the Congress and has nearly completed an extensive policies, procedures, operations, and plans manual which will provide for the incoming Chancellor and his appointees a thorough summary of the present organization and operation and present to him a functioning administrative plan. The staff has also, of course, prepared budgets and expenditure plans and has carried the responsibility for the commitment of funds for scholarships and grants, operations, programs, and services. The university itself, primarily through the office of the vice president for administration, has exercised responsibility for plans, contracts and expenditures for the physical facilities and for university programs to which the Center gives support, although in these cases the Center has served in a suggesting and recommending capacity.

The Center staff has screened several hundred applications and interviewed several score applicants for positions. Relevant material on individuals who qualify for permanent positions as yet unfilled have been prepared for the Chancellor's use when he assumes office. The staff has also put into effect a new job and salary classification plan for its administrative personnel and has prepared job descriptions and classifications for all of the budgeted positions. The Chancellor-designate has been briefed on all Center operations in detail, and has had the assistance and cooperation of the staff in outlining modifications in long-range plans since early October.

The Center operates an office of public information which has published official bulletins, booklets of information for prospective students, newspaper and magazine articles about the Center, and through other channels such as radio and television has reached a wide audience in Asia and the United States. This office also provides arrangements for speeches, answers queries, and acts as host for many visitors.

The Center has provided a subsidy toward the publication of one book thus far, Philosophy and Culture East and West, a compilation of papers presented at the last East-West Philosophers Conference.

CONSULTANTS AND ADVISERS

From its inception and with its national purpose clearly in mind, the Center has sought the advice of knowledgeable persons in Asia and the United States to assist in formulating its programs and organization, and similar consultation in reviewing its operations.

One of the first steps taken in the implementary stage of the East-West Center was to send a five-man team to Asia in October, November, and December of 1960. The team visited some 19 areas in Asia and the Pacific: the Republic of Korea, Japan, Ryukyus, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, East and West Pakistan, Nepal, India, Ceylon, Singapore, Malaya, Indonesia, Australia, and New Zealand.

This group distributed information about the Center, investigated procedures for screening and selecting scholarship students, established a wide variety of contacts for future use in selecting senior scholars and advisers, and solicited suggestions and ideas for Asian participation in the plans and programs of the Center.

Since that trip, others have gone on similar missions abroad and to the mainland on behalf of the Center.

These visits have greatly aided in the establishment of initial machinery for selecting students, and have produced numerous observations and recommendations which have been incorporated into programs.

A 3-day national consultive meeting was held on February 27, 28, and March 1, 1961. Invitations were extended to educational, foundation, business, governmental, and labor leaders on the mainland and Puerto Rico; to Hawaii's three Congressmen; and to local governmental, business, and community representatives. Of these, 27 mainlanders and 19 local invitees were able to attend. They were joined by 28 University of Hawaii faculty members, including the EastWest Center staff, for a total of 74 participants.

The consultive meeting was designed to focus attention on the opportunities and challenges in education for mutual understanding between peoples, with special emphasis on the interchange of information and ideas between the peoples of Asia and the United States through the Center. Its theme was "Education for Mutual Understanding, 96." A report on the proceedings has been published. Dr. Philip Coombs, Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, visited the Center for 3 days, March 24-26, 1961. He conferred with the regents of the university, administrative officers of the university and the Center,

legislators, and other civic leaders. One of the developments arising from his visit was the appointment of a consultant survey team of three members-Dr. Clark Kerr, president of the University of California, Dr. Herman Wells, president of Indiana University, and Dr. John W. Gardner, president of the Carnegie Corp. of New York-and an administrative staff officer, Dr. Glen Taggart, Michigan State University, who were invited by the regents to submit recommendations on the next phase of Center growth and administration. The team arrived in Hawaii in late May and submitted a report with a series of recommendations on June 14. Essentially, these were designed to create a greater autonomy for the Center and to clarify its relationships with the University of Hawaii and other institutions. In addition, specific modifications for several programs were proposed. Subsequently, the university administration presented a plan for the implementation of the report of the committee to the board of regents which adopted the recommendations made in the report. The Center administration acted immediately to effect the changes suggested.

In May, Dr. Sudhir Sen, of the United Nations Technical Assistance Board, surveyed technical training resources and operations in Hawaii for the Center. Dr. Sen talked to many people connected with training locally, and traveled to Maui and Hawaii to observe training facilities on these islands. He recommended that the Center concentrate its training programs in the areas of tropical agriculture, vocational training, and public health; stressed the need for longterm inservice training; and urged the arranging of third country training. His recommendations will bear first fruit with the initiation of two pilot training projects in February, one in vocational agriculture, and one in vocational education.

During the month of October, Dr. Robert L. Gitler of the American Library Association was engaged as the principal consultant to the Center to determine the needs for library training among people of Asian and Pacific countries and to evaluate the resources available in Hawaii to provide such training. He collaborated with Dr. Raynard C. Swank, director of the Stanford University Libraries, on the study. Both are recognized authorities in the field of library science training and have firsthand knowledge of the situation in Asia. Their report and recommendations will be of substantial assistance to the Center.

