mination of the necessary amount shall be based on population, the number of persons covered by the State law and the cost of proper and efficient administration of that law, and other relevant facts. Matching of the Federal grants is not required.

(Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor, Washington, D.C., 20210.)

UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION: TRANSFERS, ADVANCES, AND

REIMBURSEMENTS TO STATE ACCOUNTS

Payments of unemployment benefits are financed primarily from employers' contributions (payroll taxes) levied by the States. Apart from Federal grants to cover administrative expense (see preceding statement on Employment service and unemployment compensation administration) limited Federal aid to help finance benefit payments is given in certain circumstances.

Transfers to State unemployment accounts.-When the balance in the employment security account in the Federal Treasury exceeds specified amounts, the excess is transferred to the Federal unemployment account. If the net balance in the Federal unemployment account is $250 million, the remainder of the excess is credited to State accounts in the unemployment trust fund.

Transfers to the several State accounts are proportionate to the total wages subject to contributions under the State unemployment compensation laws in the preceding calendar year. To be eligible for a transfer, a State is required to have a State unemployment compensation law which includes provisions specified in the Federal law. Amounts transferred to State accounts ordinarily may be used only in payment of cash benefits to individuals with respect to their unemployment. Under a specific appropriation by the State legislature, however, and within limits specified in Federal law, a State may use part of the transferred amounts for administering its unemployment compensation law and public employment offices.

Matching of the transferred amounts is not required.

Advances to State unemployment accounts. Upon application by the Governor and appropriate findings by the Secretary of Labor, a State may obtain a monthly advance from the Federal unemployment account in the unemployment trust fund when this is required for payment of benefits under the State unemployment insurance program. The advance is repayable without interest from the account of the State in the unemployment trust fund or from amounts otherwise available for transfer to the State account from the employment security administration account or the Federal unemployment account. The aggregate of advances to States for any month may not exceed the unrestricted balance in the Federal unemployment account at that time.

Reimbursements for benefits paid to Federal employees and exservicemen.-Under agreements with the Secretary of Labor, State unemployment compensation agencies pay benefits to eligible former employees of the Federal Government and to ex-servicemen on the same terms and conditions as if the employment and wages were included in the State unemployment compensation law.

The State is entitled to be paid by the United States an amount equal to the entire additional cost of these payments that would not have

been incurred but for the agreement. The Federal payment may be in advance or by way of reimbursement, on the basis of monthly estimates.

Reimbursements for trade readjustment allowances.-Under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, trade readjustment allowances may be payable to eligible workers in U.S. industry who are adversely affected by tariff adjustments. If unemployment insurance is paid under a State law to a worker for a week in which he receives a trade readjustment allowance or would be eligible to receive one, the State agency making the payment may be reimbursed from appropriations under the Trade Expansion Act. The reimbursement may not exceed the amount of the allowance to which the worker would have been entitled if he had not received the State payment.

(Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor, Washington, D.C., 20210.)

DEPARTMENT OF STATE

REFUGEE ASSISTANCE

Under the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962, assistance may be given to State or local public agencies providing certain services for substantial numbers of aliens who, because of persecution on account of race, religion, or political opinion, have fled a Western Hemisphere nation or area and cannot return. The Federal aid is to help provide health and educational services and special training for employment and related services. The act authorizes Federal loans, advances, grants, and other transactions.

(Office of Refugee and Migration Affairs, Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, Department of State, Washington, D.C. Welfare Administration, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C., 20201.)

TREASURY DEPARTMENT

TAX ADMINISTRATION

Federal assistance in State and local tax administration comprises (1) exchanges of information, (2) special studies, and (3) training of personnel.

Exchanges of information.-Officials responsible for administering State or local tax laws may inspect, obtain copies of, or abstract information from tax returns filed with the Internal Revenue Service for Federal income, estate and gift, excise, and unemployment taxes. In some instances, a request from the State Governor is required. Information obtained from Federal returns may be used solely for purposes of State or local tax administration.

In the case of estate and gift tax returns, the Internal Revenue Service must be given a reciprocal right to examine returns filed with the State.

Special studies. Special statistical studies and compilations from Federal tax records may be made for State or local governments or others, at cost.

Training courses. Employees of State and local governments may be admitted to training courses conducted by the Internal Revenue Service. Texts and other training aids are supplied. Payment of fees may be required, but not to exceed the cost to the Federal Govern

ment.

(Office of the Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service, Treasury Department, Washington, D.C., 20224.)

ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

ATOMIC ENERGY USE AND CONTROL

In carrying out its licensing and regulatory responsibilities relating to uses of atomic energy and radiation hazards from nuclear materials, the Atomic Energy Commission may enter into agreements with any State or group of States to perform inspections or other functions on a cooperative basis. The Commission may also provide training for employees of States or their political subdivisions.

For a State to be eligible for an agreement involving discontinuance of the regulatory authority of the Commission in the State with reference to byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials, the Governor must certify that the State has a program for control of radiation hazards and the Commission must find the State program compatible with that of the Commission.

(Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C., 20545.)

ATOMIC ENERGY RESEARCH AND TRAINING

The Atomic Energy Commission is authorized to insure continued research, development, and training and to make arrangements (including contracts, agreements, and loans) for the conduct of research and development activities relating to nuclear processes; the theory and production of atomic energy; the uses of nuclear and radioactive materials for medical, biological, agricultural, health, or military purposes, and for all other purposes, including industrial or commercial purposes; and the protection of health and promotion of safety during research and production activities.

Under the authorization for training, the Commission provides fellowships for graduate study in nuclear science and engineering, radiological physics, industrial hygiene, and industrial medicine, and assists schools to provide educational programs in these fields. University courses in radiobiology are made available to high school and college science teachers. Special training is provided for university faculty members in nuclear aspects of physical and life sciences.

Also, the Commission makes grants and contributions toward the construction and operation of reactors and other facilities and equipment to colleges, universities, hospitals, and certain other institutions for educational and training activities. The Commission may make its own equipment and facilities available.

The statute imposes no requirement that Federal aid be matched from State or local resources.

Except to the extent that dissemination of information is prohibited by law, the arrangements for research must contain no provisions or conditions which prevent dissemination of resulting scientific and technical information.

(Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C., 20545.)

PAYMENTS IN LIEU OF PROPERTY TAXES

The Atomic Energy Commission is authorized to make payments to State and local governments in lieu of property taxes where the Commission has acquired property previously subject to State and local taxation. Except where Commission activities cast special burdens on the State or local government, the payment may not exceed taxes which would be payable on the property in the condition in which it was acquired.

(Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C., 20545.)

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

DISASTER RELIEF AND REPAIRS

Comprehensive law.-Upon application by the Governor of any State, the President may declare that a major disaster is or threatens to be of a severity and magnitude that warrants Federal assistance in alleviating damage, hardship, or suffering. A major disaster may be flood, drought, fire, hurricane, earthquake, storm, or other catastrophe. Authority is derived from Public Law 81-875, the Federal Disaster Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1855-1855g).

Following the President's declaration, Federal financial assistance may be given either directly to a State or by way of reimbursements to Federal agencies for their relief activities. Federal agencies may provide assistance by using or lending equipment, supplies, facilities, personnel, and other resources; distributing, through the American Red Cross or otherwise, medicine, food, and other consumable supplies; donating or lending surplus equipment and supplies; clearing debris and wreckage, repairing public facilities, and providing emergency shelter; and making contributions to State and local governments for similar purposes.

Although specific matching of Federal outlays is not required, a Governor who requests disaster assistance must give assurance of a reasonable expenditure for similar purposes from funds of the State or local governments or other agencies, and he must present specific supporting information.

Special programs

Emergency repair of highways (Department of Commerce). See Highways.

Flood emergencies (Department of Defense). See separate statement under this title.

Urban renewal assistance (Housing and Home Finance Agency). Where an urban area needs redevelopment or rehabilitation as a result of a catastrophe which the President has declared a major dis

aster, urban renewal assistance may be provided without regard to certain of the usual requirements for such aid. See the separate statement on Urban renewal (Housing and Home Finance Agency). (Office of Emergency Planning, Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C., 20504.)

STATE AND LOCAL PREPAREDNESS PLANNING

Under a general requirement that it serve as a staff office to advise the President concerning nonmilitary defense programs, the Office of Emergency Planning assists State and local governments to plan for emergency preparedness. It helps to finance their development of programs to manage natural, industrial, and other resources in time of emergency, and in defining their roles in meeting immediate survival needs and restoring and rehabilitating the Nation as a whole.

Federal assistance is augmented by State and local funds and personnel.

(Office of Emergency Planning, Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C., 20504.)

The Federal-aid airport program provides financial assistance to State and local governments or their agencies and other tax-supported organizations which sponsor airport development projects. Separate grants are available for (1) advance planning and engineering for the purpose of developing airport layout plans and plans designed to lead to project applications, and (2) airport development projects, including construction and land acquisition (but excluding hangar construction or repairs).

Each project must conform to a national airport plan revised annually by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency. Proposals for advance planning and engineering grants and applications for project grants may be approved only if the Administrator is satisfied in each instance that the proposal or project is reasonably consistent with existing plans of public agencies for development of the area in which the airport is located and that various other conditions are

met.

Of the Federal appropriations available for this program, threefourths is apportioned among the States, half in proportion to population and half in proportion to area. The remaining one-fourth of the appropriations constitutes a discretionary fund, in which are included additional amounts authorized for airports to serve general aviation and relieve congestion at other airports. "General aviation," though not specially defined in the Federal Airport Act, includes all segments of civil aviation other than air carrier operations.

The Federal grant may cover up to one-half of the estimated costs for advance planning and engineering and of airport project costs for designated items. In States with substantial proportions of public

1 Includes provisions of Public Law 88-280, approved Mar. 11, 1964.