STATEMENT OF DR. LAURENCE H. SNYDER, PRESIDENT,
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII

Dr. SNYDER. Thank you, sir. Mr. Crawford tells me it is permissible to remain seated.

Chairman HAYS. That's right.

Dr. SNYDER. Mr. Chairman, Representative Bolton, Representative Seely-Brown, and Representative Saund, I want to welcome you here in the name of the university and tell you how proud and happy we are to have you with us and to know of your concern for the East-West Center. We want to offer to you our complete cooperation and will be happy to put at your disposal any facilities, any information, which we are able to provide for you. You can be assured of our complete and thorough cooperation. We in Hawaii are deeply conscious of the fact that our State and its university have been given a remarkable opportunity to be of service to the Nation and, indeed, to the world. We have long hoped that one of our chief missions at the university might be to become a cultural and intellectual intermediary between the peoples of Asia and the peoples of America. We have worked toward that end for many years. Progress was slow at first but sure, but has accelerated tremendously within the last 3 years. This is due largely to two facts: One, the coming of statehood, which brought us into national prominence; and second, the increasing realization of the need for mutual understanding between the peoples of Asia and the peoples of America. The university has been impelled to pursue this mission for two major reasons: First, of course, is our geographic location out in the Pacific, midway between the two continents, the natural gateway between the East and West. We have here, of course, a tropical climate. We have volcanoes and ocean depths within a few hundred yards of each other. We have remarkably clear skies. These things give us the opportunity to carry on work in many fields, which can be done here uniquely and better than they could be done anywhere else. Such fields, for example, as tropical agriculture, as geophysics, which is involved with these clear skies in many ways; marine biology, tropical and subtropical public health affairs, sociology.

There are many of these areas in which we have a unique opportunity to be of service. The second reason that causes us to pursue this mission is the unique ethnic composition of our people. We have knowledgeable people of many cultural backgrounds, each of which has important contributions to make. Along these lines, the university has, over the years, conducted a series of philosophers' conferences and conferences on race relations. We have had the opportunity and privilege of having orientation programs for all of the Fulbright scholars from Asia who were on their way to the mainland of the United States. We have been able, with the aid of the State legislature, to institute important programs in Asian studies and in overseas operations. We have conducted for the State Department a series of seminars dealing with many individual and specific topics to which we have brought people from all over the world. We conducted here last summer the 10th Pacific Science Congress at which there were nearly 3,000 participants from all over the Pacific basin, and we have had a long series of events in which the university has taken the lead in bringing together the peoples of Asia and the peoples of America. All these hopes and plans were given great impetus, of course, some 2 years ago when we

were given the opportunity of having, here in Hawaii, the Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange. Many long hours of planning on the part of the university staff and on the part of many people in Hawaii and people in Washington led to the assigning to us of the contract by the State Department, the acceptance by Congress of our proposals, and the subsequent offering to us of a memorandum of agreement with the State Department under which we have been working for the past year. We now have before us a second agreement, a second memorandum, by way of amendment to the first, which will carry us through the second year. The University of Hawaii is a combined State university and land-grant institution. This situation is found in quite a number of States on the mainland. Since we were a land-grant institution we were entitled to a grant of land but never received one, largely by virtue of having been a territory until recently.

Now, with the strong backing of our own congressional delegates, the Congress has appropriated $6 million to us in lieu of the land grant. We are permitted to spend the income from that $6 million in perpetuity. This, of course, helps us a great deal and makes up for the lack of the land grant under which we suffered for so many years. The university is composed of colleges, each with its dean. There are a number of these: The college of arts and sciences, the college of business administration, the college of education, the college of engi neering, college of nursing, college of tropical agriculture, which includes because of our land-grant status an experimental station and an extension service. We have a college of general studies and, finally, a graduate school, and I believe you will find in our material available to you copies of our catalog and various bulletins so you may look up, if you care to, any details of these various colleges. Scattered around in these colleges are some 60 departments, academic departments, and a number of specialized research institutes. Practically every one of these 60 departments offers graduate work leading to a master's degree and a number of them offer graduate work leading to the doctorate degree. We have had for a long time at the university many, many courses on Asia. We are adding to those all the time. They run now in the hundreds. In addition to the languages which almost any university teaches, we offer the opportunity to study many Asian languages, and it is possible here, for example, to study Japanese, Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, Thai, Indonesian, Tagalog, Javanese, Hindi, and Sanskrit. These are things that are not taught at the ordinary university but are available here. We have a surprisingly large number of students in them. We are in the middle of a large, developing construction program, as I am sure you will see, as you go around the campus. In addition to the buildings being built under Government money for the East-West Center, there are some 30 major construction contracts in one form or another of development. I might call your attention to a few of them. We are just about to start an institute of geophysical research under a $3 million grant from the National Science Foundation. We have well underway an institute of health research under a gift grant from the National Institutes of Health, matched by State funds. They will run to a million and a half dollars. We are building right now an international gateway dormitory of well over a million dollars from State funds. We have just completed a new music auditorium from a private gift, which we are very proud of, and we have the usual classroom and laboratory

buildings, under State money, which almost any university needs to keep going.