During the 10th Pacific Science Congress in August 1961, 32 individuals from various countries in Asia and the Pacific area were granted financial assistance by the Center, for which they served as a consultive body. These scholars submitted numerous suggestions for the development of programs and provided constructive reports on library and curricular resources.

In addition to such formal recommendations, the Center gained valuable assistance from a continuous stream of distinguished visitors from both Asia and the United States.

The Center has not altered its intention to seek counsel from an international advisory body, but in view of extensive consultation already provided, has deferred the formation of such a group until the permanent Chancellor can assume office.

Student programs

PROGRAMS AND SERVICES

One of the principal functions of the Center is to provide educational opportunities for carefully selected young men and women of great promise, and to create conditions under which they can learn together and gain knowledge and understanding of one another.

The office of student programs administers scholarship grants for students from the Pacific area and the countries of Asia and the United States to undertake studies in the regular academic programs of the university for which they are prepared, and in related programs in other institutions where necessary and during special study tours. In addition to the curriculums of the university available to Center scholarship students, special services and programs have been developed or augmented for their support. These include special language training, area studies, and student welfare services.

At the present time there are 230 students on scholarships, of whom 32 have come from 17 of the United States, 5 from Burma, 4 from Cambodia, 2 from Ceylon, 4 from Hong Kong, 22 from India, 19 from Indonesia, 36 from Japan, 10 from Korea, 8 from Laos, 1 from Malaya, 5 from Nepal, 1 from New Zealand, 2 from the Ryukyus, 4 from Pacific islands, 6 from Pakistan, 24 from the Philippines, 1 from Singapore, 27 from Taiwan, 14 from Thailand, 2 from the trust territories, and 1 from Vietnam.

Of these, 78 percent are graduate students, 71 percent are men, and 72 percent are unmarried. They are enrolled in a variety of fields of study, with the largest single groups in tropical agriculture, the teaching of English as a second language, government, education, and in various Asian studies programs. These are distributed as follows:

Academic year institute in science and Geology, 1

These students were selected through an extensive and complex screening system beginning in their own countries with the excellent cooperation and assistance of American Embassy and foundation people abroad. Binational commissions, special committees, and select individuals in institutions abroad have undertaken preliminary field screening and assisted in the preparation of records and applications.

Upon completion of field screening, health records are examined by the university health service and academic records by academic departments, which make evaluations and recommendations. One final screening is made by an all-university committee before the Center makes its selections. Some indication of the magnitude of this task may be indicated by noting that for 65 grants to be made in India, Japan, Pakistan, and the Philippines for 1962-63, 5,672 applications have been made to date.

In addition to responsibilities for screening and selection, the office of student programs provides academic counsel for students, and maintains liaison with academic deans and instructional officers in this and other institutions.

The Center through this office also administers study tour programs on the U.S. mainland for Asian and Pacific students and in Asia for American students. These are parts of the scholarship grants and are devised to supplement and complement academic programs in Hawaii. At the present time eight students from India, the Philippines, Japan, and Ceylon are on the mainland United States for such study, and one American student is in Asia. These include students in guidance and counseling, school administration, sociology, linguistics, economics, labor and industrial relations, philosophy, agronomy, and middle management. A larger number of students will undertake such studies next summer and fall, and a small staff is being developed to facilitate such travel programs.

The director of student programs has under preparation plans for a series of grants to two selected teachers from each of the 50 American States for study at the university's summer institute of Asian studies in 1962. Through study and supplemental academic programs of this kind, the Center is beginning to establish cooperative relationships with other universities and initial relationships which will make it possible for the Center to utilize resources beyond its base in Hawaii.

Supplemental internships

As part of the study programs of Center students, governmental agencies, business concerns, and other organizations in the community have generously invited grantees to participate in their operations as observers and inservice trainees. These field trips provide grantees with invaluable experiences which supplement their academic work at the university. Following are several examples of this kind of supplemental but important community assistance:

C. Brewer & Co.-This company sponsored a field trip for 20 Center students specializing in tropical agriculture on a 7-day study tour of its sugar production operations on the islands of Maui and Hawaii. The company financed all expenses, including air and ground transportation, lodgings and meals.

Bank of Hawaii.-Two Center students were provided with a program by the bank for a period of 4 weeks to participate in intensive inservice training covering all aspects of banking.

First National Bank.-A similar program is being carried out for a Center grantee.

Hawaii Visitors Bureau.-A student participated in observation and on-thejob training of advertising, research, fund-raising, and other activities of the visitors bureau.

Hawaii State newspapers.-This is an intensive 4-week observation and onthe-job training program covering all aspects of newspaper publishing business. The student participating also serves as guest reporter for several articles.

Hawaii Times.-This is a bilingual newspaper with English and Japanese sections. A Center student from Japan who is a reporter with the Yomiuri Shinbun in Tokyo participated in on-the-job training for 4 weeks.

