for improved management techniques, more effective organizational arrangements, and new and improved methods of collection, separation, recovery, and recycling of solid wastes, and the environmentally safe disposal of nonrecoverable residues;

"(4) to provide for the promulgation of guidelines for solid waste collection, transport, separation, recovery, and disposal systems; and

"(5) to provide for training grants in occupations involving the design, operation, and maintenance of solid waste disposal systems." SEC. 102. Section 203 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is amended by inserting at the end thereof the following:

"(7) The term 'municipality' means a city, town, borough, county, parish, district, or other public body created by or pursuant to State law with responsibility for the planning or administration of solid waste disposal, or an Indian tribe.

"(8) The term 'intermunicipal agency' means an agency established by two or more municipalities with responsibility for planning or administration of solid waste disposal.

"(9) The term 'recovered resources' means materials or energy recovered from solid wastes.

"(10) The term 'resource recovery system' means a solid waste management system which provides for collection, separation, recycling, and recovery of solid wastes, including disposal of nonrecoverable waste residues."

SEC. 103. (a) Section 204(a) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 204. (a) The Secretary shall conduct, and encourage, cooperate with, and render financial and other assistance to appropriate public (whether Federal, State, interstate, or local) authorities, agencies, and institutions, private agencies and institutions, and individuals in the conduct of, and promote the coordination of, research, investigations, experiments, training, demonstrations, surveys, and studies relating to—

"(1) any adverse health and welfare effects of the release into the environment of material present in solid waste, and methods to eliminate such effects;

"(2) the operation and financing of solid waste disposal programs; "(3) the reduction of the amount of such waste and unsalvageable waste materials;

"(4) the development and application of new and improved methods of collecting and disposing of solid waste and processing and recovering materials and energy from solid wastes; and

"(5) the identification of solid waste components and potential materials and energy recoverable from such waste components."

(b) Section 204(d) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act is repealed.

SEC. 104. (a) The Solid Waste Disposal Act is amended by striking out section 206, by redesignating section 205 as 206, and by inserting after section 204 the following new section:

"SPECIAL STUDY AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS ON RECOVERY OF USEFUL ENERGY AND MATERIALS

"SEC. 205. (a) The Secretary shall carry out an investigation and study to determine

"(1) means of recovering materials and energy from solid waste, recommended uses of such materials and energy for

[p. 1228] national or international welfare, including identification of potential markets for such recovered resources, and the impact of distribution of such resources on existing markets;

"(2) changes in current product characteristics and production and packaging practices which would reduce the amount of solid waste;

"(3) methods of collection, separation, and containerization which will encourage efficient utilization of facilities and contribute to more effective programs of reduction, reuse, or disposal of wastes; "(4) the use of Federal procurement to develop market demand for recovered resources;

"(5) recommended incentives (including Federal grants, loans, and other assistance) and disincentives to accelerate the reclamation or recycling of materials from solid wastes, with special emphasis on motor vehicle hulks;

"(6) the effect of existing public policies, including subsidies and economic incentives and disincentives, percentage depletion allowances, capital gains treatment and other tax incentives and disincentives, upon the recycling and reuse of materials, and the likely effect of the modification or elimination of such incentives and disincentives upon the reuse, recycling, and conservation of such materials; and

"(7) the necessity and method of imposing disposal or other charges on packaging, containers, vehicles, and other manufactured goods, which charges would reflect the cost of final disposal, the value of recoverable components of the item, and any social costs associated with nonrecycling or uncontrolled disposal of such items. The Secretary shall from time to time, but not less frequently than annually, report the results of such investigation and study to the President and the Congress.

"(b) The Secretary is also authorized to carry out demonstration projects to test and demonstrate methods and techniques developed pursuant to subsection (a).

"(c) Section 204 (b) and (c) shall be applicable to investigations, studies, and projects carried out under this section."

(b) The Solid Waste Disposal Act is amended by redesignating sections 207 through 210 as sections 213 through 216, respectively, and by inserting after section 206 (as so redesignated by subsection (a) of this section) the following new sections:

"GRANTS FOR STATE, INTERSTATE, AND LOCAL PLANNING

"SEC. 207. (a) The Secretary may from time to time, upon such terms and conditions consistent with this section as he finds appropriate to carry out the purposes of this Act, make grants to State, interstate, municipal, and intermunicipal agencies, and organizations composed of public officials which are eligible for assistance under section 701(g) of the Housing Act of 1954, of not to exceed 663 per centum of the cost in the case of an application with respect to an area including only one municipality, and not to exceed 75 per centum of the cost in any other case, of—

"(1) making surveys of solid waste disposal practices and problems within the jurisdictional areas of such agencies and

"(2) developing and revising solid waste disposal plans as part of regional environmental protection systems for such areas, providing for recycling or recovery of materials from wastes whenever possible and including planning for the reuse of solid waste

[p. 1229] disposal areas and studies of the effect and relationship of solid waste disposal practices on areas adjacent to waste disposal sites, "(3) developing proposals for projects to be carried out pursuant to section 208 of this Act, or

"(4) planning programs for the removal and processing of abandoned motor vehicle hulks.

