The Council of Economic Advisers was established in the Executive Office of the President by the Employment Act of 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1023). It now functions under that statute and Reorganization Plan No. 9 of 1953 (5 U.S.C. app.), effective August 1, 1953.

The Council consists of three members appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, and one of the members is designated by the President as Chairman.

The Council analyzes the national economy and its various segments; advises the President on economic developments; appraises the economic programs and policies of the Federal Government; recommends to the President policies for economic growth and stability; assists in the preparation of the economic reports of the President to the Congress; and prepares the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers.

The Office of the United States Trade Representative was created as the Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations by Executive Order 11075 of January 15, 1963. Congress, as part of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2171), established the office as an agency of the Executive Office of the President charged with administering the trade agreements program under the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1654), the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1801), and the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2101). Other powers and responsibilities for

coordinating trade policy were assigned to the Office by the Trade Act of 1974 and by the President in Executive Order 11846 of March 27, 1975, as amended.

Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 (5 U.S.C. app.), implemented by Executive Order 12188 of January 4, 1980, charged the Office with responsibility for setting and administering overall trade policy. It also provides that the United States Trade Representative shall be chief representative of the United States for:

-all activities concerning the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade;

-discussions, meetings, and negotiations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development when such activities deal primarily with trade and commodity issues;

-negotiations in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other multilateral institutions when such negotiations deal primarily with trade and commodity issues;

-other bilateral and multilateral negotiations when trade, including EastWest trade, or commodities is the primary issue;

-negotiations under sections 704 and 734 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671c and 1673c); and

-negotiations concerning direct investment incentives and disincentives and bilateral investment issues concerning barriers to investment. The Omnibus Trade and

Competitiveness Act of 1988 confirmed these prior authorities in statute and added additional authority, including the implementation of section 301 actions (regarding enforcement of U.S. rights under international trade agreements) and other provisions of that act.

The Office is headed by the United States Trade Representative, a Cabinetlevel official with the rank of

Ambassador, who is directly responsible to the President. There are three Deputy United States Trade Representatives, who also hold the rank of Ambassador, two located in Washington and one in Geneva. The Chief Textile Negotiator and the Special Negotiator for the Americas also hold the rank of Ambassador.

The United States Trade Representative serves as an ex officio member of the Boards of Directors of the Export-Import Bank and the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and serves on the National Advisory Council for International Monetary and Financial Policy.

Phone, 202-395-5750

Chairman

Members

General Counsel

A. ALAN HILL

JACQUELINE E. SCHAFER (VACANCY) DINAH BEAR

The Council on Environmental Quality was established within the Executive Office of the President by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4341 et seq.) to formulate and recommend national policies to promote the improvement of the quality of the environment. Additional responsibilities were provided by the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4371 et seq.).

The Council consists of three members appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, and one of the members is designated by the President as Chairman.

The Council develops and recommends to the President national policies that further environmental quality; performs a continuing analysis of changes or trends in the national environment; reviews and appraises programs of the Federal Government to determine their contributions to sound environmental policy; conducts studies, research, and analyses relating to ecological systems and environmental quality; assists the President in the preparation of the annual environmental quality report to the Congress; and oversees implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act.