The Honolulu Advertiser.-This is Honolulu's morning daily, and a student from the Philippines took part in a similar training program.

The Honolulu Star-Bulletin.-This is Honolulu's evening daily. A Center student (editor of the Center student publication) received similar training with this paper.

Castle & Cooke, Inc.-A student from Fiji majoring in labor and industrial relations took part in a training program related to his studies.

St. Francis Hospital.-A Fijian premedical student is currently observing hospital procedures and is participating in laboratory work at this hospital. He is provided all of his meals by the hospital while he is there.

Hawaii Government Employees Association.—This is Hawaii's largest organization of government employees. An American student spent 4 weeks observing and learning about the association's activities.

Department of Education, State of Hawaii.-Four Center students who will be teaching upon return to their home countries are now working with the State public school system to observe and learn about school administration, curriculum planning, and classroom techniques.

Dole Corp.-A short-term industrial relations training program is in operation with Center students taking part from time to time.

Regional and city planning.-Two Center grantees--an Indian and an American-participated in a 5-day seminar sponsored by the State of Hawaii.

Pacific Science Congress.-The 10th Congress was held at the University of Hawaii this summer, and 13 Center students participated at the invitation of the Congress. Another student was a student assistant engaged in the administration of the Congress.

These activities constitute only the beginnings of a community participation program for Center students, both at the social and professional levels. Hawaii has an innately friendly population, and its people have begun to take Center students into their homes, organizations, businesses, and governmental agencies. The potential in this area is great, and the people of Hawaii will benefit from these experiences just as much as will the Center and its scholarship grantees. Student association

For several months in the spring, Center students were engaged in drafting a constitution for an organization composed of all Center grantees. On June 15 a general meeting of grantees was held, and the constitution was adopted. A spirited discussion took place on the method of election of officers for the organization and the merits of the parliamentary system of government, as exemplified by the British Parliament and the American presidential system were heatedly debated. After several amendments, the constitution was adopted by the grantees present.

According to the constitution, the organization is known as the East-West Center Grantees Association. Its purposes are described as follows:

1. To promote increased understanding and cooperation among the grantees, the University of Hawaii, the local community and other such interested bodies.

2. To cooperate with the East-West Center and the University of Hawaii in working for the broad objectives envisaged in the East-West Center projects.

3. To serve the various needs of the East-West Center grantees by representing their ideas and interests to the several authorities in several areas including administrative and academic affairs.

All students of the Center were automatically granted membership. The organization of the EWCGA closely parallels that of the United Nations with a general assembly composed of all members and an executive council made up of one representative from each country participating in the Center program and duly elected by individual national caucus. Officers are elected by and from among the general membership.

On June 28 an election of interim officers of the EWCGA was held, and in the fall new officers were elected for this year. These students represent six different nations.

The movement to organize into a formal student organization is viewed by the Center's administration as a healthy sign of interest by the grantees in Center programs and activities, in the University of Hawaii, the local community and in their own welfare. It also provides a more easily accessible means of communication between the grantees and those with whom they must deal.

The students have been encouraged and assisted in establishing their own newspaper, the Pioneer, in which they have had and are assured of complete freedom of expression. This has been a lively mimeographed journal incorporating serious discussion of controversial issues as well as applause and complaint on a wide variety of subjects of interest to the students.

In addition to numerous staff individuals who assist in student adjustments and in resolving inherent conflicts and difficulties in programs involving such extensive mixtures of cultures and personalities, and beyond opportunities provided for the free expression of views through the student paper and student association, the director of student programs has established an advisory committee of grantees to assist him and his staff in meeting their responsibilities. English language institute

The English language institute was organized to assure competent training and assistance in the use of English to facilitate the studies and social contacts of all participating students so that language difficulties will not bar able students from learning in the areas of their interest or becoming isolated without easy means of communication.

The English language institute markedly augmented its testing and instructional program in February, upon arrival of the East-West Center grantees. However, as an agency of the university, the institute predated the establishing of the Center and continues to handle non-East-West students as well.

East-West grantees accounted for approximately 45 percent of the teaching load, and approximately the same proportion of the teaching salaries was met from East-West Center funds.

Sixty-five out of one hundred and ninety-nine non-American East-West Center students require special instruction in English. This means that 134 Center scholarship grantees from Asia and the Pacific were considered able to pursue full courses in regular instruction upon their arrival at the University of Hawaii. Of course, to the extent staff members have available time for additional instruction, these students may request assistance.

Student services

The University of Hawaii, through the office of the dean of student personnel. provides services for the Center which are designed to assist students in their personal needs. Whenever necessary, the Center has augmented the staffs of the several offices rendering these services to insure that they are adequately provided to Center students. Liaison for these services is maintained by the director of student programs of the Center.

The office of the foreign student adviser is charged with the orientation of foreign students upon arrival on the University of Hawaii campus, with directly

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