The New Civics: A Textbook for Secondary Schools

Front Cover
Macmillan, 1921 - 420 pages

From inside the book

Contents

Why Rights are protected by Negative Means II
11
Some Rights that we have in dealing with Other Individuals
12
Rights against the Governments
13
Summary of Rights
14
SOME CIVIC OBLIGATIONS 16 The Connection between Interests and both Rights and Obligations
15
Some Other Public Obligations
16
Duties to Other Individuals
17
Social Criminals
18
SECTION CHAPTER II
21
What Kind of Education does a Citizen need?
22
Selfeducation as the Only True Education
23
Why Public Education must be not only Free but Universal
24
PREPARATION FOR LIFE AND CITIZENSHIP 25 Training in Citizenship in the School
25
Degrees of Selfgovernment in Different Schools
26
The Honor System
27
The Citizen in Business
28
FOUNDATIONS AND EFFECTS OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP 29 Character as the Basis of Citizenship
30
Knowledge and Ability
31
Civic Duty
32
Patriotism and Peace PAGE
33
2232
34
THE AMERICAN NATION GEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS 33 Different Conditions in the Geographical Areas of the United States
37
Commercial Areas 35 Industrial Areas
38
Agricultural Areas
39
Minerals and Water Power 38 Geography and the Future of the American People
41
THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES 39 Population Past and Present
42
Distribution of Population Geographically
43
Distribution of Population Industrially 42 Distribution of Population by Races
44
Original Racial Elements
45
Early Nineteenth Century Immigration
46
Recent Immigration
48
RACIAL PROBLEMS
49
CHAPTER IV
56
Social Control
62
The Departments of Government
68
CHAPTER V
79
Marriage in the Past
80
Society and Marriage Laws 79 The Individual American and Marriage
81
PERMANENCE OF THE FAMILY 80 Divorce in the Past
82
Changing Conditions which lead to Divorce
83
Divorce in the United States
84
Remedies for the Divorce Evil
85
THE HOUSEHOLD AS AN ECONOMIC UNIT 84 Economic Position of the Family
86
Size of American Families
87
Family Income 87 Expenditure of Family Income
88
Standards of Living
89
Financial Problems of Industrial Victims
90
Women and the Future Home
91
42
94
PART II
95
CHAPTER VI
97
NOMINATIONS FOR ELECTIVE OFFICE 92 History of Nominations
98
93 Primary Elections
99
Importance of the Direct Primary 95 A National Nominating Convention
101
The People and the Parties in Nominations
105
Holding an Election
106
The Short Ballot
107
Who May Vote
108
Woman Suffrage
109
Problems of Elections
110
Efforts made to guard the Purity of Elections III
111
Responsibility and Removal of Elected Officials
112
i
113
CHAPTER VII
115
The Permanent Party Committees
116
The Parties and Public Office
117
Bosses and Rings
118
The Voter and Political Parties
119
THE APPOINTMENT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS III Appointments and Removals
120
The Spoils System
121
Development of Civil Service Reform
122
The Problem of Civil Service Public Control and Good Government
123
THE INITIATIVE REFERENDUM AND RECALL 116 Direct Legislation the Initiative
125
The Referendum
126
Use of Direct Legislation
127
Advantages of Direct Legislation
128
The Recall
129
43
131
CHAPTER VIII
133
OUR AMERICAN BILLS OF RIGHTS 123 Constitutional Protection through Bills of Rights
134
Our Federal System of Government
135
Freedom of Thought
136
Constitutional Rights of a Person Accused of Crime
137
SAFEGUARDING OF MODERN SOCIAL RIGHTS 127 Freedom of Action
138
Rights of Workers and of Women
139
Safeguarding of Savings and Homesteads
140
Protection of Health and Life
141
The New Social Constitution
142
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
143
Use of the Jury System
144
Advantages of Jury Trial 135 Disadvantages of Jury Trial
145
Failures in the Administration of American Justice
146
The Necessity for an Upright Judiciary in a Republic
147
PUNISHMENT OF OFFENDERS 138 Enforcement of
148
Punishment of Adult Criminals
149
Prison Reform
150
Reform Schools
151
Juvenile Courts
152
CHAPTER IX
157
Private Property as a Social Institution
159
Protection and Taxation of Private Property
160
Taking Private Property for Public
161
Characteristics of a Good
162
NATIONAL TAXES 148 Financial Powers of Congress under the Constitution 149 Duties on Imported Goods 150 Internal Revenue
163
SECTION PAGE 151 Income Taxes
165
Characteristics of American Government A Summary
166
The Management of National Finances
167
STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION 154 The General Property Tax
168
Corporation Taxes
169
Inheritance Taxes
170
CHAPTER X
174
The Municipal Charter
175
Three Types of City Government at Present
176
The Mayor
177
Commission Government
178
Merits of Commission Government
179
GENERAL PROBLEMS OF CITY GOVERNMENT 166 The Problem of Functions
180
Administrative Departments
181
Municipal Elections
182
Municipal Finances
183
WELFARE PROBLEMS 170 The Housing Problem
184
PAGE
185
Fire Protection
186
City Parks
188
Municipal Playgrounds
189
Failures of American Cities
190
Municipal Reform
191
Conditions Affecting the Problem
192
The Question of Franchises
193
The Water Supply
194
Gas and Electricity 182 Transportation Facilities
195
Telephone Service 184 Municipal Ownership vs Private Ownership
197
44
199
79
200
CHAPTER XI
203
Counties and County Boards
204
Other County Officials
205
The American Township
206
Work of Rural Local Government
207
THE STATE LEGISLATURE 190 Importance of the Legislature
208
Organization of the State Legislature 192 The Process of Lawmaking
209
Limitations on the Legislature 194 Observations on the State Legislature
210
STATE ADMINISTRATION AND COURTS 195 The State Governor
211
Contents of Our State Constitutions
