(2) provide that employment under such work-study program shall be furnished only to a student who (A) has been accepted for enrollment as a full-time student in a vocational education program which meets the standards prescribed by the State board and the local educational agency for vocational education programs assisted under the preceding sections of this part, or in the case of a student already enrolled in such a program, is in good standing and in full-time attendance, (B) is in need of the earnings from such employment to commence or continue his vocational education program, and (C) is at least fifteen years of age and less than twenty-one years of age at the commencement of his employment, and is capable, in the opinion of the appropriate school authorities, of maintaining good standing in his vocational education program while employed under the work-study program;

(3) provide that no student shall be employed under such work-study program for more than fifteen hours in any week in which classes in which he is enrolled are in session, or for compensation which exceeds $45 in any month or $350 in any academic year or its equivalent, unless the student is attending a school which is not within reasonable commuting distance from his home, in which case his compensation may not exceed $60 in any month or $500 in any academic year or its equivalent;

(4) provide that employment under such work-study program shall be for the local educational agency or for some other public agency or institution; (5) provide that, in each fiscal year during which such program remains in effect, such agency shall expend (from sources other than payments from Federal funds under this section) for the employment of its students (whether or not in employment eligible for assistance under this section) an amount that is not less than its average annual expenditure for workstudy programs of a similar character during the three fiscal years preceding the fiscal year in which its work-study program under this section is approved.

(d) Subsections (b), (c), and (d) of section 5 (pertaining to the approval of State plans, the withholding of Federal payments in case on nonconformity after approval, and judicial review of the Commissioner's final actions in disapproving a State plan or withholding payments) shall be applicable to the Commissioner's actions with respect to supplementary plans under this section. (e) From a State's allotment under this section for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, the Commissioner shall pay to such State an amount equal to the amount expended for compensation of students employed pursuant to work-study programs under the State's supplementary plan approved under this section, plus an amount, not to exceed 1 per centum of such allotment, or $10,000, whichever is the greater, expended for the development of the State's supplementary plan and for the administration of such plan after its approval by the Commissioner. From a State's allotment under this section for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, and for the next succeeding fiscal year, such payment shall equal 75 per centum of the amount so expended. No State shall receive payments under this section for any fiscal year in excess of its allotment under subsection (a) for such fiscal year.

(f) Such payments (adjusted on account of overpayments or under payments previously made) shall be made by the Commissioner in advance on the basis of such estimates, in such installments, and at such times, as may be reasonably required for expenditures by the States of the funds allotted under subsection (a).

(g) Students employed in work-study programs under this section shall not by reason of such employment be deemed employees of the United States, or their service Federal service, for any purpose.

RESIDENTIAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS

SEC. 14. For the purpose of demonstrating the feasibility and desirability of residential vocational education schools for certain youths of high school age, the Commission is authorized to make grants, out of sums appropriated pursuant to section 15 to State boards, to colleges and universities, and with the approval of the appropriate State board, to public educational agencies, organizations, or institutions for the construction, equipment, and operation of residential schools to provide vocational education (including room, board, and other necessities) for

youth, at least fifteen years of age and less than twenty-one years of age at the time of enrollment, who need full-time study on a residential basis in order to benefit fully from such education. In making such grants, the Commissioner shall give special consideration to the needs of large urban areas having substantial numbers of youths who have dropped out of school or are unemployed and shall seek to attain, as nearly as practicable in the light of the purposes of this section, an equitable geographical distribution of such schools.

AUTHORIZATION FOR SECTIONS 13 AND 14

SEC. 15. There is authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of sections 13 and 14, $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and $35,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, and the succeeding fiscal year. The Commissioner shall determine the portion of such sums for each such year which is to be used for the purposes of each such section.

FEDERAL CONTROL

SEC. 16. Nothing contained in this part shall be construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution or school system.

SHORT TITLE

SEC. 17. This part may be cited as the "Vocational Education Act of 1963." F. NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION ACT AMENDMENTS AND EXTENSION

(1963)

(Public Law 88-210, pt. B, approved Dec. 18, 1963)

In his annual message to Congress on education on January 29, 1963, and in the accompanying draft of a bill, President Kennedy proposed extension and expansion of the National Defense Education Act, along with other measures for the advancement of education.