There are then many construction projects going along very nicely indeed on the campus. Our Asian library holdings are growing all the time, and we have on our staff the outstanding Asian librarian of the world, I believe, and are rapidly increasing our holdings in Asian library facilities. We have here what I consider an outstanding faculty and we are adding to it constantly. To give you just one small example which came to my attention recently, that of the last 30 people who were added to our College of Tropical Agriculture staff, every one of the 30 holds a Ph. D. degree. This is a very fine record indeed and it is paralleled throughout the university in the faculty and staff as we add to them. We are deeply conscious here of our responsibility to the Nation and to the world. We have faithfully carried out the promises we made in our commitments to the State Department, and we have followed through on everything that was to be done under our memorandum of agreement, and we shall continue to carry out our new responsibilities under the new contract which I expect to sign tomorrow following the board of regents meeting. As president of the university I am deeply conscious of the long hours of hard, dedicated work that have been put in by the faculty and staff here, that have been put in by the Governor's office, the State legislature, the members of the community, and our representatives and senators, our delegation to Congress, and, of course, the many people on the mainland who have given us a great deal of sympathy and support. We are grateful to the Congress and State Department for all they have done to help us along, and we hope to continue this fine relationship. I am personally very proud of the accomplishments of the East-West Center up to date, and I sincerely trust that you, too, as you learn the details through the next few days will share in that pride with us. Thank you very much.

Chairman HAYS. Dr. Snyder, there is a summary of programs in operation here, which is quite lengthy, prepared by Mr. Turnbull, which probably might come in when he testifies, but since this is sort of an introductory statement of yours to set the tone of it, I think perhaps the best place for it to be incorporated in the record would be right at this point. Is that satisfactory to you?

Dr. SNYDER. Yes.

Chairman HAYS. Then, without objection, we will incorporate Mr. Turnbull's statement into the record at this point. The statement follows:

STATEMENT ON SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS, EAST-WEST CENTER,

DECEMBER 13, 1961

Submitted for the Subcommittee on State Department Organization and Foreign Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, by Murray Turnbull, Acting Chancellor

Of all of the natural resources upon which the world depends for its survival and its sustenance, none is so important as its people. Of all the means for

making possible the fullest use and wisest realization of the potentialities of this basic resource, none offers such promise as the free interchange of information and ideas which will encourage mutual understanding between peoples. Wherever men can face one another as peers and exchange their considered views on the vital issues of their lives, the constructive possibilities for cooperative peace increase dramatically. Whenever people can share knowledge and information basic to these issues, they establish sound foundations upon which such understanding can develop and at the same time provide the means for effective thought and action.

The East-West Center has been conceived and established not to erase differences between people, but to make possible respect for the ways in which we are unlike and the recognition and acknowledgment of our similarities, that we may join in the construction of a dynamic and fruitful but peaceful life for all.

We wish not to make one like the other, but to learn one of the other what each is, through knowledge, insight, and understanding, that we may create a community among men in which our dissimilarities enrich their opposites without losing their own identities.

What we give we shall hope to receive, and what we offer to the men and women of Asia and the Pacific is but what we seek-recognition as colleagues in the human enterprise.

LEGISLATIVE ACTION

Public Law 86-472, May 14, 1960, chapter VII, section 702:

"The purpose of this chapter is to promote better relations and understandings between the United States and the nations of Asia and the Pacific (hereinafter referred to as 'the East') through cooperative study, training, and research, by establishing in Hawaii a Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West where scholars and students in various fields from the nations of the East and West may study, give and receive training, exchange ideas and views, and conduct other activities primarily in support of * * * the international, educational, cultural, and related activities of the United States." Departments of State and Justice, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1961, Public Law 86-678:

"To enable the Secretary of State to provide for carrying out the provisions of the Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West Act of 1960, by grant to any appropriate agency of the State of Hawaii, $10,000,000."

Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1962:

"To enable the Secretary of State to provide for carrying out the provisions of the Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West Act of 1960, by grant to any appropriate agency of the State of Hawaii, $3,300,000 **

OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES

1. The Center has as its primary objective the increase and development of mutual understanding between the peoples of the countries of Asia, the Pacific area and the United States. The term interchange in the title of the Center carries the greatest possible weight and is of the utmost significance in the formulation and carrying out of basic policies and operations.

2. The Center has as a parallel objective the betterment of American relationships with foreign peoples. This objective is understood as consistent with and in fact dependent upon the first objective.

3. The Center encourages and solicits, indeed makes paramount, the fullest mutual cooperation and participation of foreign countries and institutions as well as others of the United States in fulfilling its objectives.

4. Plans for the organization, operation and development of the Center are flexible enough to be adaptable to multiple, diverse and changing needs of the countries, students, trainees and senior scholars and leaders involved.

5. The Center actively seeks, at home and abroad, foundation and private financial support for its programs and enterprises, along with assistance from existing governmental agencies and legislation.

6. All awards, grants, and expenditures made through, for, or on behalf of the Center shall be devised to acknowledge and develop the highest standards of intellectual achievement and community service in the cause of human welfare. 7. The Center seeks to fulfill its objectives through two different kinds of people: first, young men and women with promising careers in their own com

munities, and second, men and women of established reputation and achievement.

8. Grants to individuals are made to men and women of promise and ability who may be expected to make or are making significant contributions to life in their own countries. Such people from abroad are selected on the understanding that they will return to their own countries upon completion of studies or other assignments pertaining to the operation of the Center.

9. Expenditures for conferences, research, and other special programs of the Center are planned to promote and facilitate the free passage of information and ideas, and are based on the acknowledgment of the mutual capacity and potential of participating individuals and countries.

ESTABLISHMENT AND ORGANIZATION

The Mutual Security Act of 1959 declared the intent of Congress to establish in Hawaii a Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West, and instructed the Secretary of State to submit a plan and program for this purpose.

When the opportunity was presented to prepare a program for such a Center, the University of Hawaii was ready, on the strength of its resources, experience, and enthusiasm to initiate extensive planning for a series of proposals to achieve the purposes of the act, and subsequently to effectuate them by assuming responsibility for the State of Hawaii to carry out the establishment and operation of the Center.

Chapter VII of the Mutual Security Act of 1960, which was signed into law on May 14, 1960, authorized the establishment and operation of the Center, and provided the funds therefor.

The sum appropriated in 1960 was designed to provide for the first year of the Center's operation in accordance with extensive plans for its organization and operation prepared by the university and the State of Hawaii, under an agreement between the university and the Department of State. This grant-in-aid agreement became effective as of October 25, 1960, and the first installment of funds was received by the university on November 8, 1960.

With the signing of the agreement and transfer of funds to the university, the Center became a reality, and its various institutes and divisions were placed in operation. The action taken with the passage of the first Federal enabling legislation, mainly of a planning nature, was followed by the erecting of a new, small, but complex structure which can expand as the scope of the Center's activities grows.

At the beginning of October 1960 the staff of the Center consisted of an Interim Director and a part-time secretary, ably assisted by various advisory committees and counsel from individuals throughout the community. The magnitude of the rapid development of the Center and the scale of its present operations a year later may be reflected in the fact that there are now 84 employees, 26 new instructors on the campus, 198 students from 23 Asian and Pacific countries, and 32 students from the United States in residence, along with several senior scholars and researchers at work on projects sponsored by the Center.

The Chancellor of the Center is responsible to the board of regents of the university through the president of the university. The directors of student programs, the training agency, the Institute of Advanced Projects, and the Translation Bureau report to the Chancellor. The Chancellor's office gives administrative direction and supervision to the Center and operates an office for public information. The directors of the Asian studies program and the Institute of American Studies are responsible to the college of arts and sciences, although certain funds for the support of their programs are provided by the Center. Food and health services, housing, and counseling are provided for out of Center funds but directly administered under the office of the dean of student personnel.

The Center has filled many positions with permanent employees, but has been organized and operated by a staff headed by a small group of acting directors, in some cases borrowed on full-time and in some cases on part-time basis from the university and the community. At the present time this staff includes 60 professional people and 24 stenographic-clerical people. Because some of these are part time, these numbers occupy slightly over 71 budgeted positions. In addition to their responsibilities for initiating and operating programs for the Center, this staff has devoted a considérable amount of time to the preparation and publication of reports and material for the Department of State and