to successful ISI
268
Potential gains from the easy ISI stage of industrialization
269
Parastate firms and social capital
270
Measuring the success of easy ISI
272
Conclusions
273
Internet exercise
275
References
279
Strategy switching and industrial transformation
280
What can other lessdeveloped nations learn?
300
Where we are headed
301
Questions for review
302
Notes
303
References
307
Agriculture and development
309
Inadequate infrastructural investment
313
Agrarian dualism
315
Primary product monoexporters
317
Peasant agriculture and smallscale cultivators
321
Are peasants efficient producers?
324
Highyield varieties and rural productivity
328
The developmental problems of cash crop farmers
331
Large landholdings and agrarian backwardness
335
The structuralist view
337
Transnational agribusiness
338
Government in agricultural development
340
Land reform
342
Land reform in Mexico
343
South Koreas Saemaul Undong
344
Questions for review
347
Notes
348
References
349
Population education and human capital
351
The population problem
352
The demographic transition
355
Determinants of the crude birth rate
357
The importance of the different roles of children in less developed and developed economies
359
augmenting initial endowments
362
Human capital accumulation and market failure
365
Population growth and human capital accumulation
369
Final observations
370
Questions for review
371
Internet exercises
373
Notes
374
References
376
Technology and development
377
What is technology?
378
A technological strategy of development
380
Total factor productivity and national technology
384
Technologycentered development versus capitalcentered development
386
Industrial innovation
390
Industrial policies to promote national technology
392
Macropolicies and technological change
393
Policy implications
394
Questions for review
396
Notes
397
References
398
Problems and issues
401
Transnational corporations and economic development
403
Import substitution industrialization and the TNCs
404
The globally integrated production system
407
Direct foreign investment
410
Who in the lessdeveloped countries gains from DFI?
411
Potential costs of TNCs to a host country
415
Weak linkages thin globalization
417
Export promotion and the fallacy of composition
420
the potential for environmental degradation
421
Export processing zones and the problems of small nations
422
Bargaining with the TNCs
428
The integrated production system
433
Conclusion
436
Questions for review
437
References
438
Macroeconomic equilibrium the external balance
440
Exchange rates
441
Types of exchange rate regimes
442
The balance of payments
452
The capital account and financial account balances
455
The twin deficits and the balance of payments
458
What is a balance of payments problem?
459
Currency overvaluation and the balance of payments
461
Good external imbalances
464
Monitoring the balance of payments
466
Questions for review
467
Notes
468
References
470
The debt problem and development
471
Origins of the external debt dilemma
472
Petrodollar recycling
473
Dimensions of the debt crisis
475
External borrowing adjustment policies and savings
480
The debt burden
482
The debt crisis
484
Efforts to overcome the debt crisis
485
Debt overhang and future economic growth
487
Questions for review
489
Notes
491
References
494
International institutional linkages the IMF the World Bank and foreign aid
496
The IMF
497
Objectives of the IMF
503
Do IMF programs work?
509
The World Bank
512
Critiques of World Bank and IMF SALs
520
Sustainable development comprehensive development framework and a knowledge bank?
521
Foreign aid
522
Conclusion
527
Questions for review
528
References
530
Index
533
Copyright

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About the author (2004)

James M. Cypheris Professor of Economics at California State University in Fresno, USA. James L. Dietzis Professor of Economics at California State University in Fullerton., USA.

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