President Kennedy's recommendations for National Defense Education Act amendment and extension were incorporated in S. 580, H.R. 3000, and identical bills. Detailed information has already been given in this report concerning these bills, parts of which were, in substance, enacted in 1963.

Already pending at the time of the President's message were several Senate bills which were later specifically included in hearings. These were:

(1) S. 275, a bill to make certain benefits under the National Defense Education Act available to teachers in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools; introduced by Senator Daniel K. Inouye, of Hawaii, on January 16, 1963.

(2) S. 373, a bill to permit laboratory schools operated by public institutions of higher education to participate in certain programs under the National Defense Education Act; introduced by Senator Daniel K. Inouye (for himself and Senator Hiram L. Fong), of Hawaii, on January 21, 1963.

(3) S. 392, a bill to authorize certain benefits under the provisions of titles II, V, and VI of the National Defense Education Act for teachers in private nonprofit schools; introduced by Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, of Minnesota, on January 21, 1963.

(4) S. 423, a bill to provide for guidance, counseling, and testing programs in elementary schools, and to train individuals to engage in such programs; introduced by Senator Karl E. Mundt, of South Dakota, on January 22, 1963.

On the same day of President Kennedy's message, January 29, 1963, Senator Winston L. Prouty, of Vermont, introduced S. 569, a bill to amend the National Defense Education Act in order to extend the provisions of title II relating to cancellation of loans under such title to teachers in private nonprofit elementary and secondary schools and in institutions of higher education.

Also on January 29, 1963, Senators Kenneth B. Keating and Winston L. Prouty introduced S. 271, a bill to permit the cancellation of loans under the National Defense Education Act for teachers in private nonprofit schools on the same basis as teachers in public schools. All of these bills were referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare.

Bills identical to S. 569 were also introduced in the House: H.R. 1170 by Hon. Roman C. Pucinski, of Illinois, on January 9, and H.R. 1677 by Hon. James G. O'Hara, of Michigan, on January 10. These bills were referred to the Committee on Education and Labor, but no action was taken on these bills.

On April 3, 1963, Senator Jacob K. Javits, of New York, introduced S. 1264, a bill referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare and later specifically included in hearings, proposing to amend title VI of the National Defense Education Act so as to establish a program of Federal aid for international affairs studies, and to authorize international affairs institutes for teachers.

H.R. 6061, a bill to extend allotments to States under the National Defense Education Act for 2 years beyond its expiration date of June 30, 1964, and to improve the provisions of the act, was introduced by Representative Edith Green, of Oregon, on May 6, 1963. The bill was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor.

1. House Action

On May 7, 1963, the Special Subcommittee on Education of the House Education and Labor Committee began hearings on this bill, which incorporated 9 of the 24 points of the Kennedy administration's proposed comprehensive National Defense Education Act. The hearings were continued on May 8, 10, and 13, and June 12 and 17. Following is a summary list of changes which H.R. 6061 proposed in certain items of the National Defense Education Act:

Student loans.--Increase of the total amount available from $90 million to $135 million a year. Elimination of the $250,000 annual ceiling per institution. In the selection of loan recipients, provision for special consideration to students having a superior academic background and expressing a desire to teach in elementary or secondary schools or in institutions of higher education. Denial of National Defense Education Act loans to any student enrolled in a school of medicine, osteopathy, or dentistry having established a loan fund under provisions of section 740 of the Public Health Service Act. Provision for graduate or professional students to obtain loans up to $2.000 per student per year, and up to $10,000 in the aggregate. Retention of the individual loan limit for undergraduate students at $1,000 annually with a maximum aggregate of $5,000. For individuals receiving loans after enactment of these amendments, elimina

tion of the 50 percent forgiveness provision available to borrowers becoming teachers in public elementary or secondary schools. Science, mathematics, and modern foreign languages.-Extension of the program of financial assistance for instruction in these subjects.