221
CHAPTER XII
224
SECTION PAGE 207 The Constitutional Convention
226
Work of the Convention
227
Adoption of the Constitution
228
THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS 210 Need of Amendment
229
The War Amendments
230
Recent Amendments
231
THE WRITTEN AND UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS 214 What the Unwritten Constitution is Like
232
Powers of Congress
233
The Presidency
234
The National Courts
235
THE NATION AND THE STATES 218 Classes of Governmental Powers
236
Relation of the State and National Constitutions
237
CHAPTER XIII
241
Sessions and Organization of Congress
242
Special Characteristics of the Senate
243
Special Characteristics of the House of Representatives
244
The Committee System
245
A Bill in the First House
246
Later Stages of Lawmaking
247
THE PRESIDENT 229 The Presidents Position
248
Election of the President
250
Presidential Term and Succession
251
General Powers of the President
252
The Power of Appointment
254
THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 234 The Presidents Cabinet
255
The Heads of the Executive Departments
256
The Original Departments
257
Departments Added during the Early Years of the Republic
258
Recently Organized Departments
259
THE NATIONAL JUDICIARY 239 The Work of the Judicial Department
260
Judges and Jurisdiction
261
The Separate Courts
262
PART III
267
CHAPTER XIV
269
The State System of Education 244 State Colleges and Universities
270
Grammar and High Schools
271
School Finances
273
Wider Uses of the School Plant
274
Public Libraries
275
Causes of Poverty PUBLIC CHARITIES
277
The Problem of Charity
278
Care of Dependent Children
279
Care of the Insane
280
Indoor and Outdoor Relief
281
Other Forms of Charity
282
HEALTH AND GENERAL WELFARE 255 Conservation of Human Life
283
General Health Regulations 257 Disposal of Waste
284
Pure Milk and Meats
285
Pure Food Laws 260 Control of the Liquor Business
286
134
289
45
290
LABOR AND INDUSTRY SECTION PAGE 261 The Laborer His Labor and His Wage
291
WOMAN AND CHILD LABOR 262 Extent and Effects of Child Labor
293
Public Regulation of Child Labor
294
Women as Wage Earners
295
Conditions and Hours of Womans Labor
296
Minimum Wage Regulations
297
EMPLOYER EMPLOYEE AND THE PUBLIC 267 Industrial Accidents
298
269
299
270
300
Some Aspects of Industrial Warfare
302
272
303
273
305
47
306
275
307
Advantages and Evils of Combination
308
277
309
278
310
279
311
280
312
281
313
283
315
CHAPTER XVI
318
284
319
286
321
Railway Problems and the Public
322
CONTROL OF RAILWAYS 288 State Control of Railways
324
The First Interstate Commerce Commission
325
The Present Interstate Commerce Commission
326
Relation of Interstate Commerce to State and Foreign Trade
327
FOREIGN COMMERCE 292 The Government and Foreign Commerce
328
The Promotion of Our Foreign Commerce
329
Protection of American Shipping
330
The Consular Service
331
Our American Tariffs
332
135
334
CHAPTER XVII
336
History of the American Coinage
338
Our National Banking System
339
The Federal Reserve System
340
Wages and Prices
342
60
343
MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES 303 The Post Office
344
Newer Postal Work
345
Government and Agricultural Development
346
Development and Improvement of Our Food Supply
348
Protection against Storms and Floods
349
Indian Affairs
350
61
352
140
352
CHAPTER XVIII
353
Congressional Control of Colonies
354
SECTION PAGE 312 Government of Organized Territories
355
The Admission of New States
356
OUR POLICY REGARDING AGRICULTURAL LANDS 314 Public Land Policy in the Past
357
Agricultural and Grazing Lands
358
The Irrigation Law of 1902 259
359
Significance of Agricultural Land Policy
360
Our Forest Policy
361
Water Conservation and Water Power
362
Inland Waterways
363
Coal and Other Minerals
364
CHAPTER XIX
367
The Monroe Doctrine
368
The Making of Treaties
370
NATIONAL DEFENSE 327 The Need of Preparedness
371
The Army
372
The Militia
373
Coast Defense
376
The Problem of Military Preparedness
377
Real Preparedness
378
PAGE 194
380
APPENDIX
383
A The Constitution of the United States
390
62
401
Summaries on Citizenship and Government
402
Civic Problems
404
64
409
85
410
205
411
86
412
88 97 89 90
413
148
414
Coöperation and Markets
415
IOI IOI 105
416
151
417
160
418
164
419
225
420
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Page 396 - ... 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed.
Page 392 - Person. [2] The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. [3] No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. [4] No Capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.
Page 394 - The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. " Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation...
Page 404 - XVIII [SECTION 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. SECTION 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Page 393 - Term, be elected as follows: 2. Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress...
Page 404 - SECTION 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. SECTION 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
Page 392 - ... §7. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law, and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. §8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, prince or foreign...
Page 394 - The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes ; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
Page 389 - ... each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.
Page 389 - Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy ; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

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