"(b) Grants pursuant to this section may be made upon application therefor which

"(1) designates or establishes a single agency (which may be an interdepartmental agency) as the sole agency for carrying out the purposes of this section for the area involved;

"(2) indicates the manner in which provision will be made to assure full consideration of all aspects of planning essential to areawide planning for proper and effective solid waste disposal

consistent with the protection of the public health and welfare, including such factors as population growth, urban and metropolitan development, land use planning, water pollution control, air pollution control, and the feasibility of regional disposal and resource recovery programs;

"(3) sets forth plans for expenditure of such grant, which plans provide reasonable assurance of carrying out the purposes of this section;

"(4) provides for submission of such reports of the activities of the agency in carrying out the purposes of this section, in such form and containing such information, as the Secretary may from time to time find necessary for carrying out the purposes of this section and for keeping such records and affording such access thereto as he may find necessary; and

"(5) provides for such fiscal-control and fund-accounting procedures as may be necessary to assure proper disbursement of and accounting for funds paid to the agency under this section.

"(c) The Secretary shall make a grant under this section only if he finds that there is satisfactory assurance that the planning of solid waste disposal will be coordinated, so far as practicable, with and not duplicate other related State, interstate, regional, and local planning activities, including those financed in part with funds pursuant to section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954.

"GRANTS FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND IMPROVED SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES

"SEC. 208. (a) The Secretary is authorized to make grants pursuant to this section to any State, municipal, or interstate or intermunicipal agency for the demonstration of resource recovery systems or for the construction of new or improved solid waste disposal facilities.

"(b) (1) Any grant under this section for the demonstration of a resource recovery system may be made only if it (A) is consistent with any plans which meet the requirements of section 207(b)(2) of this Act; (B) is consistent with the guidelines recommended pursuant to section 209 of this Act; (C) is designed to provide areawide resource recovery systems consistent with the purposes of this Act, as determined by the Secretary, pursuant to regulations promulgated under subsection (d) of this section; and (D) provides an equitable system for distributing the costs associated with construction, operation, and maintenance of any resource recovery system among the users of such system. "(2) The Federal share for any project to which paragraph (1) applies shall not be more than 75 percent.

“(c) (1) A grant under this section for the construction of a new or improved solid waste disposal facility may be made only if—

[p. 1230]

"(A) a State or interstate plan for solid waste disposal has been adopted which applies to the area involved, and the facility to be constructed (i) is consistent with such plan, (ii) is included in a comprehensive plan for the area involved which is satisfactory to the Secretary for the purposes of this Act, and (iii) is consistent with the guidelines recommended under section 209, and

"(B) the project advances the state of the art by applying new and improved techniques in reducing the environmental impact of solid waste disposal, in achieving recovery of energy or resources, or in recycling useful materials.

"(2) The Federal share for any project to which paragraph (1) applies shall be not more than 50 percent in the case of a project serving an area which includes only one municipality, and not more than 75 percent in any other case.

"(d) (1) The Secretary, within ninety days after the date of enactment of the Resource Recovery Act of 1970, shall promulgate regulations establishing a procedure for awarding grants under this section which

"(A) provides that projects will be carried out in communities of varying sizes, under such conditions as will assist in solving the community waste problems of urban-industrial centers, metropolitan regions, and rural areas, under representative geographic and environmental conditions; and

"(B) provides deadlines for submission of, and action on, grant requests.

"(2) In taking action on applications for grants under this section, consideration shall be given by the Secretary (A) to the public benefits to be derived by the construction and the propriety of Federal aid in making such grant; (B) to the extent applicable, to the economic and commercial viability of the project (including contractual arrangements with the private sector to market any resources recovered); (C) to the potential of such project for general application to community solid waste disposal problems; and (D) to the use by the applicant of comprehensive regional or metropolitan area planning.

"(e) A grant under this section—

"(1) may be made only in the amount of the Federal share of (A) the estimated total design and construction costs, plus (B) in the case of a grant to which subsection (b) (1) applies, the first-year operation and maintenance costs;