10. New Naval Academy. Wainwright, R., in World's Work, 4 (1902), 2269–2285; Worthington, W. F., in Engineering Magazine, 32 (1907), 844-859.

II. Defense of the Pacific coast. Dutton, A. H., in Overland Monthly,

50 (1907), 199–207.

12. Waterway defenses of the Atlantic coast. Roe, W. J., in Popular Science Monthly, 69 (1906), 530–538.

Questions

1. Compare the rights of neutrals in relation to belligerents with the obligations of neutrals toward belligerents.

2. Give reasons why the United States has developed into a world power. What has the United States done for the protection of neutrals? for the development of world peace?

3. State the principles of the original Monroe Doctrine; of the Monroe Doctrine at present.

4. Name at least four representatives of the United States at foreign courts. Name two foreign ambassadors at Washington. Give some account of at least two of these men. Are there any consuls of foreign powers in the city in which we live?

5. Why is naval preparedness important to America? What is the purpose of the West Point Military Academy? What is the value of a militia to-day?

6. Look up the number of vessels of each class in the navy. Compare the navy with that of Germany; with that of Japan. What is the difference between a battleship and a battle cruiser? between a battle cruiser and a protected cruiser? between a cruiser and a torpedo boat? between a destroyer and a submarine?

7. Why is military preparedness a matter of engineering, of training, of munitions and of finance rather than of soldiers? Why is real preparedness a matter of thoroughness and excellence in all of the arts of peace? What reforms in present conditions are necessary to develop real preparedness?

APPENDIX

A. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

WE THE PEOPLE of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.

ARTICLE. I.

Two

Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested CONGRESS. in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate houses. and House of Representatives.

Represen

tatives. Term and

Section 2. [1] The House of Representatives shall be composed House of of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State election. Legislature.

Qualifica

tions

age, citizenship, residence.

apportioning representatives. (Part in

[2] No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. [3] [Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned Method of among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.] The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and Amendwithin every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall Census

brackets

super

seded by

Sec. 2 of

ment

XIV.)

Temporary apportionment.

Vacancies.

Officers.

Senate.
Election

and term.

Division of Senators into three classes.

not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

[4] When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

[5] The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

Section 3. [1] The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

[2] Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one-third may be chosen Vacancies. every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.

Qualifications

age, citizenship, residence. Vice-presi

dent.

Officers.

Trial of impeach

ments.

[3] No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

[4] The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

[5] The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

[6] The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried,

ment.

the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. [7] Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further Judgment in cases of than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy impeachany Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law. Section 4. [1] The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elec- Both tions for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

Houses.

Times,

places, and method of electing

members.

Time of

[2] The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they meeting. shall by Law appoint a different Day.

lations.

Section 5. [1] Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, MemberReturns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of ship regueach shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Num- Quorum. ber may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

[2] Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, Rules of punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Con- each currence of two thirds, expel a Member.

house.

[3] Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and Journals. from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

[4] Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without Special the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to adjournany other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

ments.

Compensation and privileges of mem

Section 6. [1] The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Members. Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony, and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respec- bers. tive Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for