Fellowships. Increase of the number of graduate fellowships from 1,500 to 10,000 for each of the fiscal years 1964, 1965, and 1966, with at least 1,500 to be for study in new or expanded programs for training of college-level teachers. Permission for the Commissioner of Education to refill fellowships vacated by resignation or death. Authorization of 2,000 graduate fellowships for each of the 3 years for summer study. Prohibition of the award of fellowships for study at a school or department of divinity or to an individual for study in religious or theological subjects.

Institutes for teachers.-Authorization of $37.5 million for fiscal 1964 and such sums as the Congress would determine for 1965 and 1966, in aid to colleges and universities for the operation of institutes for advanced study for teachers. In addition to counseling and guidance training and language institutes, inclusion of institutes for teachers of gifted children or other children, librarians, and other specialized education personnel. Inclusion of college and community librarians, college language teachers, and college counseling and guidance personnel among those eligible to attend the institutes and receive stipends.

Guidance, counseling, and testing.-Increase of the authorization for grants to State agencies for these purposes.

Modern foreign language training and research.-Provision to increase from $8 million to $13 million the funds authorized for fiscal 1964 for university area center and language research programs and for stipends for research and studies in critical languages and areas.

No action other than the hearings was taken on H.R. 6061. The subsequent history of legislation enacted in 1963, amending and extending the National Defense Education Act, is involved in action on H.R. 4955. (See below.)

2. Senate Action

Seventeen days of hearings on S. 580 and other Senate bills, including those mentioned above, were held by the Senate Subcommittee on Education between April 29, and June 27, 1963.

In executive session on September 25, 1963, the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare added to S. 569, as introduced, a new section 2 incorporating the text of S. 571. The bill, as amended, proposed to

In section 1, extend the benefits of the loan forgiveness provisions of title II of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, available only to those borrowers who subsequently teach in a public elementary or secondary school, to (1) those who teach in nonprofit private elementary and secondary schools, and (2) to those who teach in institutions of higher education; and

In section 2, extend the stipend benefits under titles V and VI of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, available only to public elementary and secondary school teachers, to those who teach in private nonprofit elementary and secondary schools.

38-331-646

On October 22, 1963, the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare reported S. 569, as amended (Rept. 590). By a voice vote on October 24, 1963, the Senate passed this bill.35a

In the meantime other Senate action on National Defense Education Act extension had taken place.

On September 11, 1963, the Senate Subcommittee on Education approved the expansion of the House-passed vocational education bill, H.R. 4955, into a "junior omnibus education bill," including a 3-year extension of the National Defense Education Act. The Senate subcommittee approved raising the student loan ceiling from $90 million to $125 million for fiscal 1964, $135 million for fiscal 1965, $145 million for fiscal 1966, and $140 million for fiscal 1967. The subcommittee increased from $250 to $800 million the amount which could be made available to any one educational institution.

H.R. 4955 containing these provisions was reported in the Senate on October 1, 1963 (S. Řept. 553). By a vote of 80 to 4, this bill passed the Senate on October 8, 1963.36

H.R. 4955 as passed by the House contained no provision for extension of the National Defense Education Act. Besides extending the National Defense Education Act with the authorization increases already mentioned, the Senate-passed version of H.R. 4955 proposed to

Raise the institutional ceiling in the student loan program (title II) from $250,000 to $800,000.

Extend the teacher forgiveness provision of the student loan program to teachers serving in American Government schools abroad.

Include American Samoa for participation in the program.

Extend the moratorium on loan interest and repayments to students studying in universities abroad.

Provide for the reallotment of funds among the States and the cancellation of the "carryover" provision in title III (scienc mathematics, and foreign language equipment).

Include test grading equipment and audiovisual material in the equipment eligible for support under title III.

Permit the awarding of vacated fellowships under the graduate fellowship program (title IV).

Place the cost-of-education allowance to institutions in the graduate fellowship program (title IV) on a flat-grant basis of $2,500 per year.

Extend guidance services to the schools (title V-A) to include the seventh and eighth grades and increase the authorization by $2.5 million to a total of $17.5 million.

Extend the guidance institutes program (title VI) to include seventh and eighth grade guidance counselors.

Broaden the language development title (title VI) to include teachers engaged in teaching English as a second language.

350 Congressional Record (daily edition), Oct. 24, 1963, pp. 19204-19205.

38 Ibid., Oct. 8, 1963, p. 18037.